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regarding the change of names mentioned in the document, such as hitachi electric and hitachi xx, to renesas technology corp. the semiconductor operations of mitsubishi electric and hitachi were transferred to renesas technology corporation on april 1st 2003. these operations include microcomputer, logic, analog and discrete devices, and memory chips other than drams (flash memory, srams etc.) accordingly, although hitachi, hitachi, ltd., hitachi semiconductors, and other hitachi brand names are mentioned in the document, these names have in fact all been changed to renesas technology corp. thank you for your understanding. except for our corporate trademark, logo and corporate statement, no changes whatsoever have been made to the contents of the document, and these changes do not constitute any alteration to the contents of the document itself. renesas technology home page: http://www.renesas.com renesas technology corp. customer support dept. april 1, 2003 to all our customers
cautions keep safety first in your circuit designs! 1. renesas technology corporation puts the maximum effort into making semiconductor products better and more reliable, but there is always the possibility that trouble may occur with them. trouble with semiconductors may lead to personal injury, fire or property damage. remember to give due consideration to safety when making your circuit designs, with appropriate measures such as (i) placement of substitutive, auxiliary circuits, (ii) use of nonflammable material or (iii) prevention against any malfunction or mishap. notes regarding these materials 1. these materials are intended as a reference to assist our customers in the selection of the renesas technology corporation product best suited to the customer's application; they do not convey any license under any intellectual property rights, or an y other rights, belonging to renesas technology corporation or a third party. 2. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, or infringement of any third-party's rights, originating in the use of any product data, diagrams, charts, programs, algorithms, or circuit application examples contained i n these materials. 3. all information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs and algorithms represents information on products at the time of publication of these materials, and are subject to change by renesas technology corporation without notice due to product improvements or other reasons. it is therefore recommended that customers contact renesas technology corporation or an authorized renesas technology corporation product distributor for the latest product information before purchasing a product listed herein. the information described here may contain technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability, or other loss rising from these inaccuracies or errors. please also pay attention to information published by renesas technology corporation by various means, including the renesas technology corporation semiconductor home page (http://www.renesas.com). 4. when using any or all of the information contained in these materials, including product data, diagrams, charts, programs, an d algorithms, please be sure to evaluate all information as a total system before making a final decision on the applicability of the information and products. renesas technology corporation assumes no responsibility for any damage, liability or other loss resulting from the information contained herein. 5. renesas technology corporation semiconductors are not designed or manufactured for use in a device or system that is used under circumstances in which human life is potentially at stake. please contact renesas technology corporation or an authorized renesas technology corporation product distributor when considering the use of a product contained herein for any specific purposes, such as apparatus or systems for transportation, vehicular, medical, aerospace, nuclear, or undersea repeater use. 6. the prior written approval of renesas technology corporation is necessary to reprint or reproduce in whole or in part these materials. 7. if these products or technologies are subject to the japanese export control restrictions, they must be exported under a lice nse from the japanese government and cannot be imported into a country other than the approved destination. any diversion or reexport contrary to the export control laws and regulations of japan and/or the country of destination is prohibited. 8. please contact renesas technology corporation for further details on these materials or the products contained therein.
h8/3657 series hd6473657, hd6433657 h8/3656 hd6433656 h8/3655 hd6433655 h8/3654 hd6433654 h8/3653 hd6433653 h8/3652 hd6433652 hardware manual
preface the h8/300l series of single-chip microcomputers has the high-speed h8/300l cpu at its core, with many necessary peripheral functions on-chip. the h8/300l cpu instruction set is compatible with the h8/300 cpu. the h8/3657 series has a system-on-a-chip architecture that includes such peripheral functions as a five timers, a 14-bit pwm, a two-channel serial communication interface, and an a/d converter. this makes it ideal for use in advanced control systems. this manual describes the hardware of the h8/3657 series. for details on the h8/3657 series instruction set, refer to the h8/300l series programming manual.
contents section 1 overview .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 1 1.2 internal block diagram .................................................................................................. 5 1.3 pin arrangement and functions ..................................................................................... 6 1.3.1 pin arrangement................................................................................................. 6 1.3.2 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 8 section 2 cpu ................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 11 2.1.1 features............................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 address space..................................................................................................... 12 2.1.3 register configuration........................................................................................ 12 2.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... 1 3 2.2.1 general registers................................................................................................ 13 2.2.2 control registers ................................................................................................ 13 2.2.3 initial register values ........................................................................................ 15 2.3 data formats................................................................................................................ ... 15 2.3.1 data formats in general registers ..................................................................... 16 2.3.2 memory data formats........................................................................................ 17 2.4 addressing modes .......................................................................................................... 18 2.4.1 addressing modes .............................................................................................. 18 2.4.2 effective address calculation ............................................................................ 20 2.5 instruction set............................................................................................................. .... 24 2.5.1 data transfer instructions .................................................................................. 26 2.5.2 arithmetic operations ........................................................................................ 28 2.5.3 logic operations ................................................................................................ 29 2.5.4 shift operations .................................................................................................. 29 2.5.5 bit manipulations ............................................................................................... 31 2.5.6 branching instructions........................................................................................ 35 2.5.7 system control instructions ............................................................................... 37 2.5.8 block data transfer instruction ......................................................................... 38 2.6 basic operational timing............................................................................................... 40 2.6.1 access to on-chip memory (ram, rom) ....................................................... 40 2.6.2 access to on-chip peripheral modules ............................................................. 41 2.7 cpu states .................................................................................................................. .... 43 2.7.1 overview............................................................................................................. 43 2.7.2 program execution state ................................................................................... 44 2.7.3 program halt state.............................................................................................. 44 2.7.4 exception-handling state................................................................................... 44 2.8 memory map .................................................................................................................. 45
2.9 application notes ........................................................................................................... 46 2.9.1 notes on data access ......................................................................................... 46 2.9.2 notes on bit manipulation.................................................................................. 48 2.9.3 notes on use of the eepmov instruction......................................................... 54 section 3 exception handling ...................................................................................... 55 3.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 55 3.2 reset ....................................................................................................................... ..... 55 3.2.1 overview............................................................................................................. 55 3.2.2 reset sequence ................................................................................................... 55 3.2.3 interrupt immediately after reset....................................................................... 57 3.3 interrupts.................................................................................................................. ....... 57 3.3.1 overview............................................................................................................. 57 3.3.2 interrupt control registers ................................................................................. 59 3.3.3 external interrupts .............................................................................................. 68 3.3.4 internal interrupts ............................................................................................... 69 3.3.5 interrupt operations............................................................................................ 70 3.3.6 interrupt response time..................................................................................... 75 3.4 application notes ........................................................................................................... 76 3.4.1 notes on stack area use .................................................................................... 76 3.4.2 notes on rewriting port mode registers ........................................................... 77 section 4 clock pulse generators ............................................................................... 79 4.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 79 4.1.1 block diagram.................................................................................................... 79 4.1.2 system clock and subclock ............................................................................... 79 4.2 system clock generator ................................................................................................. 80 4.3 subclock generator ........................................................................................................ 83 4.4 prescalers .................................................................................................................. ...... 85 4.5 note on oscillators ......................................................................................................... 86 section 5 power-down modes ..................................................................................... 87 5.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 87 5.1.1 system control registers ................................................................................... 90 5.2 sleep mode .................................................................................................................. ... 95 5.2.1 transition to sleep mode.................................................................................... 95 5.2.2 clearing sleep mode .......................................................................................... 95 5.2.3 clock frequency in sleep (medium-speed) mode ............................................ 95 5.3 standby mode................................................................................................................ .96 5.3.1 transition to standby mode ............................................................................... 96 5.3.2 clearing standby mode ...................................................................................... 96 5.3.3 oscillator settling time after standby mode is cleared.................................... 97 5.4 watch mode.................................................................................................................. .. 98
5.4.1 transition to watch mode .................................................................................. 98 5.4.2 clearing watch mode......................................................................................... 98 5.4.3 oscillator settling time after watch mode is cleared ...................................... 98 5.5 subsleep mode............................................................................................................... .99 5.5.1 transition to subsleep mode .............................................................................. 99 5.5.2 clearing subsleep mode..................................................................................... 99 5.6 subactive mode .............................................................................................................. 100 5.6.1 transition to subactive mode............................................................................. 100 5.6.2 clearing subactive mode ................................................................................... 100 5.6.3 operating frequency in subactive mode ........................................................... 100 5.7 active (medium-speed) mode ....................................................................................... 101 5.7.1 transition to active (medium-speed) mode ..................................................... 101 5.7.2 clearing active (medium-speed) mode ............................................................ 101 5.7.3 operating frequency in active (medium-speed) mode .................................... 101 5.8 direct transfer............................................................................................................. ... 102 section 6 rom .................................................................................................................. 105 6.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 105 6.1.1 block diagram.................................................................................................... 105 6.2 prom mode................................................................................................................... 106 6.2.1 setting to prom mode ..................................................................................... 106 6.2.2 socket adapter pin arrangement and memory map ......................................... 106 6.3 programming ................................................................................................................. . 109 6.3.1 writing and verifying......................................................................................... 109 6.3.2 programming precautions................................................................................... 114 6.4 reliability of programmed data..................................................................................... 115 section 7 ram ................................................................................................................. 117 7.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 117 7.1.1 block diagram.................................................................................................... 117 section 8 i/o ports ........................................................................................................... 119 8.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 119 8.2 port 1 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 121 8.2.1 overview............................................................................................................. 121 8.2.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 121 8.2.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 125 8.2.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 126 8.2.5 mos input pull-up............................................................................................. 126 8.3 port 2 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 127 8.3.1 overview............................................................................................................. 127 8.3.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 127 8.3.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 129
8.3.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 130 8.4 port 3 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 131 8.4.1 overview............................................................................................................. 131 8.4.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 131 8.4.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 135 8.4.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 136 8.4.5 mos input pull-up............................................................................................. 136 8.5 port 5 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 137 8.5.1 overview............................................................................................................. 137 8.5.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 137 8.5.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 139 8.5.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 140 8.5.5 mos input pull-up............................................................................................. 140 8.6 port 6 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 141 8.6.1 overview............................................................................................................. 141 8.6.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 141 8.6.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 143 8.6.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 143 8.7 port 7 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 144 8.7.1 overview............................................................................................................. 144 8.7.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 144 8.7.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 146 8.7.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 146 8.8 port 8 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 147 8.8.1 overview............................................................................................................. 147 8.8.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 147 8.8.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 149 8.8.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 150 8.9 port 9 ...................................................................................................................... ...... 151 8.9.1 overview............................................................................................................. 151 8.9.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 151 8.9.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 152 8.9.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 152 8.10 port b ..................................................................................................................... ....... 153 8.10.1 overview............................................................................................................. 153 8.10.2 register configuration and description ............................................................. 153 8.10.3 pin functions ...................................................................................................... 154 8.10.4 pin states ............................................................................................................ 154 8.11 usage notes ................................................................................................................ .... 154 section 9 timers ............................................................................................................... 155 9.1 overview.................................................................................................................... ..... 155 9.2 timer a..................................................................................................................... ...... 156 9.2.1 overview............................................................................................................. 156
9.2.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 158 9.2.3 timer operation.................................................................................................. 160 9.2.4 timer a operation states ................................................................................... 161 9.3 timer b1.................................................................................................................... ..... 162 9.3.1 overview............................................................................................................. 162 9.3.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 163 9.3.3 timer operation.................................................................................................. 165 9.3.4 timer b1 operation states ................................................................................. 166 9.4 timer v..................................................................................................................... ...... 167 9.4.1 overview............................................................................................................. 167 9.4.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 170 9.4.3 timer operation.................................................................................................. 176 9.4.4 timer v operation modes.................................................................................. 181 9.4.5 interrupt sources................................................................................................. 181 9.4.6 application examples......................................................................................... 182 9.4.7 application notes ............................................................................................... 184 9.5 timer x..................................................................................................................... ...... 190 9.5.1 overview............................................................................................................. 190 9.5.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 194 9.5.3 cpu interface ..................................................................................................... 205 9.5.4 timer operation.................................................................................................. 208 9.5.5 timer x operation modes.................................................................................. 217 9.5.6 interrupt sources................................................................................................. 217 9.5.7 timer x application example............................................................................ 218 9.5.8 application notes ............................................................................................... 219 9.6 watchdog timer ............................................................................................................. 2 24 9.6.1 overview............................................................................................................. 224 9.6.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 225 9.6.3 timer operation.................................................................................................. 228 9.6.4 watchdog timer operation states...................................................................... 229 section 10 serial communication interface ............................................................... 231 10.1 overview................................................................................................................... ...... 231 10.2 sci1 ....................................................................................................................... ..... 231 10.2.1 overview............................................................................................................. 231 10.2.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 233 10.2.3 operation in synchronous mode ........................................................................ 239 10.2.4 operation in ssb mode...................................................................................... 242 10.2.5 interrupts............................................................................................................. 24 4 10.3 sci3 ....................................................................................................................... ..... 245 10.3.1 overview............................................................................................................. 245 10.3.2 register descriptions.......................................................................................... 248 10.3.3 operation ............................................................................................................ 267
10.3.4 operation in asynchronous mode...................................................................... 271 10.3.5 operation in synchronous mode ........................................................................ 280 10.3.6 multiprocessor communication function .......................................................... 287 10.3.7 interrupts............................................................................................................. 294 10.3.8 application notes ............................................................................................... 295 section 11 14-bit pwm ................................................................................................... 299 11.1 overview................................................................................................................... ...... 299 11.1.1 features............................................................................................................... 29 9 11.1.2 block diagram.................................................................................................... 299 11.1.3 pin configuration................................................................................................ 300 11.1.4 register configuration........................................................................................ 300 11.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... 301 11.2.1 pwm control register (pwcr) ........................................................................ 301 11.2.2 pwm data registers u and l (pwdru, pwdrl) .......................................... 302 11.3 operation .................................................................................................................. ...... 303 section 12 a/d converter ................................................................................................ 305 12.1 overview................................................................................................................... ...... 305 12.1.1 features............................................................................................................... 30 5 12.1.2 block diagram.................................................................................................... 305 12.1.3 pin configuration................................................................................................ 306 12.1.4 register configuration........................................................................................ 306 12.2 register descriptions...................................................................................................... 307 12.2.1 a/d result register (adrr) ............................................................................. 307 12.2.2 a/d mode register (amr) ................................................................................ 307 12.2.3 a/d start register (adsr) ................................................................................ 309 12.3 operation .................................................................................................................. ...... 310 12.3.1 a/d conversion operation ................................................................................. 310 12.3.2 start of a/d conversion by external trigger input ........................................... 310 12.4 interrupts................................................................................................................. ........ 311 12.5 typical use................................................................................................................ ..... 311 12.6 application notes .......................................................................................................... . 314 section 13 electrical characteristics ............................................................................ 315 13.1 absolute maximum ratings ........................................................................................... 315 13.2 electrical characteristics ................................................................................................ 3 16 13.2.1 power supply voltage and operating range ..................................................... 316 13.2.2 dc characteristics (hd6473657)....................................................................... 318 13.2.3 ac characteristics (hd6473657)....................................................................... 324 13.2.4 dc characteristics (hd6433657, hd6433656, hd6433655, hd6433654, hd6433653, hd6433652)............................................................ 327
13.2.5 ac characteristics (hd6433657, hd6433656, hd6433655, hd6433654, hd6433653, hd6433652)............................................................ 333 13.2.6 a/d converter characteristics............................................................................ 336 13.3 operation timing........................................................................................................... . 337 13.4 output load circuit........................................................................................................ 340 appendix a cpu instruction set .................................................................................. 341 a.1 instructions ................................................................................................................ ..... 341 a.2 operation code map....................................................................................................... 349 a.3 number of execution states ........................................................................................... 351 appendix b internal i/o register ................................................................................. 358 b.1 addresses................................................................................................................... ..... 358 b.2 functions................................................................................................................... ...... 362 appendix c i/o port block diagrams ......................................................................... 407 c.1 block diagrams of port 1 ............................................................................................... 407 c.2 block diagrams of port 2 ............................................................................................... 413 c.3 block diagrams of port 3 ............................................................................................... 417 c.4 block diagrams of port 5 ............................................................................................... 421 c.5 block diagram of port 6................................................................................................. 424 c.6 block diagrams of port 7 ............................................................................................... 425 c.7 block diagrams of port 8 ............................................................................................... 429 c.8 block diagram of port 9................................................................................................. 437 c.9 block diagram of port b ................................................................................................ 438 appendix d port states in the different processing states ................................... 439 appendix e product code lineup ................................................................................ 440 appendix f package dimensions ................................................................................. 441
section 1 overview 1.1 overview the h8/300l series is a series of single-chip microcomputers (mcu: microcomputer unit), built around the high-speed h8/300l cpu and equipped with peripheral system functions on-chip. within the h8/300l series, the h8/3657 series of microcomputers are equipped with a uart (universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter). other on-chip peripheral functions include five timers, a 14-bit pulse width modulator (pwm), two serial communication interface channels, and an a/d converter. together, these functions make the h8/3657 series ideally suited for embedded applications in advanced control systems. the ztat tm * versions of the h8/3657 come with user- programmable prom. table 1 summarizes the features of the h8/3657 series.. table 1 summarizes the features of the h8/3657 series. note: * ztat is a trademark of hitachi, ltd. table 1-1 features item description cpu high-speed h8/300l cpu general-register architecture general registers: sixteen 8-bit registers (can be used as eight 16-bit registers) operating speed max. operating speed: 5 mhz add/subtract: 0.4 ? (operating at 5 mhz) multiply/divide: 2.8 ? (operating at 5 mhz) can run on 32.768 khz subclock instruction set compatible with h8/300 cpu instruction length of 2 bytes or 4 bytes basic arithmetic operations between registers mov instruction for data transfer between memory and registers typical instructions multiply (8 bits 8 bits) divide (16 bits ? 8 bits) bit accumulator register-indirect designation of bit position 1
table 1-1 features (cont) item description interrupts 33 interrupt sources 12 external interrupt sources (irq 3 to irq 0 , int 7 to int 0 ) 21 internal interrupt sources clock pulse generators two on-chip clock pulse generators system clock pulse generator: 1 to 10 mhz subclock pulse generator: 32.768 khz power-down modes seven power-down modes sleep (high-speed) mode sleep (medium-speed) mode standby mode watch mode subsleep mode subactive mode active (medium-speed) mode memory large on-chip memory h8/3657: 60-kbyte rom, 2-kbyte ram h8/3656: 48-kbyte rom, 2-kbyte ram h8/3655: 40-kbyte rom, 2-kbyte ram h8/3654: 32-kbyte rom, 1 kbyte ram h8/3653: 24-kbyte rom, 1 kbyte ram h8/3652: 16-kbyte rom, 1 kbyte ram i/o ports 67 pins 59 i/o pins 8 input pins timers five on-chip timers timer a: 8-bit timer count-up timer with selection of eight internal clock signals divided from the system clock (? * and four clock signals divided from the watch clock ( w ) * timer b1: 8-bit timer count-up timer with selection of seven internal clock signals or event input from external pin auto-reloading note: * ?and w are defined in section 4, clock pulse generators. 2
table 1-1 features (cont) item description timers timer v: 8-bit timer count-up timer with selection of six internal clock signals or event input from external pin compare-match waveform output incrementing specifiable by external trigger input timer x: 16-bit timer count-up timer with selection of three internal clock signals or event input from external pin output compare (2 output pins) input capture (4 input pins) watchdog timer reset signal generated by 8-bit counter overflow serial communication two channels on chip interface sci1: synchronous serial interface choice of 8-bit or 16-bit data transfer sci3: 8-bit synchronous/asynchronous serial interface incorporates multiprocessor communication function 14-bit pwm pulse-division pwm output for reduced ripple can be used as a 14-bit d/a converter by connecting to an external low-pass filter. a/d converter successive approximations using a resistance ladder 8-channel analog input pins conversion time: 31/?or 62/? per channel 3
table 1-1 features (cont) item specification product lineup product code mask rom ztat version version package rom/ram size hd6433657w hd6473657w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 60 kbytes hd6433657x hd6473657x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 2 kbytes hd6433657h hd6473657h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433657f hd6473657f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) hd6433656w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 48 kbytes hd6433656x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 2 kbytes hd6433656h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433656f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) hd6433655w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 40 kbytes hd6433655x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 2 kbytes hd6433655h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433655f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) hd6433654w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 32 kbytes hd6433654x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 1 kbyte hd6433654h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433654f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) hd6433653w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 24 kbytes hd6433653x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 1 kbyte hd6433653h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433653f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) hd6433652w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) rom 16 kbytes hd6433652x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) ram 1 kbyte hd6433652h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433652f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) 4
1.2 internal block diagram figure 1-1 shows a block diagram of the h8/3657 series. figure 1-1 block diagram port 8 p8 7 p8 6 /ftid p8 5 /ftic p8 4 /ftib p8 3 /ftia p8 2 /ftob p8 1 /ftoa p8 0 /ftci rom port 7 p7 7 p7 6 /tmov p7 5 /tmciv p7 4 /tmriv p7 3 p7 2 p7 1 p7 0 port 6 p6 7 p6 6 p6 5 p6 4 p6 3 p6 2 p6 1 p6 0 p5 7 /int 7 p5 6 /int 6 /tmib p5 5 /int 5 /adtrg p5 4 /int 4 p5 3 /int 3 p5 2 /int 2 p5 1 /int 1 p5 0 /int 0 port 1 p1 0 /tmow p1 1 p1 2 p1 3 p1 4 /pwm p1 5 /irq 1 p1 6 /irq 2 p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv port 2 p2 0 /sck 3 p2 1 /rxd p2 2 /txd p2 3 p2 4 p2 5 p2 6 p2 7 port 3 p3 0 /sck 1 p3 1 /si 1 p3 2 /so 1 p3 3 p3 4 p3 5 p9 0 p9 1 p9 2 p9 3 p9 4 port 9 pb 0 /an 0 pb 1 /an 1 pb 2 /an 2 pb 3 /an 3 pb 4 /an 4 pb 5 /an 5 pb 6 /an 6 pb 7 /an 7 v ss v cc res irq 0 test osc 1 osc 2 x 1 x 2 cpu h8/300l data bus (lower) system clock generator subclock generator ram timer a sci1 timer b1 watchdog timer a/d converter sci3 timer x timer v 14-bit pwm av cc av ss port 5 port b data bus (upper) address bus 5
1.3 pin arrangement and functions 1.3.1 pin arrangement the h8/3657 series pin arrangement is shown in figures 1-2 (tfp-80c, tfp-80f, fp-80a), and in figures 1-3 (fp-80b). figure 1-2 pin arrangement (tfp-80c, tfp-80f, fp-80a: top view) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 p2 0 /sck 3 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 /so 1 p3 1 /si 1 p3 0 /sck 1 v cc v ss p8 7 p8 6 /ftid p8 5 /ftic p8 4 /ftib p8 3 /ftia p8 2 /ftob p8 1 /ftoa p8 0 /ftci p7 7 p7 6 /tmov p7 5 /tmciv pb 3 /an 3 pb 2 /an 2 pb 1 /an 1 pb 0 /an 0 av ss test x 2 x 1 v ss osc 1 osc 2 res v cc p9 0 p9 1 p9 2 p9 3 p9 4 irq 0 p5 0 /int 0 p5 1 /int 1 p5 2 /int 2 p5 3 /int 3 p5 4 /int 4 p5 5 /int 5 /adtrg p5 6 /int 6 /tmib p5 7 /int 7 p6 0 p6 1 p6 2 p6 3 p6 4 p6 5 p6 6 p6 7 p7 0 p7 1 p7 2 p7 3 p7 4 /tmriv pb 4 /an 4 pb 5 /an 5 pb 6 /an 6 pb 7 /an 7 av cc p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv p1 6 /irq 2 p1 5 /irq 1 p1 4 /pwm p1 3 p1 2 p1 1 p1 0 /tmow p2 7 p2 6 p2 5 p2 4 p2 3 p2 2 /txd p2 1 /rxd h8/3657 series tfp-80c, tfp-80f, fp-80a 6
figure 1-3 pin arrangement (fp-80b: top view) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 p2 2 /txd p2 1 /rxd p2 0 /sck 3 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 /so 1 p3 1 /si 1 p3 0 /sck 1 v cc v ss p8 7 p8 6 /ftid p8 5 /ftic p8 4 /ftib p8 3 /ftia p8 2 /ftob p8 1 /ftoa p8 0 /ftci p7 7 p7 6 /tmov p7 5 /tmciv p7 4 /tmriv p7 3 pb 6 /an 6 pb 7 /an 7 av cc p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv p1 6 /irq 2 p1 5 /irq 1 p1 4 /pwm p1 3 p1 2 p1 1 p1 0 /tmow p2 7 p2 6 p2 5 p2 4 p2 3 pb 5 /an 5 pb 4 /an 4 pb 3 /an 3 pb 2 /an 2 pb 1 /an 1 pb 0 /an 0 av ss test x 2 x 1 v ss osc 1 osc 2 res v cc p9 0 p9 1 p9 2 p9 3 p9 4 irq 0 p5 0 /int 0 p5 1 /int 1 p5 2 /int 2 p5 3 /int 3 p5 4 /int 4 p5 5 /int 5 /adtrg p5 6 /int 6 /tmib p5 7 /int 7 / p6 0 p6 1 p6 2 p6 3 p6 4 p6 5 p6 6 p6 7 p7 0 p7 1 p7 2 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 h8/3657 series fp-80b 7
8 1.3.2 pin functions table 1-2 outlines the pin functions of the h8/3657 series. table 1-2 pin functions pin no. tfp-80c, tfp-80f, type symbol fp-80a fp-80b i/o name and functions power v cc 13, 53 15, 55 input power supply: all v cc pins should be source pins connectedto the system power supply (+5 v) v ss 9, 52 11, 54 input ground: all v ss pins should be connected to the system power supply (0 v) av cc 76 78 input analog power supply: this is the power supply pin for the a/d converter. when the a/d converter is not used, connect this pin to the system power supply (+5 v). av ss 5 7 input analog ground: this is the a/d converter ground pin. it should be connected to the system power supply (0 v). clock pins osc 1 10 12 input system clock: these pins connect to a crystal or ceramic oscillator, or can be osc 2 11 13 output used to input an external clock. see section 4, clock pulse generators, for a typical connection diagram. x 1 8 10 input subclock: these pins connect to a 32.768-khz crystal oscillator. see section x 2 7 9 output 4, clock pulse generators, for a typical connection diagram. system res 12 14 input reset: when this pin is driven low, control the chip is reset test 6 8 input test: this is a test pin, not for use in application systems. it should be connected to v ss . interrupt irq 0 19 21 input irq interrupt request 0 to 3: these are pins irq 1 73 75 input pins for edge-sensitive external irq 2 74 76 interrupts, with a selection of rising or irq 3 75 77 falling edge int 7 to 27 to 29 to input int interrupt request 0 to 7: these are int 0 20 22 input pins for edge-sensitive external interrupts, with a selection of rising or falling edge timer pins tmow 68 70 output clock output: this is an output pin for waveforms generated by the timer a output circuit
table 1-2 pin functions (cont) pin no. tfp-80c, tfp-80f, type symbol fp-80a fp-80b i/o name and functions timer pins tmib 26 28 input timer b1 event counter input: this is an event input pin for input to the timer b1 counter tmov 42 44 output timer v output: this is an output pin for waveforms generated by the timer v output compare function tmciv 41 43 input timer v event input: this is an event input pin for input to the timer v counter tmriv 40 42 input timer v counter reset: this is a counter reset input pin for timer v trgv 75 77 input timer v counter trigger input: this is a trigger input pin for the timer v counter and realtime output port ftci 44 46 input timer x clock input: this is an external clock input pin for input to the timer x counter ftoa 45 47 output timer x output compare a output: this is an output pin for timer x output compare a ftob 46 48 output timer x output compare b output: this is an output pin for timer x output compare b ftia 47 49 input timer x input capture a input: this is an input pin for timer x input capture a ftib 48 50 input timer x input capture b input: this is an input pin for timer x input capture b ftic 49 51 input timer x input capture c input: this isan input pin for timer x input capture c ftid 50 52 input timer x input capture d input: this is an input pin for timer x input capture d 14-bit pwm 72 74 output 14-bit pwm output: this is an output pin pwm pin for waveforms generated by the 14-bit pwm i/o ports pb 7 to 77 to 80, 79 to 80 input port b: this is an 8-bit input port pb 0 1 to 4 1 to 6 p1 7 to 75 to 77 to i/o port 1: this is a 8-bit i/o port. input or p1 0 68 70 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 1 (pcr1) 9
table 1-2 pin functions (cont) pin no. tfp-80c, tfp-80f, type symbol fp-80a fp-80b i/o name and functions i/o ports p2 7 to 67 to 69 to i/o port 2: this is a 8-bit i/o port. input or p2 0 60 62 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 2 (pcr2) p3 5 to 59 to 61 to i/o port 3: this is a 6-bit i/o port. input or p3 0 54 56 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 3 (pcr3) p5 7 to 27 to 29 to i/o port 5: this is an 8-bit i/o port. input or p5 0 20 22 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 5 (pcr5) p6 7 to 35 to 37 to i/o port 6: this is an 8-bit i/o port. input or p6 0 28 30 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 6 (pcr6) p7 7 to 43 to 45 to i/o port 7: this is a 8-bit i/o port. input or p7 0 36 38 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 7 (pcr7) p8 7 to 51 to 53 to i/o port 8: this is an 8-bit i/o port. input or p8 0 44 46 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 8 (pcr8) p9 4 to 18 to 20 to i/o port 9: this is a 5-bit i/o port. input or p9 0 14 16 output can be designated for each bit by means of port control register 9 (pcr9) serial si 1 55 57 input sci1 receive data input: communi- this is the sci1 data input pin cation so 1 56 58 output sci1 transmit data output: interface this is the sci1 data output pin (sci) sck 1 54 56 i/o sci1 clock i/o : this is the sci1 clock i/o pin rxd 61 63 input sci3 receive data input: this is the sci3 data input pin txd 62 64 output sci3 transmit data output: tthis is the sci3 data output pin sck 3 60 62 i/o sci3 clock i/o: this is the sci3 clock i/o pin a/d an 7 to 77 to 80, 79, 80 input analog input channels 7 to 0: converter an 0 1 to 4 1 to 6 these are analog data input channels to the a/d converter adtrg 25 27 input a/d converter trigger input: this is the external trigger input pin to the a/d converter 10
section 2 cpu 2.1 overview the h8/300l cpu has sixteen 8-bit general registers, which can also be paired as eight 16-bit registers. its concise instruction set is designed for high-speed operation. 2.1.1 features features of the h8/300l cpu are listed below. general-register architecture sixteen 8-bit general registers, also usable as eight 16-bit general registers instruction set with 55 basic instructions, including: multiply and divide instructions powerful bit-manipulation instructions eight addressing modes register direct register indirect register indirect with displacement register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement absolute address immediate program-counter relative memory indirect 64-kbyte address space high-speed operation all frequently used instructions are executed in two to four states high-speed arithmetic and logic operations 8- or 16-bit register-register add or subtract: 0.4 ?* ? 8-bit multiply: 2.8 ?* 16 8-bit divide: 2.8 ?* low-power operation modes sleep instruction for transfer to low-power operation note: * these values are at ?= 5 mhz. 11
2.1.2 address space the h8/300l cpu supports an address space of up to 64 kbytes for storing program code and data. see 2.8, memory map, for details of the memory map. 2.1.3 register configuration figure 2-1 shows the register structure of the h8/300l cpu. there are two groups of registers: the general registers and control registers. figure 2-1 cpu registers 7070 15 0 pc r0h r1h r2h r3h r4h r5h r6h r7h r0l r1l r2l r3l r4l r5l r6l r7l (sp) sp: stack pointer pc: program counter ccr: condition code register carry flag overflow flag zero flag negative flag half-carry flag interrupt mask bit user bit user bit ccr i u h u n z v c general registers (rn) control registers (cr) 753210 64 12
2.2 register descriptions 2.2.1 general registers all the general registers can be used as both data registers and address registers. when used as data registers, they can be accessed as 16-bit registers (r0 to r7), or the high bytes (r0h to r7h) and low bytes (r0l to r7l) can be accessed separately as 8-bit registers. when used as address registers, the general registers are accessed as 16-bit registers (r0 to r7). r7 also functions as the stack pointer (sp), used implicitly by hardware in exception processing and subroutine calls. when it functions as the stack pointer, as indicated in figure 2-2, sp (r7) points to the top of the stack. figure 2-2 stack pointer 2.2.2 control registers the cpu control registers include a 16-bit program counter (pc) and an 8-bit condition code register (ccr). program counter (pc): this 16-bit register indicates the address of the next instruction the cpu will execute. all instructions are fetched 16 bits (1 word) at a time, so the least significant bit of the pc is ignored (always regarded as 0 when the instruction code is read). lower address side [h'0000] upper address side [h'ffff] unused area stack area sp (r7) 13
condition code register (ccr): this 8-bit register contains internal status information, including the interrupt mask bit (i) and half-carry (h), negative (n), zero (z), overflow (v), and carry (c) flags. these bits can be read and written by software (using the ldc, stc, andc, orc, and xorc instructions). the n, z, v, and c flags are used as branching conditions for conditional branching (bcc) instructions. bit 7?nterrupt mask bit (i): when this bit is set to 1, interrupts are masked. this bit is set to 1 automatically at the start of exception handling. the interrupt mask bit may be read and written by software. for further details, see section 3.3, interrupts. bit 6?ser bit (u): can be used freely by the user. bit 5?alf-carry flag (h): when the add.b, addx.b, sub.b, subx.b, cmp.b, or neg.b instruction is executed, this flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 3, and is cleared to 0 otherwise. the h flag is used implicitly by the daa and das instructions. when the add.w, sub.w, or cmp.w instruction is executed, the h flag is set to 1 if there is a carry or borrow at bit 11, and is cleared to 0 otherwise. bit 4?ser bit (u): can be used freely by the user. bit 3?egative flag (n): indicates the most significant bit (sign bit) of the result of an instruction. stores the value of the most significant bit. bit 2?ero flag (z): set to 1 to indicate a zero result, and cleared to 0 to indicate a non-zero result. bit 1?verflow flag (v): set to 1 when an arithmetic overflow occurs, and cleared to 0 at other times. bit 0?arry flag (c): set to 1 when a carry occurs, and cleared to 0 otherwise. used by: add instructions, to indicate a carry subtract instructions, to indicate a borrow shift and rotate instructions, to store the value shifted out of the end bit the carry flag is also used as a bit accumulator by bit manipulation instructions. some instructions leave some or all of the flag bits unchanged. refer to the h8/300l series programming manual for the action of each instruction on the flag bits. 14
2.2.3 initial register values when the cpu is reset, the program counter (pc) is initialized to the value stored at address h'0000 in the vector table, and the i bit in the ccr is set to 1. the other ccr bits and the general registers are not initialized. in particular, the stack pointer (r7) is not initialized. the stack pointer should be initialized by software, by the first instruction executed after a reset. 2.3 data formats the h8/300l cpu can process 1-bit data, 4-bit (bcd) data, 8-bit (byte) data, and 16-bit (word) data. bit manipulation instructions operate on 1-bit data specified as bit n in a byte operand (n = 0, 1, 2, ..., 7). all arithmetic and logic instructions except adds and subs can operate on byte data. the mov.w, add.w, sub.w, cmp.w, adds, subs, mulxu (8 bits 8 bits), and divxu (16 bits 8 bits) instructions operate on word data. the daa and das instructions perform decimal arithmetic adjustments on byte data in packed bcd form. each nibble of the byte is treated as a decimal digit. 15
2.3.1 data formats in general registers data of all the sizes above can be stored in general registers as shown in figure 2-3. figure 2-3 register data formats 76543210 don? care data type register no. data format 70 1-bit data rnh 76543210 don? care 70 1-bit data rnl msb lsb don? care 70 byte data rnh byte data rnl word data rn 4-bit bcd data rnh 4-bit bcd data rnl notation: rnh: rnl: msb: lsb: upper byte of general register lower byte of general register most significant bit least significant bit msb lsb don? care 70 msb lsb 15 0 upper digit lower digit don? care 70 3 4 don? care upper digit lower digit 70 3 4 16
2.3.2 memory data formats figure 2-4 indicates the data formats in memory. for access by the h8/300l cpu, word data stored in memory must always begin at an even address. in word access the least significant bit of the address is regarded as 0. if an odd address is specified, the access is performed at the preceding even address. this rule affects the mov.w instruction, and also applies to instruction fetching. figure 2-4 memory data formats when the stack is accessed using r7 as an address register, word access should always be performed. when the ccr is pushed on the stack, two identical copies of the ccr are pushed to make a complete word. when they are restored, the lower byte is ignored. data format 76543210 address data type 70 address n msb lsb msb lsb upper 8 bits lower 8 bits msb lsb ccr ccr * msb lsb msb lsb address n even address odd address even address odd address even address odd address 1-bit data byte data word data byte data (ccr) on stack word data on stack ccr: condition code register note: ignored on return * 17
2.4 addressing modes 2.4.1 addressing modes the h8/300l cpu supports the eight addressing modes listed in table 2-1. each instruction uses a subset of these addressing modes. table 2-1 addressing modes no. address modes symbol 1 register direct rn 2 register indirect @rn 3 register indirect with displacement @(d:16, rn) 4 register indirect with post-increment @rn+ register indirect with pre-decrement @?n 5 absolute address @aa:8 or @aa:16 6 immediate #xx:8 or #xx:16 7 program-counter relative @(d:8, pc) 8 memory indirect @@aa:8 1. register direct?n: the register field of the instruction specifies an 8- or 16-bit general register containing the operand. only the mov.w, add.w, sub.w, cmp.w, adds, subs, mulxu (8 bits 8 bits), and divxu (16 bits 8 bits) instructions have 16-bit operands. 2. register indirect?rn: the register field of the instruction specifies a 16-bit general register containing the address of the operand in memory. 3. register indirect with displacement?(d:16, rn): the instruction has a second word (bytes 3 and 4) containing a displacement which is added to the contents of the specified general register to obtain the operand address in memory. this mode is used only in mov instructions. for the mov.w instruction, the resulting address must be even. 18
4. register indirect with post-increment or pre-decrement?rn+ or @?n: register indirect with post-increment?rn+ the @rn+ mode is used with mov instructions that load registers from memory. the register field of the instruction specifies a 16-bit general register containing the address of the operand. after the operand is accessed, the register is incremented by 1 for mov.b or 2 for mov.w. for mov.w, the original contents of the 16-bit general register must be even. register indirect with pre-decrement??n the @?n mode is used with mov instructions that store register contents to memory. the register field of the instruction specifies a 16-bit general register which is decremented by 1 or 2 to obtain the address of the operand in memory. the register retains the decremented value. the size of the decrement is 1 for mov.b or 2 for mov.w. for mov.w, the original contents of the register must be even. 5. absolute address?aa:8 or @aa:16: the instruction specifies the absolute address of the operand in memory. the absolute address may be 8 bits long (@aa:8) or 16 bits long (@aa:16). the mov.b and bit manipulation instructions can use 8-bit absolute addresses. the mov.b, mov.w, jmp, and jsr instructions can use 16-bit absolute addresses. for an 8-bit absolute address, the upper 8 bits are assumed to be 1 (h'ff). the address range is h'ff00 to h'ffff (65280 to 65535). 6. immediate?xx:8 or #xx:16: the instruction contains an 8-bit operand (#xx:8) in its second byte, or a 16-bit operand (#xx:16) in its third and fourth bytes. only mov.w instructions can contain 16-bit immediate values. the adds and subs instructions implicitly contain the value 1 or 2 as immediate data. some bit manipulation instructions contain 3-bit immediate data in the second or fourth byte of the instruction, specifying a bit number. 7. program-counter relative?(d:8, pc): this mode is used in the bcc and bsr instructions. an 8-bit displacement in byte 2 of the instruction code is sign-extended to 16 bits and added to the program counter contents to generate a branch destination address. the possible branching range is ?26 to +128 bytes (?3 to +64 words) from the current address. the displacement should be an even number. 19
8. memory indirect?@aa:8: this mode can be used by the jmp and jsr instructions. the second byte of the instruction code specifies an 8-bit absolute address. the word located at this address contains the branch destination address. the upper 8 bits of the absolute address are assumed to be 0 (h'00), so the address range is from h'0000 to h'00ff (0 to 255). note that with the h8/300l series, the lower end of the address area is also used as a vector area. see 3.3, interrupts, for details on the vector area. if an odd address is specified as a branch destination or as the operand address of a mov.w instruction, the least significant bit is regarded as 0, causing word access to be performed at the address preceding the specified address. see 2.3.2, memory data formats, for further information. 2.4.2 effective address calculation table 2-2 shows how effective addresses are calculated in each of the addressing modes. arithmetic and logic instructions use register direct addressing (1). the add.b, addx, subx, cmp.b, and, or, and xor instructions can also use immediate addressing (6). data transfer instructions can use all addressing modes except program-counter relative (7) and memory indirect (8). bit manipulation instructions use register direct (1), register indirect (2), or absolute addressing (5) to specify a byte operand, and 3-bit immediate addressing (6) to specify a bit position in that byte. the bset, bclr, bnot, and btst instructions can also use register direct addressing (1) to specify the bit position. 20
table 2-2 effective address calculation addressing mode and instruction format op rm 76 3 40 15 no. effective address calculation method effective address (ea) 1 register direct, rn operand is contents of registers indicated by rm/rn register indirect, @rn contents (16 bits) of register indicated by rm 0 15 register indirect with displacement, @(d:16, rn) op rm rn 87 3 40 15 op rm 76 3 40 15 disp op rm 76 3 40 15 register indirect with post-increment, @rn+ op rm 76 3 40 15 register indirect with pre-decrement, @?n 2 3 4 incremented or decremented by 1 if operand is byte size, and by 2 if word size 0 15 disp 0 15 0 15 0 15 1 or 2 0 15 0 15 1 or 2 0 15 rm 30 rn 30 contents (16 bits) of register indicated by rm contents (16 bits) of register indicated by rm contents (16 bits) of register indicated by rm 21
table 2-2 effective address calculation (cont) addressing mode and instruction format no. effective address calculation method effective address (ea) 5 absolute address @aa:8 operand is 1- or 2-byte immediate data @aa:16 op 87 0 15 op 0 15 imm op disp 70 15 program-counter relative @(d:8, pc) 6 7 0 15 pc contents 0 15 0 15 abs h'ff 87 0 15 0 15 abs op #xx:16 op 87 0 15 imm immediate #xx:8 8 sign extension disp 22
table 2-2 effective address calculation (cont) addressing mode and instruction format no. effective address calculation method effective address (ea) 8 memory indirect, @@aa:8 op 87 0 15 memory contents (16 bits) 0 15 abs h'00 87 0 15 notation: rm, rn: op: disp: imm: abs: register field operation field displacement immediate data absolute address abs 23
2.5 instruction set the h8/300l series can use a total of 55 instructions, which are grouped by function in table 2-3. table 2-3 instruction set function instructions number data transfer mov, push * 1 , pop * 1 1 arithmetic operations add, sub, addx, subx, inc, dec, adds, 14 subs, daa, das, mulxu, divxu, cmp, neg logic operations and, or, xor, not 4 shift shal, shar, shll, shlr, rotl, rotr, 8 rotxl, rotxr bit manipulation bset, bclr, bnot, btst, band, biand, bor, 14 bior, bxor, bixor, bld, bild, bst, bist branch bcc *2 , jmp, bsr, jsr, rts 5 system control rte, sleep, ldc, stc, andc, orc, xorc, nop 8 block data transfer eepmov 1 total: 55 notes: 1. push rn is equivalent to mov.w rn, @?p. pop rn is equivalent to mov.w @sp+, rn. the same applies to the machine language. 2. bcc is a conditional branch instruction in which cc represents a condition code. the following sections give a concise summary of the instructions in each category, and indicate the bit patterns of their object code. the notation used is defined next. 24
notation rd general register (destination) rs general register (source) rn general register (ead), destination operand (eas), source operand ccr condition code register n n (negative) flag of ccr z z (zero) flag of ccr v v (overflow) flag of ccr c c (carry) flag of ccr pc program counter sp stack pointer #imm immediate data disp displacement + addition subtraction multiplication ? division and logical or logical ? exclusive or logical ? move ~ logical negation (logical complement) :3 3-bit length :8 8-bit length :16 16-bit length ( ), < > contents of operand indicated by effective address 25
2.5.1 data transfer instructions table 2-4 describes the data transfer instructions. figure 2-5 shows their object code formats. table 2-4 data transfer instructions instruction size * function mov b/w (eas) ? rd, rs ? (ead) moves data between two general registers or between a general register and memory, or moves immediate data to a general register. the rn, @rn, @(d:16, rn), @aa:16, #xx:16, @?n, and @rn+ addressing modes are available for byte or word data. the @aa:8 addressing mode is available for byte data only. the @?7 and @r7+ modes require word operands. do not specify byte size for these two modes. pop w @sp+ ? rn pops a 16-bit general register from the stack. equivalent to mov.w @sp+, rn. push w rn ? @?p pushes a 16-bit general register onto the stack. equivalent to mov.w rn, @?p. notes: * size: operand size b: byte w: word certain precautions are required in data access. see 2.9.1, notes on data access, for details. 26
figure 2-5 data transfer instruction codes 15 0 87 op rm rn mov rm ? rn 15 0 87 op rm rn @rm ?? rn 15 0 87 op rm rn @(d:16, rm) ?? rn disp 15 0 87 op rm rn @rm+ ? rn, or rn ? @?m 15 0 87 op rn abs @aa:8 ?? rn 15 0 87 op rn @aa:16 ?? rn abs 15 0 87 op rn imm #xx:8 ? rn 15 0 87 op rn #xx:16 ? rn imm 15 0 87 op rn push, pop notation: op: rm, rn: disp: abs: imm: operation field register field displacement absolute address immediate data @sp+ rn, or rn @?p ? ? 111 27
2.5.2 arithmetic operations table 2-5 describes the arithmetic instructions. table 2-5 arithmetic instructions instruction size * function add b/w rd rs ? rd, rd + #imm ? rd sub performs addition or subtraction on data in two general registers, or addition on immediate data and data in a general register. immediate data cannot be subtracted from data in a general register. word data can be added or subtracted only when both words are in general registers. addx b rd rs c ? rd, rd #imm c ? rd subx performs addition or subtraction with carry on byte data in two general registers, or addition or subtraction with carry on immediate data and data in a general register. inc b rd 1 ? rd dec increments or decrements a general register adds w rd 1 ? rd, rd 2 ? rd subs adds or subtracts 1 or 2 to or from a general register daa b rd decimal adjust ? rd das decimal-adjusts (adjusts to packed bcd) an addition or subtraction result in a general register by referring to the ccr mulxu b rd rs ? rd performs 8-bit 8-bit unsigned multiplication on data in two general registers, providing a 16-bit result divxu b rd rs ? rd performs 16-bit 8-bit unsigned division on data in two general registers, providing an 8-bit quotient and 8-bit remainder cmp b/w rd ?rs, rd ?#imm compares data in a general register with data in another general register or with immediate data, and indicates the result in the ccr. word data can be compared only between two general registers. neg b 0 ?rd ? rd obtains the two? complement (arithmetic complement) of data in a general register notes: * size: operand size b: byte w: word 28
2.5.3 logic operations table 2-6 describes the four instructions that perform logic operations. table 2-6 logic operation instructions instruction size * function and b rd rs ? rd, rd #imm ? rd performs a logical and operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data or b rd rs ? rd, rd #imm ? rd performs a logical or operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data xor b rd ? rs ? rd, rd ? #imm ? rd performs a logical exclusive or operation on a general register and another general register or immediate data not b ~ rd ? rd obtains the one? complement (logical complement) of general register contents notes: * size: operand size b: byte 2.5.4 shift operations table 2-7 describes the eight shift instructions. table 2-7 shift instructions instruction size * function shal b rd shift ? rd shar performs an arithmetic shift operation on general register contents shll b rd shift ? rd shlr performs a logical shift operation on general register contents rotl b rd rotate ? rd rotr rotates general register contents rotxl b rd rotate through carry ? rd rotxr rotates general register contents through the c (carry) bit notes: * size: operand size b: byte 29
figure 2-6 shows the instruction code format of arithmetic, logic, and shift instructions. figure 2-6 arithmetic, logic, and shift instruction codes 15 0 87 op rm rn add, sub, cmp, addx, subx (rm) notation: op: rm, rn: imm: operation field register field immediate data 15 0 87 op rn adds, subs, inc, dec, daa, das, neg, not 15 0 87 op rn mulxu, divxu rm 15 0 87 rn imm add, addx, subx, cmp (#xx:8) op 15 0 87 op rn and, or, xor (rm) rm 15 0 87 rn imm and, or, xor (#xx:8) op 15 0 87 rn shal, shar, shll, shlr, rotl, rotr, rotxl, rotxr op 30
2.5.5 bit manipulations table 2-8 describes the bit-manipulation instructions. figure 2-7 shows their object code formats. table 2-8 bit-manipulation instructions instruction size * function bset b 1 ? ( of ) sets a specified bit in a general register or memory to 1. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a general register. bclr b 0 ? ( of ) clears a specified bit in a general register or memory to 0. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a general register. bnot b ~ ( of ) ? ( of ) inverts a specified bit in a general register or memory. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a general register. btst b ~ ( of ) ? z tests a specified bit in a general register or memory and sets or clears the z flag accordingly. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data or the lower three bits of a general register. band b c ( of ) ? c ands the c flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. biand b c [~ ( of )] ? c ands the c flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data. bor b c ( of ) ? c ors the c flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. bior b c [~ ( of )] ? c ors the c flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data. notes: * size: operand size b: byte 31
table 2-8 bit-manipulation instructions (cont) instruction size * function bxor b c ? ( of ) ? c xors the c flag with a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. bixor b c ? [~( of )] ? c xors the c flag with the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or memory, and stores the result in the c flag. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data. bld b ( of ) ? c copies a specified bit in a general register or memory to the c flag. bild b ~ ( of ) ? c copies the inverse of a specified bit in a general register or memory to the c flag. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data. bst b c ? ( of ) copies the c flag to a specified bit in a general register or memory. bist b ~ c ? ( of ) copies the inverse of the c flag to a specified bit in a general register or memory. the bit number is specified by 3-bit immediate data. notes: * size: operand size b: byte certain precautions are required in bit manipulation. see 2.9.2, notes on bit manipulation, for details. 32
figure 2-7 bit manipulation instruction codes 15 0 87 op imm rn operand: bit no.: notation: op: rm, rn: abs: imm: operation field register field absolute address immediate data 15 0 87 op rn bset, bclr, bnot, btst register direct (rn) immediate (#xx:3) operand: bit no.: register direct (rn) register direct (rm) rm 15 0 87 op 0 operand: bit no.: register indirect (@rn) immediate (#xx:3) rn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 imm 15 0 87 op 0 operand: bit no.: register indirect (@rn) register direct (rm) rn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 rm op 15 0 87 op operand: bit no.: absolute (@aa:8) immediate (#xx:3) abs 0000 imm op op 15 0 87 op operand: bit no.: absolute (@aa:8) register direct (rm) abs 0000 rm op 15 0 87 op imm rn operand: bit no.: register direct (rn) immediate (#xx:3) band, bor, bxor, bld, bst 15 0 87 op 0 operand: bit no.: register indirect (@rn) immediate (#xx:3) rn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 imm op 15 0 87 op operand: bit no.: absolute (@aa:8) immediate (#xx:3) abs 0000 imm op 33
figure 2-7 bit manipulation instruction codes (cont) notation: op: rm, rn: abs: imm: operation field register field absolute address immediate data 15 0 87 op imm rn operand: bit no.: register direct (rn) immediate (#xx:3) biand, bior, bixor, bild, bist 15 0 87 op 0 operand: bit no.: register indirect (@rn) immediate (#xx:3) rn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 imm op 15 0 87 op operand: bit no.: absolute (@aa:8) immediate (#xx:3) abs 0000 imm op 34
2.5.6 branching instructions table 2-9 describes the branching instructions. figure 2-8 shows their object code formats. table 2-9 branching instructions instruction size function bcc branches to the designated address if condition cc is true. the branching conditions are given below. mnemonic description condition bra (bt) always (true) always brn (bf) never (false) never bhi high c z = 0 bls low or same c z = 1 bcc (bhs) carry clear (high or same) c = 0 bcs (blo) carry set (low) c = 1 bne not equal z = 0 beq equal z = 1 bvc overflow clear v = 0 bvs overflow set v = 1 bpl plus n = 0 bmi minus n = 1 bge greater or equal n ? v = 0 blt less than n ? v = 1 bgt greater than z (n ? v) = 0 ble less or equal z (n ? v) = 1 jmp branches unconditionally to a specified address bsr branches to a subroutine at a specified address jsr branches to a subroutine at a specified address rts returns from a subroutine 35
figure 2-8 branching instruction codes notation: op: cc: rm: disp: abs: operation field condition field register field displacement absolute address 15 0 87 op cc disp bcc 15 0 87 op rm 0 jmp (@rm) 000 15 0 87 op jmp (@aa:16) abs 15 0 87 op abs jmp (@@aa:8) 15 0 87 op disp bsr 15 0 87 op rm 0 jsr (@rm) 000 15 0 87 op jsr (@aa:16) abs 15 0 87 op abs jsr (@@aa:8) 15 0 87 op rts 36
2.5.7 system control instructions table 2-10 describes the system control instructions. figure 2-9 shows their object code formats. table 2-10 system control instructions instruction size * function rte returns from an exception-handling routine sleep causes a transition from active mode to a power-down mode. see section 5, power-down modes, for details. ldc b rs ? ccr, #imm ? ccr moves immediate data or general register contents to the condition code register stc b ccr ? rd copies the condition code register to a specified general register andc b ccr #imm ? ccr logically ands the condition code register with immediate data orc b ccr #imm ? ccr logically ors the condition code register with immediate data xorc b ccr ? #imm ? ccr logically exclusive-ors the condition code register with immediate data nop pc + 2 ? pc only increments the program counter notes: * size: operand size b: byte 37
figure 2-9 system control instruction codes 2.5.8 block data transfer instruction table 2-11 describes the block data transfer instruction. figure 2-10 shows its object code format. table 2-11 block data transfer instruction instruction size function eepmov if r4l 0 then repeat @r5+ ? @r6+ r4l ?1 ? r4l until r4l = 0 else next; block transfer instruction. transfers the number of data bytes specified by r4l from locations starting at the address indicated by r5 to locations starting at the address indicated by r6. after the transfer, the next instruction is executed. certain precautions are required in using the eepmov instruction. see 2.9.3, notes on use of the eepmov instruction, for details. notation: op: rn: imm: operation field register field immediate data 15 0 87 op rte, sleep, nop 15 0 87 op rn ldc, stc (rn) 15 0 87 op imm andc, orc, xorc, ldc (#xx:8) 38
figure 2-10 block data transfer instruction code notation: op: operation field 15 0 87 op op 39
2.6 basic operational timing cpu operation is synchronized by a system clock (? or a subclock ( sub ). for details on these clock signals see section 4, clock pulse generators. the period from a rising edge of ?or sub to the next rising edge is called one state. a bus cycle consists of two states or three states. the cycle differs depending on whether access is to on-chip memory or to on-chip peripheral modules. 2.6.1 access to on-chip memory (ram, rom) access to on-chip memory takes place in two states. the data bus width is 16 bits, allowing access in byte or word size. figure 2-11 shows the on-chip memory access cycle. figure 2-11 on-chip memory access cycle t 1 state bus cycle t 2 state internal address bus internal read signal internal data bus (read access) internal write signal read data address write data internal data bus (write access) sub ?or 40
2.6.2 access to on-chip peripheral modules on-chip peripheral modules are accessed in two states or three states. the data bus width is 8 bits, so access is by byte size only. this means that for accessing word data, two instructions must be used. figures 2-12 and 2-13 show the on-chip peripheral module access cycle. two-state access to on-chip peripheral modules figure 2-12 on-chip peripheral module access cycle (2-state access) t 1 state bus cycle t 2 state ?or internal address bus internal read signal internal data bus (read access) internal write signal read data address write data internal data bus (write access) sub 41
three-state access to on-chip peripheral modules figure 2-13 on-chip peripheral module access cycle (3-state access) t 1 state bus cycle internal address bus internal read signal internal data bus (read access) internal write signal read data address internal data bus (write access) t 2 state t 3 state write data sub ?or 42
2.7 cpu states 2.7.1 overview there are four cpu states: the reset state, program execution state, program halt state, and exception-handling state. the program execution state includes active (high-speed or medium- speed) mode and subactive mode. in the program halt state there are a sleep (high-speed or medium-speed) mode, standby mode, watch mode, and sub-sleep mode. these states are shown in figure 2-14. figure 2-15 shows the state transitions. figure 2-14 cpu operation states cpu state reset state program execution state program halt state exception- handling state active (high speed) mode active (medium speed) mode subactive mode sleep (high-speed) mode standby mode watch mode subsleep mode low-power modes the cpu executes successive program instructions at high speed, synchronized by the system clock the cpu executes successive program instructions at reduced speed, synchronized by the system clock the cpu executes successive program instructions at reduced speed, synchronized by the subclock a state in which some or all of the chip functions are stopped to conserve power a transient state in which the cpu changes the processing flow due to a reset or an interrupt the cpu is initialized note: see section 5, power-down modes, for details on the modes and their transitions. sleep (medium-speed) mode 43
figure 2-15 state transitions 2.7.2 program execution state in the program execution state the cpu executes program instructions in sequence. there are three modes in this state, two active modes (high speed and medium speed) and one subactive mode. operation is synchronized with the system clock in active mode (high speed and medium speed), and with the subclock in subactive mode. see section 5, power-down modes for details on these modes. 2.7.3 program halt state in the program halt state there are four modes: two sleep modes (high speed and medium speed), standby mode, watch mode, and subsleep mode. see section 5, power-down modes for details on these modes. 2.7.4 exception-handling state the exception-handling state is a transient state occurring when exception handling is started by a reset or interrupt and the cpu changes its normal processing flow. in exception handling caused by an interrupt, sp (r7) is referenced and the pc and ccr values are saved on the stack. for details on interrupt handling, see section 3.3, interrupts. reset state program halt state exception-handling state program execution state reset cleared sleep instruction executed reset occurs interrupt source occurs interrupt source occurs reset occurs exception- handling complete reset occurs 44
2.8 memory map figure 2-16 shows a memory map of the h8/3657 series. figure 2-16 h8/3657 series memory map h'0000 h'002f h'0030 h'5fff h'3fff h'7fff h'9fff h'bfff h'edff h'ee00 h'f770 h'f77f h'f780 h'fb80 h'ff7f h'ff80 h'ff9f h'ffa0 h'ffff interrupt vectors on-chip rom reserved internal i/o registers (16 bytes) reserved internal i/o registers (96 bytes) 32 kbytes 40 kbytes 48 kbytes 2 kbytes h8/3654 h8/3655 16 kbytes 24 kbytes 1 kbytes h8/3652 h8/3653 h8/3656 60 kbytes h8/3657 on-chip ram 45
2.9 application notes 2.9.1 notes on data access 1. the address space of the h8/300l cpu includes empty areas in addition to the ram, registers, and rom areas available to the user. if these empty areas are mistakenly accessed by an application program, the following results will occur. data transfer from cpu to empty area: the transferred data will be lost. this action may also cause the cpu to misoperate. data transfer from empty area to cpu: unpredictable data is transferred. 2. internal data transfer to or from on-chip modules other than the rom and ram areas makes use of an 8-bit data width. if word access is attempted to these areas, the following results will occur. word access from cpu to i/o register area: upper byte: will be written to i/o register. lower byte: transferred data will be lost. word access from i/o register to cpu: upper byte: will be written to upper part of cpu register. lower byte: unpredictable data will be written to lower part of cpu register. byte size instructions should therefore be used when transferring data to or from i/o registers other than the on-chip rom and ram areas. figure 2-17 shows the data size and number of states in which on-chip peripheral modules can be accessed. 46
figure 2-17 data size and number of states for access to and from on-chip peripheral modules interrupt vector area (48 bytes) on-chip rom on-chip ram internal i/o registers (96 bytes) internal i/o registers (16 bytes) reserved 2 kbytes h'0000 h'002f h'0030 h'edff h'f770 h'f77f h'f780 h'ff7f h'ff80 h'ff9f h'ffa0 h'ffff word byte access states 2 or 3 * 2 2 3 * 2 reserved notes: the h8/3657 is shown as an example. * internal i/o registers in areas assigned to timer x (h'f770 to h'f77f), sci3 (h'ffa8 to h'ffad), and timer v (h'ffb8 to h'ffbd) are accessed in three states. 47
2.9.2 notes on bit manipulation the bset, bclr, bnot, bst, and bist instructions read one byte of data, modify the data, then write the data byte again. special care is required when using these instructions in cases where two registers are assigned to the same address, in the case of registers that include write-only bits, and when the instruction accesses an i/o port. order of operation operation 1 read read byte data at the designated address 2 modify modify a designated bit in the read data 3 write write the altered byte data to the designated address 1. bit manipulation in two registers assigned to the same address example 1: timer load register and timer counter figure 2-18 shows an example in which two timer registers share the same address. when a bit manipulation instruction accesses the timer load register and timer counter of a reloadable timer, since these two registers share the same address, the following operations take place. order of operation operation 1 read timer counter data is read (one byte) 2 modify the cpu modifies (sets or resets) the bit designated in the instruction 3 write the altered byte data is written to the timer load register the timer counter is counting, so the value read is not necessarily the same as the value in the timer load register. as a result, bits other than the intended bit in the timer load register may be modified to the timer counter value. figure 2-18 timer configuration example r w r: w: read write count clock timer counter timer load register reload internal data bus 48
example 2: bset instruction executed designating port 3 p3 7 and p3 6 are designated as input pins, with a low-level signal input at p3 7 and a high-level signal at p3 6 . the remaining pins, p3 5 to p3 0 , are output pins and output low-level signals. in this example, the bset instruction is used to change pin p3 0 to high-level output. [a: prior to executing bset] p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low low level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 10000000 [b: bset instruction executed] the bset instruction is executed designating port 3. [c: after executing bset] p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low high level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 01000001 [d: explanation of how bset operates] when the bset instruction is executed, first the cpu reads port 3. since p3 7 and p3 6 are input pins, the cpu reads the pin states (low-level and high-level input). p3 5 to p3 0 are output pins, so the cpu reads the value in pdr3. in this example pdr3 has a value of h'80, but the value read by the cpu is h'40. next, the cpu sets bit 0 of the read data to 1, changing the pdr3 data to h'41. finally, the cpu writes this value (h'41) to pdr3, completing execution of bset. bset #0 , @pdr3 49
as a result of this operation, bit 0 in pdr3 becomes 1, and p3 0 outputs a high-level signal. however, bits 7 and 6 of pdr3 end up with different values. to avoid this problem, store a copy of the pdr3 data in a work area in memory. perform the bit manipulation on the data in the work area, then write this data to pdr3. [a: prior to executing bset] the pdr3 value (h'80) is written to a work area in memory (ram0) as well as to pdr3. p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low low level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 10000000 ram0 10000000 [b: bset instruction executed] the bset instruction is executed designating the pdr3 work area (ram0). bset #0 , @ram0 mov. b #80, r0l mov. b r0l, @ram0 mov. b r0l, @pdr3 50
[c: after executing bset] the work area (ram0) value is written to pdr3. p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low high level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 10000001 ram0 10000001 2. bit manipulation in a register containing a write-only bit example 3: bclr instruction executed designating port 3 control register pcr3 as in the examples above, p3 7 and p3 6 are input pins, with a low-level signal input at p3 7 and a high-level signal at p3 6 . the remaining pins, p3 5 to p3 0 , are output pins that output low-level signals. in this example, the bclr instruction is used to change pin p3 0 to an input port. it is assumed that a high-level signal will be input to this input pin. [a: prior to executing bclr] p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low low level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 10000000 [b: bclr instruction executed] the bclr instruction is executed designating pcr3. bclr #0 , @pcr3 mov. b @ram0, r0l mov. b r0l, @pdr3 51
[c: after executing bclr] p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output output output output output output output output input pin state low high low low low low low high level level level level level level level level pcr3 11111110 pdr3 10000000 [d: explanation of how bclr operates] when the bclr instruction is executed, first the cpu reads pcr3. since pcr3 is a write-only register, the cpu reads a value of h'ff, even though the pcr3 value is actually h'3f. next, the cpu clears bit 0 in the read data to 0, changing the data to h'fe. finally, this value (h'fe) is written to pcr3 and bclr instruction execution ends. as a result of this operation, bit 0 in pcr3 becomes 0, making p3 0 an input port. however, bits 7 and 6 in pcr3 change to 1, so that p3 7 and p3 6 change from input pins to output pins. to avoid this problem, store a copy of the pcr3 data in a work area in memory. perform the bit manipulation on the data in the work area, then write this data to pcr3. [a: prior to executing bclr] the pcr3 value (h'3f) is written to a work area in memory (ram0) as well as to pcr3. p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low low level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111111 pdr3 10000000 ram0 00111111 mov. b #3f, r0l mov. b r0l, @ram0 mov. b r0l, @pcr3 52
[b: bclr instruction executed] the bclr instruction is executed designating the pcr3 work area (ram0). [c: after executing bclr] the work area (ram0) value is written to pcr3. p3 7 p3 6 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 input/output input input output output output output output output pin state low high low low low low low high level level level level level level level level pcr3 00111110 pdr3 10000000 ram0 00111110 table 2-12 lists the pairs of registers that share identical addresses. table 2-13 lists the registers that contain write-only bits. table 2-12 registers with shared addresses register name abbreviation address output compare register ah and output compare register bh (timer x) ocrah/ocrbh h'f774 output compare register al and output compare register bl (timer x) ocral/ocrbl h'f775 timer counter b1 and timer load register b1 (timer b1) tcb1/tlb1 h'ffb3 port data register 1 * pdr1 h'ffd4 port data register 2 * pdr2 h'ffd5 port data register 3 * pdr3 h'ffd6 port data register 5 * pdr5 h'ffd8 port data register 6 * pdr6 h'ffd9 port data register 7 * pdr7 h'ffda port data register 8 * pdr8 h'ffdb port data register 9 * pdr9 h'ffdc note: * port data registers have the same addresses as input pins. mov. b @ram0, r0l mov. b r0l, @pcr3 bclr #0 , @ram0 53
table 2-13 registers with write-only bits register name abbreviation address port control register 1 pcr1 h'ffe4 port control register 2 pcr2 h'ffe5 port control register 3 pcr3 h'ffe6 port control register 5 pcr5 h'ffe8 port control register 6 pcr6 h'ffe9 port control register 7 pcr7 h'ffea port control register 8 pcr8 h'ffeb port control register 9 pcr9 h'ffec pwm control register pwcr h'ffd0 pwm data register u pwdru h'ffd1 pwm data register l pwdrl h'ffd2 2.9.3 notes on use of the eepmov instruction the eepmov instruction is a block data transfer instruction. it moves the number of bytes specified by r4l from the address specified by r5 to the address specified by r6. when setting r4l and r6, make sure that the final destination address (r6 + r4l) does not exceed h'ffff. the value in r6 must not change from h'ffff to h'0000 during execution of the instruction. h'ffff not allowed ? r6 ? r6 + r4l r5 ? r5 + r4l ? ? r6 ? r6 + r4l r5 ? r5 + r4l ? 54
section 3 exception handling 3.1 overview exception handling is performed in the h8/3657 series when a reset or interrupt occurs. table 3-1 shows the priorities of these two types of exception handling. table 3-1 exception handling types and priorities priority exception source time of start of exception handling high reset exception handling starts as soon as the reset state is cleared interrupt when an interrupt is requested, exception handling starts after execution of the present instruction or the exception low handling in progress is completed 3.2 reset 3.2.1 overview a reset is the highest-priority exception. the internal state of the cpu and the registers of the on- chip peripheral modules are initialized. 3.2.2 reset sequence 1. reset by res pin as soon as the res pin goes low, all processing is stopped and the chip enters the reset state. to make sure the chip is reset properly, observe the following precautions. at power on: hold the res pin low until the clock pulse generator output stabilizes. at power on, when using an external clock: hold the res pin low for the ceramic oscillator oscillation stabilization time shown in table 13.7 in the electrical characteristics section. resetting during operation: hold the res pin low for at least 18 system clock cycles. reset exception handling begins when the res pin is held low for a given period, then returned to the high level. reset exception handling takes place as follows. the cpu internal state and the registers of on-chip peripheral modules are initialized, with the i bit of the condition code register (ccr) set to 1. the pc is loaded from the reset exception handling vector address (h'0000 to h'0001), after which the program starts executing from the address indicated in pc. 55
when system power is turned on or off, the res pin should be held low. figure 3-1 shows the reset sequence starting from res input. figure 3-1 reset sequence 2. reset by watchdog timer the watchdog timer counter (tcw) starts counting up when the wdon bit is set to 1 in the watchdog timer control/status register (tcsrw). if tcw overflows, the wrst bit is set to 1 in tcsrw and the chip enters the reset state. while the wrst bit is set to 1 in tcsrw, when tcw overflows the reset state is cleared and reset exception handling begins. the same reset exception handling is carried out as for input at the res pin. for details on the watchdog timer, see 9.11, watchdog timer. vector fetch internal address bus internal read signal internal write signal internal data bus (16-bit) res internal processing program initial instruction prefetch (1) reset exception handling vector address (h'0000) (2) program start address (3) first instruction of program (2) (3) (2) (1) reset cleared 56
3.2.3 interrupt immediately after reset after a reset, if an interrupt were to be accepted before the stack pointer (sp: r7) was initialized, pc and ccr would not be pushed onto the stack correctly, resulting in program runaway. to prevent this, immediately after reset exception handling all interrupts are masked. for this reason, the initial program instruction is always executed immediately after a reset. this instruction should initialize the stack pointer (e.g. mov.w #xx: 16, sp). 3.3 interrupts 3.3.1 overview the interrupt sources include 12 external interrupts (irq 3 to irq 0 , int 7 to int 0 ) and 21 internal interrupts from on-chip peripheral modules. table 3-2 shows the interrupt sources, their priorities, and their vector addresses. when more than one interrupt is requested, the interrupt with the highest priority is processed. the interrupts have the following features: internal and external interrupts can be masked by the i bit in ccr. when the i bit is set to 1, interrupt request flags can be set but the interrupts are not accepted. irq 3 to irq 0 and int 7 to int 0 can be set independently to either rising edge sensing or falling edge sensing. 57
table 3-2 interrupt sources and their priorities interrupt source interrupt vector number vector address priority res reset 0 h'0000 to h'0001 high irq 0 irq 0 4 h'0008 to h'0009 irq 1 irq 1 5 h'000a to h'000b irq 2 irq 2 6 h'000c to h'000d irq 3 irq 3 7 h'000e to h'000f int 0 int 0 8 h'0010 to h'0011 int 1 int 1 int 2 int 2 int 3 int 3 int 4 int 4 int 5 int 5 int 6 int 6 int 7 int 7 timer a timer a overflow 10 h'0014 to h'0015 timer b1 timer b1 overflow 11 h'0016 to h'0017 timer x timer x input capture a 16 h'0020 to h'0021 timer x input capture b timer x input capture c timer x input capture d timer x compare match a timer x compare match b timer x overflow timer v timer v compare match a 17 h'0022 to h'0023 timer v compare match b timer v overflow sci1 sci1 transfer complete 19 h'0026 to h'0027 sci3 sci3 transmit end 21 h'002a to h'002b sci3 transmit data empty sci3 receive data full sci3 overflow error sci3 framing error sci3 parity error a/d a/d conversion end 22 h'002c to h'002d (sleep instruction direct transfer 23 h'002e to h'002f low executed) note: * vector addresses h'0002 to h'0005, h'0024 to h'0025, h'0028 to h'0029 are reserved and cannot be used. 58
3.3.2 interrupt control registers table 3-3 lists the registers that control interrupts. table 3-3 interrupt control registers name abbreviation r/w initial value address interrupt edge select register 1 iegr1 r/w h'70 h'fff2 interrupt edge select register 2 iegr2 r/w h'00 h'fff3 interrupt enable register 1 ienr1 r/w h'10 h'fff4 interrupt enable register 2 ienr2 r/w h'00 h'fff5 interrupt enable register 3 ienr3 r/w h'00 h'fff6 interrupt request register 1 irr1 r/w * h'10 h'fff7 interrupt request register 2 irr2 r/w * h'00 h'fff8 interrupt request register 3 irr3 r/w * h'00 h'fff9 note: * write is enabled only for writing of 0 to clear a flag. 1. interrupt edge select register 1 (iegr1) iegr1 is an 8-bit read/write register used to designate whether pins irq 3 to irq 0 are set to rising edge sensing or falling edge sensing. upon reset, iegr1 is initialized to h'70. bit 7: reserved bit bit 7 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bits 6 to 4: reserved bits bits 6 to 4 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 ieg3 0 r/w 0 ieg0 0 r/w 2 ieg2 0 r/w 1 ieg1 0 r/w 59
bit 3: irq 3 edge select (ieg3) bit 3 selects the input sensing of pin irq 3 . bit 3 ieg3 description 0 falling edge of irq 3 pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of irq 3 pin input is detected bit 2: irq 2 edge select (ieg2) bit 2 selects the input sensing of pin irq 2 . bit 2 ieg2 description 0 falling edge of irq 2 pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of irq 2 pin input is detected bit 1: irq 1 edge select (ieg1) bit 1 selects the input sensing of pin irq 1 . bit 1 ieg1 description 0 falling edge of irq 1 pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of irq 1 pin input is detected bit 0: irq 0 edge select (ieg0) bit 0 selects the input sensing of pin irq 0 . bit 0 ieg0 description 0 falling edge of irq 0 pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of irq 0 pin input is detected 60
2. interrupt edge select register 2 (iegr2) iegr2 is an 8-bit read/write register, used to designate whether pins int 7 to int 0 , tmiy, and tmib are set to rising edge sensing or falling edge sensing. upon reset, iegr2 is initialized to h'00. bit 7: int 7 edge select (integ7) bit 7 selects the input sensing of the int 7 pin and tmiy pin. bit 7 integ7 description 0 falling edge of int 7 and tmiy pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of int 7 and tmiy pin input is detected bit 6: int 6 edge select (integ6) bit 6 selects the input sensing of the int 6 pin and tmib pin. bit 6 integ6 description 0 falling edge of int 6 and tmib pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of int 6 and tmib pin input is detected bit 5: int 5 edge select (integ5) bit 5 selects the input sensing of the int 5 pin and adtrg pin. bit 5 integ5 description 0 falling edge of int 5 and adtrg pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of int 5 and adtrg pin input is detected bit initial value read/write 7 integ7 0 r/w 6 integ6 0 r/w 5 integ5 0 r/w 4 integ4 0 r/w 3 integ3 0 r/w 0 integ0 0 r/w 2 integ2 0 r/w 1 integ1 0 r/w 61
bits 4 to 0: int 4 to int 0 edge select (integ4 to integ0) bits 4 to 0 select the input sensing of pins int 4 to int 0 . bit n integn description 0 falling edge of int n pin input is detected (initial value) 1 rising edge of int n pin input is detected (n = 4 to 0) 3. interrupt enable register 1 (ienr1) ienr1 is an 8-bit read/write register that enables or disables interrupt requests. upon reset, ienr1 is initialized to h'10. bit 7: timer b1 interrupt enable (ientb1) bit 7 enables or disables timer b1 overflow interrupt requests. bit 7 ientb1 description 0 disables timer b1 interrupt requests (initial value) 1 enables timer b1 interrupt requests bit 6: timer a interrupt enable (ienta) bit 6 enables or disables timer a overflow interrupt requests. bit 6 ienta description 0 disables timer a interrupt requests (initial value) 1 enables timer a interrupt requests bit initial value read/write 7 ientb1 0 r/w 6 ienta 0 r/w 5 0 4 1 3 ien3 0 r/w 0 ien0 0 r/w 2 ien2 0 r/w 1 ien1 0 r/w 62
bit 5: reserved bit bit 5 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 4: reserved bit bit 4 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 3 to 0: irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt enable (ien3 to ien0) bits 3 to 0 enable or disable irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt requests. bit n ienn description 0 disables interrupt requests from pin irq n (initial value) 1 enables interrupt requests from pin irq n (n = 3 to 0) 4. interrupt enable register 2 (ienr2) ienr2 is an 8-bit read/write register that enables or disables interrupt requests. upon reset, ienr2 is initialized to h'00. bit 7: direct transfer interrupt enable (iendt) bit 7 enables or disables direct transfer interrupt requests. bit 7 iendt description 0 disables direct transfer interrupt requests (initial value) 1 enables direct transfer interrupt requests bit initial value read/write 7 iendt 0 r/w 6 ienad 0 r/w 5 0 4 iens1 0 r/w 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 63
bit 6: a/d converter interrupt enable (ienad) bit 6 enables or disables a/d converter interrupt requests. bit 6 ienad description 0 disables a/d converter interrupt requests (initial value) 1 enables a/d converter interrupt requests bit 5: reserved bit bit 5 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 4: sci1 interrupt enable (iens1) bit 4 enables or disables sci1 transfer complete interrupt requests. bit 4 iens1 description 0 disables sci1 interrupt requests (initial value) 1 enables sci1 interrupt requests bits 3 to 0: reserved bits bits 3 to 0 are reserved: they are always read as 0 and cannot be modified. 64
5. interrupt enable register 3 (ienr3) ienr3 is an 8-bit read/write register that enables or disables int 7 to int 0 interrupt requests. upon reset, ienr3 is initialized to h'00. bits 7 to 0: int 7 to int 0 interrupt enable (inten7 to inten0) bits 7 to 0 enable or disable int 7 to int 0 interrupt requests. bit n intenn description 0 disables interrupt requests from pin int n (initial value) 1 enables interrupt requests from pin int n (n = 7 to 0) 6. interrupt request register 1 (irr1) irr1 is an 8-bit read/write register, in which a corresponding flag is set to 1 when a timer b1, timer a, timer y, or irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt is requested. the flags are not cleared automatically when an interrupt is accepted. it is necessary to write 0 to clear each flag. upon reset, irr1 is initialized to h'10. bit 7: timer b1 interrupt request flag (irrtb1) bit 7 irrtb1 description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrtb1 = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when the timer b1 counter value overflows from h'ff to h'00 bit initial value read/write 7 irrtb1 0 r/w 6 irrta 0 r/w 5 0 4 1 3 irri3 0 r/w 0 irri0 0 r/w 2 irri2 0 r/w 1 irri1 0 r/w ** **** note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible bit initial value read/write 7 inten7 0 r/w 6 inten6 0 r/w 5 inten5 0 r/w 4 inten4 0 r/w 3 inten3 0 r/w 0 inten0 0 r/w 2 inten2 0 r/w 1 inten1 0 r/w 65
bit 6: timer a interrupt request flag (irrta) bit 6 irrta description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrta = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when the timer a counter value overflows from h'ff to h'00 bit 5: reserved bit bit 5 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 4: reserved bit bit 4 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 3 to 0: irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt request flags (irri3 to irri0) bit n irrin description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrin = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when pin irq n is designated for interrupt input and the designated signal edge is input (n = 3 to 0) 66
7. interrupt request register 2 (irr2) irr2 is an 8-bit read/write register, in which a corresponding flag is set to 1 when a direct transfer, a/d converter, or sci1 interrupt is requested. the flags are not cleared automatically when an interrupt is accepted. it is necessary to write 0 to clear each flag. upon reset, irr2 is initialized to h'00. bit 7: direct transfer interrupt request flag (irrdt) bit 7 irrdt description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrdt = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when a direct transfer is made by executing a sleep instruction while dton = 1 in syscr2 bit 6: a/d converter interrupt request flag (irrad) bit 6 irrad description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrad = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when a/d conversion is completed and adsf is cleared to 0 in adsr bit 5: reserved bit bit 5 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 irrdt 0 r/w 6 irrad 0 r/w 5 0 4 irrs1 0 r/w 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 ** * note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible 67
bit 4: sci1 interrupt request flag (irrs1) bit 4 irrs1 description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when irrs1 = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when an sci1 transfer is completed bits 3 to 0: reserved bits bits 3 to 0 are reserved: they are always read as 0 and cannot be modified. 8. interrupt request register 3 (irr3) irr3 is an 8-bit read/write register, in which a corresponding flag is set to 1 by a transition at pin int 7 to int 0 . the flags are not cleared automatically when an interrupt is accepted. it is necessary to write 0 to clear each flag. upon reset, irr3 is initialized to h'00. bits 7 to 0: int 7 to int 0 interrupt request flags (intf7 to intf0) bit n intfn description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) when intfn = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 setting conditions: when the designated signal edge is input at pin int n (n = 7 to 0) 3.3.3 external interrupts there are 12 external interrupts: irq 3 to irq 0 and int 7 to int 0 . 1. interrupts irq 3 to irq 0 interrupts irq 3 to irq 0 are requested by input signals to pins irq 3 to irq 0 . these interrupts are detected by either rising edge sensing or falling edge sensing, depending on the settings of bits ieg3 to ieg0 in iegr1. bit initial value read/write 7 intf7 0 r/w 6 intf6 0 r/w 5 intf5 0 r/w 4 intf4 0 r/w 3 intf3 0 r/w 0 intf0 0 r/w 2 intf2 0 r/w 1 intf1 0 r/w *** **** * note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible 68
when these pins are designated as pins irq 3 to irq 0 in port mode register 1 and the designated edge is input, the corresponding bit in irr1 is set to 1, requesting an interrupt. recognition of these interrupt requests can be disabled individually by clearing bits ien3 to ien0 to 0 in ienr1. these interrupts can all be masked by setting the i bit to 1 in ccr. when irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt exception handling is initiated, the i bit is set to 1 in ccr. vector numbers 7 to 4 are assigned to interrupts irq 3 to irq 0 . the order of priority is from irq 0 (high) to irq 3 (low). table 3-2 gives details. 2. int interrupts int interrupts are requested by input signals to pins int 7 to int 0 . these interrupts are detected by either rising edge sensing or falling edge sensing, depending on the settings of bits integ7 to integ0 in iegr2. when the designated edge is input at pins int 7 to int 0 , the corresponding bit in irr1 is set to 1, requesting an interrupt. recognition of these interrupt requests can be disabled individually by clearing bits inten7 to inten0 to 0 in ienr3. these interrupts can all be masked by setting the i bit to 1 in ccr. when int interrupt exception handling is initiated, the i bit is set to 1 in ccr. vector number 8 is assigned to the int interrupts. all eight interrupts have the same vector number, so the interrupt- handling routine must discriminate the interrupt source. note: pins int 7 to int 0 are multiplexed with port 5. even in port usage of these pins, whenever the designated edge is input or output, the corresponding bit intfn is set to 1. 3.3.4 internal interrupts there are 21 internal interrupts that can be requested by the on-chip peripheral modules. when a peripheral module requests an interrupt, the corresponding bit in irr1 or irr2 is set to 1. recognition of individual interrupt requests can be disabled by clearing the corresponding bit in ienr1 or ienr2. all these interrupts can be masked by setting the i bit to 1 in ccr. when internal interrupt handling is initiated, the i bit is set to 1 in ccr. vector numbers from 23 to 9 are assigned to these interrupts. table 3-2 shows the order of priority of interrupts from on-chip peripheral modules. 69
3.3.5 interrupt operations interrupts are controlled by an interrupt controller. figure 3-2 shows a block diagram of the interrupt controller. figure 3-3 shows the flow up to interrupt acceptance. figure 3-2 block diagram of interrupt controller interrupt operation is described as follows. when an interrupt condition is met while the interrupt enable register bit is set to 1, an interrupt request signal is sent to the interrupt controller. when the interrupt controller receives an interrupt request, it sets the interrupt request flag. from among the interrupts with interrupt request flags set to 1, the interrupt controller selects the interrupt request with the highest priority and holds the others pending. (refer to table 3-2 for a list of interrupt priorities.) the interrupt controller checks the i bit of ccr. if the i bit is 0, the selected interrupt request is accepted; if the i bit is 1, the interrupt request is held pending. interrupt controller priority decision logic interrupt request ccr (cpu) i external or internal interrupts external interrupts or internal interrupt enable signals 70
if the interrupt is accepted, after processing of the current instruction is completed, both pc and ccr are pushed onto the stack. the state of the stack at this time is shown in figure 3-4. the pc value pushed onto the stack is the address of the first instruction to be executed upon return from interrupt handling. the i bit of ccr is set to 1, masking further interrupts. the vector address corresponding to the accepted interrupt is generated, and the interrupt handling routine located at the address indicated by the contents of the vector address is executed. notes: 1. when disabling interrupts by clearing bits in an interrupt enable register, or when clearing bits in an interrupt request register, always do so while interrupts are masked (i = 1). 2. if the above clear operations are performed while i = 0, and as a result a conflict arises between the clear instruction and an interrupt request, exception processing for the interrupt will be executed after the clear instruction has been executed. 71
figure 3-3 flow up to interrupt acceptance pc contents saved ccr contents saved i ? 1 i = 0 program execution state no yes yes no notation: pc: ccr: i: program counter condition code register i bit of ccr ieno = 1 no yes iendt = 1 no yes irrdt = 1 no yes branch to interrupt handling routine irrio = 1 no yes ien1 = 1 no yes irri1 = 1 no yes ien2 = 1 no yes irri2 = 1 72
figure 3-4 stack state after completion of interrupt exception handling figure 3-5 shows a typical interrupt sequence where the program area is in the on-chip rom and the stack area is in the on-chip ram. pc and ccr saved to stack sp (r7) sp ?1 sp ?2 sp ?3 sp ?4 stack area sp + 4 sp + 3 sp + 2 sp + 1 sp (r7) even address prior to start of interrupt exception handling after completion of interrupt exception handling notation: pc h : pc l : ccr: sp: upper 8 bits of program counter (pc) lower 8 bits of program counter (pc) condition code register stack pointer notes: ccr ccr pc h pc l 1. 2. pc shows the address of the first instruction to be executed upon return from the interrupt handling routine. register contents must always be saved and restored by word access, starting from an even-numbered address. 73
figure 3-5 interrupt sequence vector fetch internal address bus internal read signal internal write signal (2) internal data bus (16 bits) interrupt request signal (9) (1) internal processing prefetch instruction of interrupt-handling routine (1) instruction prefetch address (instruction is not executed. address is saved as pc contents, becoming return address.) (2)(4) instruction code (not executed) (3) instruction prefetch address (instruction is not executed.) (5) sp ?2 (6) sp ?4 (7) ccr (8) vector address (9) starting address of interrupt-handling routine (contents of vector address.) (10) first instruction of interrupt-handling routine (3) (9) (8) (6) (5) (4) (1) (7) (10) stack access internal processing instruction prefetch interrupt level decision and wait for end of instruction interrupt is accepted 74
3.3.6 interrupt response time table 3-4 shows the number of wait states after an interrupt request flag is set until the first instruction of the interrupt handler is executed. table 3-4 interrupt wait states item states waiting time for completion of executing instruction * 1 to 13 saving of pc and ccr to stack 4 vector fetch 2 instruction fetch 4 internal processing 4 total 15 to 27 note: * not including eepmov instruction. 75
3.4 application notes 3.4.1 notes on stack area use when word data is accessed in the h8/3657 series, the least significant bit of the address is regarded as 0. access to the stack always takes place in word size, so the stack pointer (sp: r7) should never indicate an odd address. use push rn (mov.w rn, @?p) or pop rn (mov.w @sp+, rn) to save or restore register values. setting an odd address in sp may cause a program to crash. an example is shown in figure 3-6. figure 3-6 operation when odd address is set in sp when ccr contents are saved to the stack during interrupt exception handling or restored when rte is executed, this also takes place in word size. both the upper and lower bytes of word data are saved to the stack; on return, the even address contents are restored to ccr while the odd address contents are ignored. pc pc r1l pc sp sp sp h'fefc h'fefd h'feff ? ? ? h l l mov. b r1l, @?7 sp set to h'feff stack accessed beyond sp bsr instruction contents of pc are lost h notation: pc h : pc l : r1l: sp: upper byte of program counter lower byte of program counter general register r1l stack pointer 76
3.4.2 notes on rewriting port mode registers when a port mode register is rewritten to switch the functions of external interrupt pins, the following points should be observed. when an external interrupt pin function is switched by rewriting the port mode register that controls pins irq 3 to irq 1 , the interrupt request flag may be set to 1 at the time the pin function is switched, even if no valid interrupt is input at the pin. table 3-5 shows the conditions under which interrupt request flags are set to 1 in this way. table 3-5 conditions under which interrupt request flag is set to 1 interrupt request flags set to 1 conditions irr1 irri3 when pmr1 bit irq3 is changed from 0 to 1 while pin irq 3 is low and iegr bit ieg3 = 0. when pmr1 bit irq3 is changed from 1 to 0 while pin irq 3 is low and iegr bit ieg3 = 1. irri2 when pmr1 bit irq2 is changed from 0 to 1 while pin irq 2 is low and iegr bit ieg2 = 0. when pmr1 bit irq2 is changed from 1 to 0 while pin irq 2 is low and iegr bit ieg2 = 1. irri1 when pmr1 bit irq1 is changed from 0 to 1 while pin irq 1 is low and iegr bit ieg1 = 0. when pmr1 bit irq1 is changed from 1 to 0 while pin irq 1 is low and iegr bit ieg1 = 1. figure 3-7 shows the procedure for setting a bit in a port mode register and clearing the interrupt request flag. when switching a pin function, mask the interrupt before setting the bit in the port mode register. after accessing the port mode register, execute at least one instruction (e.g., nop), then clear the interrupt request flag from 1 to 0. be sure to clear the flag is executed immediately after the port mode register access without executing an intervening instruction, the flag will not be cleared. an alternative method is to avoid the setting of interrupt request flags when pin functions are switched by keeping the pins at the high level so that the conditions in table 3-5 do not occur. 77
figure 3-7 port mode register setting and interrupt request flag clearing procedure ccr i bit 1 set port mode register bit execute nop instruction interrupts masked. (another possibility is to disable the relevant interrupt in interrupt enable register 1.) after setting the port mode register bit, first execute at least one instruction (e.g., nop), then clear the interrupt request flag to 0 interrupt mask cleared clear interrupt request flag to 0 ? ccr i bit 0 ? 78
section 4 clock pulse generators 4.1 overview clock oscillator circuitry (cpg: clock pulse generator) is provided on-chip, including both a system clock pulse generator and a subclock pulse generator. the system clock pulse generator consists of a system clock oscillator and system clock dividers. the subclock pulse generator consists of a subclock oscillator circuit and a subclock divider. 4.1.1 block diagram figure 4-1 shows a block diagram of the clock pulse generators. figure 4-1 block diagram of clock pulse generators 4.1.2 system clock and subclock the basic clock signals that drive the cpu and on-chip peripheral modules are ?and sub . four of the clock signals have names: ?is the system clock, sub is the subclock, osc is the oscillator clock, and w is the watch clock. the clock signals available for use by peripheral modules are ?2, ?4, ?8, ?16, ?32, ?64, ?128, ?256, ?512, ?1024, ?2048, ?4096, ?8192, w /2, w /4, w /8, w /16, w /32, w /64, and w /128. the clock requirements differ from one module to another. system clock oscillator system clock divider (1/2) subclock oscillator subclock divider (1/2, 1/4, 1/8) system clock divider (1/64, 1/32, 1/16, 1/8) system clock pulse generator subclock pulse generator prescaler s (13 bits) prescaler w (5 bits) osc osc 1 2 x x 1 2 osc (f ) osc w (f ) w ? /2 osc ? /2 w ? /8 w sub ?2 to ?8192 ? /2 w ? /4 w ? /8 to ? /128 w w osc /128 osc /64 osc /32 osc /16 ? /4 w 79
4.2 system clock generator clock pulses can be supplied to the system clock divider either by connecting a crystal or ceramic oscillator, or by providing external clock input. 1. connecting a crystal oscillator figure 4-2 shows a typical method of connecting a crystal oscillator. figure 4-2 typical connection to crystal oscillator figure 4-3 shows the equivalent circuit of a crystal oscillator. an oscillator having the characteristics given in table 4-1 should be used. figure 4-3 equivalent circuit of crystal oscillator table 4-1 crystal oscillator parameters frequency (mhz) 2 4 8 10 r s max ( ) 500 100 50 30 c 0 (pf) 7 pf max c s c 0 r s osc 1 osc 2 l s 1 2 c 1 c 2 osc osc r = 1 m ?0% c = c = 12 pf ?0% f 12 w r f 80
2. connecting a ceramic oscillator figure 4-4 shows a typical method of connecting a ceramic oscillator. figure 4-4 typical connection to ceramic oscillator 3. notes on board design when generating clock pulses by connecting a crystal or ceramic oscillator, pay careful attention to the following points. avoid running signal lines close to the oscillator circuit, since the oscillator may be adversely affected by induction currents. (see figure 4-5.) the board should be designed so that the oscillator and load capacitors are located as close as possible to pins osc 1 and osc 2 . figure 4-5 board design of oscillator circuit osc osc c 2 c 1 signal a signal b 2 1 to be avoided 1 2 c 1 c 2 osc osc r = 1 m ?0% c = 30 pf ?0% c = 30 pf ?0% ceramic oscillator: murata f 1 2 w r f 81
4. external clock input method connect an external clock signal to pin osc 1 , and leave pin osc 2 open. figure 4-6 shows a typical connection. figure 4-6 external clock input (example) frequency oscillator clock ( osc ) duty cycle 45% to 55% 1 2 osc osc external clock input open 82
4.3 subclock generator 1. connecting a 32.768-khz crystal oscillator clock pulses can be supplied to the subclock divider by connecting a 32.768-khz crystal oscillator, as shown in figure 4-7. follow the same precautions as noted under 4.2.3, note on board design, for the system clock. figure 4-7 typical connection to 32.768-khz crystal oscillator figure 4-8 shows the equivalent circuit of the 32.768-khz crystal oscillator. figure 4-8 equivalent circuit of 32.768-khz crystal oscillator c s c 0 lr s x 1 x 2 c = 1.5 pf typ r = 14 k typ f = 32.768 khz crystal oscillator: 0 s w w s mx38t (nihon denpa kogyo) x x c 1 c 2 1 2 c = c = 15 pf (typ.) 12 83
2. pin connection when not using subclock when the subclock is not used, connect pin x 1 to v cc and leave pin x 2 open, as shown in figure 4-9. figure 4-9 pin connection when not using subclock x x 1 2 v cc open 84
4.4 prescalers the h8/3657 series is equipped with two on-chip prescalers having different input clocks (prescaler s and prescaler w). prescaler s is a 13-bit counter using the system clock (? as its input clock. its prescaled outputs provide internal clock signals for on-chip peripheral modules. prescaler w is a 5- bit counter using a 32.768-khz signal divided by 4 ( w /4) as its input clock. its prescaled outputs are used by timer a as a time base for timekeeping. 1. prescaler s (pss) prescaler s is a 13-bit counter using the system clock (? as its input clock. it is incremented once per clock period. prescaler s is initialized to h'0000 by a reset, and starts counting on exit from the reset state. in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, and subsleep mode, the system clock pulse generator stops. prescaler s also stops and is initialized to h'0000. the cpu cannot read or write prescaler s. the output from prescaler s is shared by the on-chip peripheral modules. the divider ratio can be set separately for each on-chip peripheral function. in active (medium-speed) mode the clock input to prescaler s is determined by the division factor designated by ma1 and ma0. 2. prescaler w (psw) prescaler w is a 5-bit counter using a 32.768 khz signal divided by 4 ( w /4) as its input clock. prescaler w is initialized to h'00 by a reset, and starts counting on exit from the reset state. even in standby mode, watch mode, subactive mode, or subsleep mode, prescaler w continues functioning so long as clock signals are supplied to pins x 1 and x 2 . prescaler w can be reset by setting 1s in bits tma3 and tma2 of timer mode register a (tma). output from prescaler w can be used to drive timer a, in which case timer a functions as a time base for timekeeping. 85
4.5 note on oscillators oscillator characteristics are closely related to board design and should be carefully evaluated by the user for both mask rom and ztat versions, referring to the oscillator element connection examples shown in this section. oscillator circuit constants will differ depending on the oscillator element, stray capacitance in its interconnecting circuit, and other factors. suitable constants should be determined in consultation with the oscillator element manufacturer. design the circuit so that the oscillator element never receives voltages exceeding its maximum rating. 86
section 5 power-down modes 5.1 overview the h8/3657 series has eight modes of operation after a reset. these include seven power-down modes, in which power dissipation is significantly reduced. table 5-1 gives a summary of the eight operating modes. table 5-1 operating modes operating mode description active (high-speed) mode the cpu and all on-chip peripheral functions are operable on the system clock active (medium-speed) mode the cpu and all on-chip peripheral functions are operable on the system clock, but at 1/64, 1/32, 1/6, or 1/8 * the speed in active (high-speed) mode subactive mode the cpu, and the time-base function of timer a are operable on the subclock sleep (high-speed) mode the cpu halts. on-chip peripheral functions except pwm are operable on the system clock sleep (medium-speed) mode the cpu halts. on-chip peripheral functions except pwm are operable on the system clock, but at 1/64, 1/32, 1/6, or 1/8 * the speed in active (high-speed) mode subsleep mode the cpu halts. the time-base function of timer a are operable on the subclock watch mode the cpu halts. the time-base function of timer a is operable on the subclock standby mode the cpu and all on-chip peripheral functions halt note: * determined by the value set in bits ma1 and ma0 of system control register 1 (syscr1). of these eight operating modes, all but the active (high-speed) mode are power-down modes. in this section the two active modes (high-speed and medium speed) will be referred to collectively as active mode, and the two sleep modes (high-speed and medium speed) will be referred to collectively as sleep mode. 87
figure 5-1 shows the transitions among these operation modes. table 5-2 indicates the internal states in each mode. figure 5-1 mode transition diagram reset state program halt state sleep instruction * d sleep instruction * e sleep instruction * c sleep instruction * h sleep instruction * i sleep instruction * g sleep instruction * f program execution state sleep instruction * a program halt state sleep instruction * i power-down modes a transition between different modes cannot be made to occur simply because an interrupt request is generated. make sure that interrupt handling is performed after the interrupt is accepted. details on the mode transition conditions are given in the explanations of each mode, in sections 5-2 through 5-8. notes: 1. 2. mode transition conditions (1) a b c d e f g h i j lson mson ssby dton 0 0 1 0 [ 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 [ [ [ 0 1 1 [ 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 [ don? care mode transition conditions (2) 1 interrupt sources timer a interrupt, irq 0 interrupt timer a interrupt, irq 3 to irq 0 interrupts, int interrupt all interrupts irq 1 or irq 0 interrupt 2 3 4 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 1 * 4 * 4 * 1 standby mode watch mode subactive mode active (medium-speed) mode active (high-speed) mode sleep (high-speed) mode sleep (medium-speed) mode subsleep mode sleep instruction * a sleep instruction * e sleep instruction * d sleep instruction * b sleep instruction * j * 1 sleep instruction * e sleep instruction * b tma3 [ [ 1 0 1 [ [ 1 1 1 88
table 5-2 internal state in each operating mode active mode sleep mode high- medium- high- medium- watch subactive subsleep standby function speed speed speed speed mode mode mode mode system clock oscillator functions functions functions functions halted halted halted halted subclock oscillator functions functions functions functions functions functions functions functions cpu instructions functions functions halted halted halted functions halted halted operations registers retained retained retained retained retained ram i/o ports retained * 1 external irq 0 functions functions functions functions functions functions functions functions interrupts irq 1 retained * 2 irq 2 retained * 2 irq 3 int 0 functions functions functions functions retained * 2 functions functions retained * 2 int 1 int 2 int 3 int 4 int 5 int 6 int 7 peripheral timer a functions functions functions functions functions * 3 functions * 3 functions * 3 retained functions timer b1 retained retained retained timer v reset reset reset reset timer x watchdog retained retained retained retained timer sci1 sci3 reset reset reset reset pwm retained retained retained retained retained retained a/d converter functions functions notes: 1. register contents are retained, but output is high-impedance state. 2. external interrupt requests are ignored. interrupt request register contents are not altered. 3. functions if timekeeping time-base function is selected. 89
5.1.1 system control registers the operation mode is selected using the system control registers described in table 5-3. table 5-3 system control registers name abbreviation r/w initial value address system control register 1 syscr1 r/w h'07 h'fff0 system control register 2 syscr2 r/w h'e0 h'fff1 1. system control register 1 (syscr1) syscr1 is an 8-bit read/write register for control of the power-down modes. upon reset, syscr1 is initialized to h'07. bit 7: software standby (ssby) this bit designates transition to standby mode or watch mode. bit 7 ssby description 0 when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition (initial value) is made to sleep mode when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to subsleep mode 1 when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to standby mode or watch mode when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to watch mode bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w 3 lson 0 r/w 0 ma0 1 r/w 2 1 1 ma1 1 r/w 90
bits 6 to 4: standby timer select 2 to 0 (sts2 to sts0) these bits designate the time the cpu and peripheral modules wait for stable clock operation after exiting from standby mode or watch mode to active mode due to an interrupt. the designation should be made according to the clock frequency so that the waiting time is at least 10 ms. bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 sts2 sts1 sts0 description 0 0 0 wait time = 8,192 states (initial value) 0 0 1 wait time = 16,384 states 0 1 0 wait time = 32,768 states 0 1 1 wait time = 65,536 states 1 ** wait time = 131,072 states note: * don? care bit 3: low speed on flag (lson) this bit chooses the system clock (? or subclock ( sub ) as the cpu operating clock when watch mode is cleared. the resulting operation mode depends on the combination of other control bits and interrupt input. bit 3 lson description 0 the cpu operates on the system clock (? (initial value) 1 the cpu operates on the subclock ( sub ) bits 2: reserved bits bit 2 is reserved: it is always read as 1 and cannot be modified. bits 1 and 0: active (medium-speed) mode clock select (ma1, ma0) bits 1 and 0 choose osc /128, osc /64, osc /32, or osc /16 as the operating clock in active (medium- speed) mode and sleep (medium-speed) mode. ma1 and ma0 should be written in active (high- speed) mode or subactive mode. bit 1 bit 0 ma1 ma0 description 00 osc /16 01 osc /32 10 osc /64 11 osc /128 (initial value) 91
2. system control register 2 (syscr2) syscr2 is an 8-bit read/write register for power-down mode control. upon reset, syscr2 is initialized to h'e0. bits 7 to 5: reserved bits these bits are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 4: noise elimination sampling frequency select (nesel) this bit selects the frequency at which the watch clock signal ( w ) generated by the subclock pulse generator is sampled, in relation to the oscillator clock ( osc ) generated by the system clock pulse generator. when osc = 2 to 10 mhz, clear nesel to 0. bit 4 nesel description 0 sampling rate is osc /16 (initial value) 1 sampling rate is osc /4 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 nesel 0 r/w 3 dton 0 r/w 0 sa0 0 r/w 2 mson 0 r/w 1 sa1 0 r/w 92
bit 3: direct transfer on flag (dton) this bit designates whether or not to make direct transitions among active (high-speed), active (medium-speed) and subactive mode when a sleep instruction is executed. the mode to which the transition is made after the sleep instruction is executed depends on a combination of this and other control bits. bit 3 dton description 0 when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition (initial value) is made to standby mode, watch mode, or sleep mode when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to watch mode or subsleep mode 1 when a sleep instruction is executed in active (high-speed) mode, a direct transition is made to active (medium-speed) mode if ssby = 0, mson = 1, and lson = 0, or to subactive mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, and lson = 1 when a sleep instruction is executed in active (medium-speed) mode, a direct transition is made to active (high-speed) mode if ssby = 0, mson = 0, and lson = 0, or to subactive mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, and lson = 1 when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a direct transition is made to active (high-speed) mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, lson = 0, and mson = 0, or to active (medium-speed) mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, lson = 0, and mson = 1 bit 2: medium speed on flag (mson) after standby, watch, or sleep mode is cleared, this bit selects active (high-speed) or sleep (high- speed) mode, and active (medium speed) or sleep (medium-speed) mode. bit 2 mson description 0 after standby, watch, or sleep mode is cleared, operation is in active (high-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to sleep (high-speed) mode 1 after standby, watch, or sleep mode is cleared, operation is in active (medium-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to sleep (medium-speed) mode 93
bits 1 and 0: subactive mode clock select (sa1 and sa0) these bits select the cpu clock rate ( w /2, w /4, or w /8) in subactive mode. sa1 and sa0 cannot be modified in subactive mode. bit 1 bit 0 sa1 sa0 description 00 w /8 (initial value) 01 w /4 1 * w /2 note: * don? care 94
5.2 sleep mode 5.2.1 transition to sleep mode 1. transition to sleep (high-speed) mode the system goes from active mode to sleep (high-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 and the mson and dton bits in syscr2 are all cleared to 0. in sleep (high-speed) mode cpu operation is halted but the on-chip peripheral functions other than pwm are operational. cpu register contents are retained. 2. transition to sleep (medium-speed) mode the system goes from active mode to sleep (medium-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 are cleared to 0, the mson bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the dton bit in syscr2 is cleared to 0. in sleep (medium-speed) mode, as in sleep (high-speed) mode, cpu operation is halted but the on-chip peripheral functions other than pwm are operational. the clock frequency in sleep (medium-speed) mode is determined by the ma1 and ma0 bits in syscr1. cpu register contents are retained. 5.2.2 clearing sleep mode sleep mode is cleared by any interrupt (timer a, timer b1, timer x, timer v, irq 3 to irq 0 , int 7 to int 0 , sci 3 , sci 1 , or a/d converter), or by input at the res pin. clearing by interrupt when an interrupt is requested, sleep mode is cleared and interrupt exception handling starts. a transition is made from sleep (high-speed) mode to active (high-speed) mode, or from sleep (medium-speed) mode to active (medium-speed) mode. sleep mode is not cleared if the i bit of the condition code register (ccr) is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. clearing by res input when the res pin goes low, the cpu goes into the reset state and sleep mode is cleared. 5.2.3 clock frequency in sleep (medium-speed) mode operation in sleep (medium-speed) mode is clocked at the frequency designated by the ma1 and ma0 bits in syscr1. 95
5.3 standby mode 5.3.1 transition to standby mode the system goes from active mode to standby mode when a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1, the lson bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, and bit tma3 in tma is cleared to 0. in standby mode the clock pulse generator stops, so the cpu and on-chip peripheral modules stop functioning, but as long as the rated voltage is supplied, the contents of cpu registers, on-chip ram, and some on-chip peripheral module registers are retained. on-chip ram contents will be further retained down to a minimum ram data retention voltage. the i/o ports go to the high-impedance state. 5.3.2 clearing standby mode standby mode is cleared by an interrupt (irq 1 or irq 0 ) or by input at the res pin. clearing by interrupt when an interrupt is requested, the system clock pulse generator starts. after the time set in bits sts2?ts0 in syscr1 has elapsed, a stable system clock signal is supplied to the entire chip, standby mode is cleared, and interrupt exception handling starts. operation resumes in active (high- speed) mode if mson = 0 in syscr2, or active (medium-speed) mode if mson = 1. standby mode is not cleared if the i bit of ccr is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. clearing by res input when the res pin goes low, the system clock pulse generator starts. after the pulse generator output has stabilized, if the res pin is driven high, the cpu starts reset exception handling. since system clock signals are supplied to the entire chip as soon as the system clock pulse generator starts functioning, the res pin should be kept at the low level until the pulse generator output stabilizes. 96
5.3.3 oscillator settling time after standby mode is cleared bits sts2 to sts0 in syscr1 should be set as follows. when a crystal oscillator is used the table below gives settings for various operating frequencies. set bits sts2 to sts0 for a waiting time of at least 10 ms. when an external clock is used any values may be set. normally the minimum time (sts2 = sts1 = sts0 = 0) should be set. table 5-3 clock frequency and settling time (times are in ms) sts2 sts1 sts0 waiting time 5 mhz 4 mhz 2 mhz 1 mhz 0.5 mhz 0 0 0 8,192 states 1.6 2.0 4.1 8.2 0 0 1 16,384 states 3.2 4.1 8.2 32.8 0 1 0 32,768 states 6.6 8.2 32.8 65.5 0 1 1 65,536 states 32.8 65.5 131.1 1 ** 131,072 states 26.2 32.8 65.5 131.1 262.1 note: * don? care 16.4 13.1 16.4 16.4 16.4 97
5.4 watch mode 5.4.1 transition to watch mode the system goes from active or subactive mode to watch mode when a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1 and bit tma3 in tma is set to 1. in watch mode, operation of on-chip peripheral modules other than timer a is halted. as long as a minimum required voltage is applied, the contents of cpu registers, the on-chip ram and some registers of the on-chip peripheral modules, are retained. i/o ports keep the same states as before the transition. 5.4.2 clearing watch mode watch mode is cleared by an interrupt (timer a or irq 0 ) or by a low input at the res pin. clearing by interrupt when watch mode is cleared by a timer a interrupt or irq 0 interrupt, the mode to which a transition is made depends on the settings of lson in syscr1 and mson in syscr2. if both lson and mson are cleared to 0, transition is to active (high-speed) mode; if lson = 0 and mson = 1, transition is to active (medium-speed) mode; if lson = 1, transition is to subactive mode. when the transition is to active mode, after the time set in syscr1 bits sts2?ts0 has elapsed, a stable clock signal is supplied to the entire chip, watch mode is cleared, and interrupt exception handling starts. watch mode is not cleared if the i bit of ccr is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. clearing by res input clearing by res pin is the same as for standby mode; see 5.3.2, clearing standby mode. 5.4.3 oscillator settling time after watch mode is cleared the waiting time is the same as for standby mode; see 5.3.3, oscillator settling time after standby mode is cleared. 98
5.5 subsleep mode 5.5.1 transition to subsleep mode the system goes from subactive mode to subsleep mode when a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, lson bit in syscr1 is set to 1, and tma3 bit in tma is set to 1. in subsleep mode, operation of on-chip peripheral modules other than timer a and timer c is halted. as long as a minimum required voltage is applied, the contents of cpu registers, the on-chip ram and some registers of the on-chip peripheral modules are retained. i/o ports keep the same states as before the transition. 5.5.2 clearing subsleep mode subsleep mode is cleared by an interrupt (timer a, irq 3 to irq 0 , int 7 to int 0 ) or by a low input at the res pin. clearing by interrupt when an interrupt is requested, subsleep mode is cleared and interrupt exception handling starts. subsleep mode is not cleared if the i bit of ccr is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. clearing by res input clearing by res pin is the same as for standby mode; see 5.3.2, clearing standby mode. 99
5.6 subactive mode 5.6.1 transition to subactive mode subactive mode is entered from watch mode if a timer a or irq 0 interrupt is requested while the lson bit in syscr1 is set to 1. from subsleep mode, subactive mode is entered if a timer a, irq 3 to irq 0 , or int 7 to int 0 interrupt is requested. a transition to subactive mode does not take place if the i bit of ccr is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. 5.6.2 clearing subactive mode subactive mode is cleared by a sleep instruction or by a low input at the res pin. clearing by sleep instruction if a sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1 and tma3 bit in tma is set to 1, subactive mode is cleared and watch mode is entered. if a sleep instruction is executed while ssby = 0 and lson = 1 in syscr1 and tma3 = 1 in tma, subsleep mode is entered. direct transfer to active mode is also possible; see 5.8, direct transfer. clearing by res pin clearing by res pin is the same as for standby mode; see 5.3.2, clearing standby mode. 5.6.3 operating frequency in subactive mode the operating frequency in subactive mode is set in bits sa1 and sa0 in syscr2. the choices are w /2, w /4, and w /8. 100
5.7 active (medium-speed) mode 5.7.1 transition to active (medium-speed) mode if the lson bit in syscr2 is set to 1 while the lson bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, a transition to active (medium-speed) mode results from irq 0 or irq 1 interrupts in standby mode, timer a or irq 0 interrupts in watch mode, or any interrupt in sleep (medium-speed) mode. a transition to active (medium-speed) mode does not take place if the i bit of ccr is set to 1 or the particular interrupt is disabled in the interrupt enable register. 5.7.2 clearing active (medium-speed) mode active (medium-speed) mode is cleared by a sleep instruction or by a low input at the res pin. clearing by sleep instruction a transition to standby mode takes place if the sleep instruction is executed while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1, the lson bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, and the tma3 bit in tma is cleared to 0. the system goes to watch mode if the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1 and bit tma3 in tma is set to 1 when a sleep instruction is executed. when both ssby and lson are cleared to 0 in syscr1 and a sleep instruction is executed, sleep (high-speed) mode is entered if mson is cleared to 0 in syscr2, and sleep (medium-speed) mode is entered if mson is set to 1. direct transfer to active (high-speed) mode or to subactive mode is also possible. see 5.8, direct transfer, below for details. clearing by res pin when the res pin goes low, the cpu enters the reset state and active (medium-speed) mode is cleared. 5.7.3 operating frequency in active (medium-speed) mode operation in active (medium-speed) mode is clocked at the frequency designated by the ma1 and ma0 bits in syscr1. 101
5.8 direct transfer the cpu can execute programs in three modes: active (high-speed) mode, active (medium-speed) mode, and subactive mode. a direct transfer is a transition among these three modes without the stopping of program execution. a direct transfer can be made by executing a sleep instruction while the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1. after the mode transition, direct transfer interrupt exception handling starts. if the direct transfer interrupt is disabled in interrupt enable register 2, a transition is made instead to sleep mode or watch mode. note that if a direct transition is attempted while the i bit in ccr is set to 1, sleep mode or watch mode will be entered, and it will be impossible to clear the resulting mode by means of an interrupt. direct transfer from active (high-speed) mode to active (medium-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active (high-speed) mode while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 are cleared to 0, the mson bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, a transition is made to active (medium-speed) mode via sleep mode. direct transfer from active (medium-speed) mode to active (high-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active (medium-speed) mode while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 are cleared to 0, the mson bit in syscr2 is cleared to 0, and the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, a transition is made to active (high-speed) mode via sleep mode. direct transfer from active (high-speed) mode to subactive mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active (high-speed) mode while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 are set to 1, the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the tma3 bit in tma is set to 1, a transition is made to subactive mode via watch mode. direct transfer from subactive mode to active (high-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1, the lson bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, the mson bit in syscr2 is cleared to 0, the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the tma3 bit in tma is set to 1, a transition is made directly to active (high-speed) mode via watch mode after the waiting time set in syscr1 bits sts2 to sts0 has elapsed. 102
direct transfer from active (medium-speed) mode to subactive mode when a sleep instruction is executed in active (medium-speed) while the ssby and lson bits in syscr1 are set to 1, the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the tma3 bit in tma is set to 1, a transition is made to subactive mode via watch mode. direct transfer from subactive mode to active (medium-speed) mode when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode while the ssby bit in syscr1 is set to 1, the lson bit in syscr1 is cleared to 0, the mson bit in syscr2 is set to 1, the dton bit in syscr2 is set to 1, and the tma3 bit in tma is set to 1, a transition is made directly to active (medium-speed) mode via watch mode after the waiting time set in syscr1 bits sts2 to sts0 has elapsed. 103
section 6 rom 6.1 overview the h8/3657 has 60 kbytes of on-chip mask rom or prom. the h8/3656 has 48 kbytes of mask rom. the h8/3655 has 40 kbytes of mask rom. the h8/3654 has 32 kbytes of on-chip mask rom. the h8/3653 has 24 kbytes of mask rom. the h8/3652 has 16 kbytes of mask rom. the rom is connected to the cpu by a 16-bit data bus, allowing high-speed two-state access for both byte data and word data. 6.1.1 block diagram figure 6-1 shows a block diagram of the on-chip rom. figure 6-1 rom block diagram (h8/3657) h'edfe h'edff internal data bus (upper 8 bits) internal data bus (lower 8 bits) even-numbered address odd-numbered address h'edfe h'0002 h'0000 h'0000 h'0002 h'0001 h'0003 on-chip rom 105
6.2 prom mode 6.2.1 setting to prom mode if the on-chip rom is prom, setting the chip to prom mode stops operation as a microcontroller and allows the prom to be programmed in the same way as the standard hn27c101 eprom. table 6-1 shows how to set the chip to prom mode. table 6-1 setting to prom mode pin name setting test high level pb 4 /an 4 low level pb 5 /an 5 pb 6 /an 6 high level 6.2.2 socket adapter pin arrangement and memory map a standard prom programmer can be used to program the prom. a socket adapter is required for conversion to 32 pins, as listed in table 6-2. figure 6-2 shows the pin-to-pin wiring of the socket adapter. figure 6-3 shows a memory map. table 6-2 socket adapter package socket adapter 80-pin (tfp-80f) 80-pin (tfp-80c) 80-pin (fp-80a) 80-pin (fp-80b) 106
figure 6-2 socket adapter pin correspondence (with hn27c101) h8/3657 note: pins not indicated in the figure should be left open. eprom socket res p6 0 p6 1 p6 2 p6 3 p6 4 p6 5 p6 6 p6 7 p8 7 p8 6 p8 5 p8 4 p8 3 p8 2 p8 1 p8 0 p1 5 0 irq p1 7 p7 3 p7 4 p7 5 p7 6 p7 7 p1 6 p2 2 p3 0 p3 1 av cc test x 1 pb 6 p2 0 p2 1 p3 2 v ss av ss pb 4 pb 5 hn27ci01 (32-pin) 1 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 27 26 23 25 4 28 29 3 2 22 24 31 32 16 pin v pp eo 0 eo 1 eo 2 eo 3 eo 4 eo 5 eo 6 eo 7 ea 0 ea 1 ea 2 ea 3 ea 4 ea 5 ea 6 ea 7 ea 8 ea 9 ea 10 ea 11 ea 12 ea 13 ea 14 ea 15 ea 16 ce oe pgm v cc v ss 12 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 73 19 75 39 40 41 42 54 55 43 74 62 13, 53 76 6 8 78 60 61 56 9, 52 5 80 79 v cc pin tfp-80c, tfp-80f fp-80a 14 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 75 21 77 41 42 43 44 56 57 45 76 64 15, 55 78 8 10 80 62 63 58 11, 54 7 2 1 fp-80b 107
figure 6-3 memory map in prom mode on-chip prom missing area h'0000 h'edff h'0000 h'edff h'1ffff address in mcu mode address in prom mode * note: * if read in prom mode, this address area returns unpredictable output data. when programming with a prom programmer, be sure to specify addresses from h'0000 to h'edff. if address h'ee00 and higher addresses are programmed by mistake, it may become impossible to program the prom or verify the programmed data. when programming, assign h'ff data to this address area (h'ee00 to h'1ffff). 108
6.3 programming the write, verify, and other modes are selected as shown in table 6-3 in h8/3657 prom mode. table 6-3 mode selection in h8/3657 prom mode pin mode ce oe pgm v pp v cc eo 7 to eo 0 ea 16 to ea 0 write l h l v pp v cc data input address input verify l l h v pp v cc data output address input lll v pp v cc high impedance address input lhh hl l hhh notation l: low level h: high level v pp :v pp level v cc :v cc level the specifications for writing and reading the on-chip prom are identical to those for the standard hn27c101 eprom. page programming is not supported, however. the prom writer must not be set to page mode. a prom programmer that provides only page programming mode cannot be used. when selecting a prom programer, check that it supports a byte-by-byte high-speed, high- reliability programming method. be sure to set the address range to h'0000 to h'edff. 6.3.1 writing and verifying an efficient, high-speed, high-reliability method is available for writing and verifying the prom data. this method achieves high speed without voltage stress on the device and without lowering the reliability of written data. the basic flow of this high-speed, high-reliability programming method is shown in figure 6-4. 109 programming disabled
figure 6-4 high-speed, high-reliability programming flow chart start set write/verify mode v = 6.0 v 0.25 v, v = 12.5 v 0.3 v cc pp address = 0 n = 0 n + 1 n ? pw verify write time t = 0.2n ms opw last address? set read mode v = 5.0 v 0.25 v, v = v cc pp cc all addresses read? end error n 25 < address + 1 address ? no yes no go go yes no no yes write time t = 0.2 ms 5% 110
table 6-4 and table 6-5 give the electrical characteristics in programming mode. table 6-4 dc characteristics (conditions: v cc = 6.0 v ?.25 v, v pp = 12.5 v ?.3 v, v ss = 0 v, t a = 25? ??) test item symbol min typ max unit conditions input high- eo 7 to eo 0 , ea 16 to ea 0 v ih 2.4 v cc + 0.3 v level voltage oe, ce, pgm input low- eo 7 to eo 0 , ea 16 to ea 0 v il ?.3 0.8 v level voltage oe, ce, pgm output high- eo 7 to eo 0 v oh 2.4 v i oh = ?00 ? level voltage output low- eo 7 to eo 0 v ol 0.45 v i ol = 0.8 ma level voltage input leakage eo 7 to eo 0 , ea 16 to ea 0 |i li | 2 av in = 5.25 v/ current oe, ce, pgm 0.5 v v cc current i cc 40 ma v pp current i pp 40 ma 111
table 6-5 ac characteristics (conditions: v cc = 6.0 v ?.25 v, v pp = 12.5 v ?.3 v, t a = 25? ??) test item symbol min typ max unit conditions address setup time t as 2 s figure 6-5 * 1 oe setup time t oes 2 s data setup time t ds 2 s address hold time t ah 0 s data hold time t dh 2 s data output disable time t df * 2 130 ns v pp setup time t vps 2 s programming pulse width t pw 0.19 0.20 0.21 ms pgm pulse width for overwrite t opw * 3 0.19 5.25 ms programming v cc setup time t vcs 2 s ce setup time t ces 2 s data output delay time t oe 0 200 ns notes: 1. input pulse level: 0.45 v to 2.4 v input rise time/fall time 20 ns timing reference levels input: 0.8 v, 2.0 v output: 0.8 v, 2.0 v 2. t df is defined at the point at which the output is floating and the output level cannot be read. 3. t opw is defined by the value given in figure 6-4 high-speed, high-reliability programming flow chart. 112
figure 6-5 shows a write/verify timing diagram. figure 6-5 prom write/verify timing address data v pp v cc ce pgm oe v pp v cc v +1 cc v cc write verify input data output data t as t ds t vps t vcs t ces t pw t opw * t dh t oes t oe t df t ah note: * t is defined by the value given in figure 6-4 high-speed, high-reliability programming flow chart. opw 113
6.3.2 programming precautions use the specified programming voltage and timing. the programming voltage in prom mode (v pp ) is 12.5 v. use of a higher voltage can permanently damage the chip. be especially careful with respect to prom programmer overshoot. setting the prom programmer to hitachi specifications for the hn27c101 will result in correct v pp of 12.5 v. make sure the index marks on the prom programmer socket, socket adapter, and chip are properly aligned. if they are not, the chip may be destroyed by excessive current flow. before programming, be sure that the chip is properly mounted in the prom programmer. avoid touching the socket adapter or chip while programming, since this may cause contact faults and write errors. select the programming mode carefully. the chip cannot be programmed in page programming mode. when programming with a prom programmer, be sure to specify addresses from h'0000 to h'edff. if address h'ee00 and higher addresses are programmed by mistake, it may become impossible to program the prom or verify the programmed data. when programming, assign h'ff data to the address area from h'ee00 to h'1ffff. 114
6.4 reliability of programmed data a highly effective way of assuring data retention characteristics after programming is to screen the chips by baking them at a temperature of 150?. this quickly eliminates prom memory cells prone to initial data retention failure. figure 6-6 shows a flowchart of this screening procedure. figure 6-6 recommended screening procedure if write errors occur repeatedly while the same prom programmer is being used, stop programming and check for problems in the prom programmer and socket adapter, etc. please notify your hitachi representative of any problems occurring during programming or in screening after high-temperature baking. install write program and verify contents bake at high temperature with power off 125 c to 150 c, 24 hrs to 48 hrs read and check program 115
section 7 ram 7.1 overview the h8/3657 series has 1 kbyte or 2 kbytes of high-speed static ram on-chip. the ram is connected to the cpu by a 16-bit data bus, allowing high-speed 2-state access for both byte data and word data. 7.1.1 block diagram figure 7-1 shows a block diagram of the on-chip ram. figure 7-1 ram block diagram (example of 2 kbytes rom) h'ff7e h'ff7f internal data bus (upper 8 bits) internal data bus (lower 8 bits) even-numbered address odd-numbered address h'ff7e h'f782 h'e780 h'f780 h'f782 h'f781 h'f783 on-chip ram 117
section 8 i/o ports 8.1 overview the h8/3657 series is provided with six 8-bit i/o ports, one 6-bit i/o port, one 5-bit i/o ports, and one 8-bit input-only port. table 8-1 indicates the functions of each port. each port has of a port control register (pcr) that controls input and output, and a port data register (pdr) for storing output data. input or output can be assigned to individual bits. see 2.9.2, notes on bit manipulation, for information on executing bit-manipulation instructions to write data in pcr or pdr. block diagrams of each port are given in appendix c. table 8-1 port functions function switching port description pins other functions register port 1 8-bit i/o port p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv external interrupt 3, timer v trigger pmr1 mos input pull-up p1 6 to p1 5 / input option irq 2 to irq 1 external interrupts 2 and 1 p1 4 /pwm 14-bit pwm output pmr1 p1 3 to p1 1 p1 0 /tmow timer a clock output pmr1 port 2 8-bit i/o port p2 7 to p2 3 p2 2 /txd sci3 data output pmr7 p2 1 /rxd sci3 data input scr3 p2 0 /sck 1 sci3 clock input/output scr3, smr port 3 6-bit i/o port p3 5 to p3 3 mos input pull-up p3 2 /so 1 sci1 data output (so 1 ), data input pmr3 option p3 1 /si 1 (si 1 ), clock input/output (sck 1 ) p3 0 /sck 1 port 5 8-bit i/o port p5 7 /int 7 int interrupt 7 mos input pull-up p5 6 /int 6 / int interrupt 6 tmib timer b 1 event input p5 5 /int 5 / int interrupt 5 adtrg a/d converter external trigger input p5 4 to p5 0 / int interrupts 4 to 0 int 4 to int 0 119
table 8-1 port functions (cont) function switching port description pins other functions register port 6 8-bit i/o port p6 7 to p6 0 port 7 8-bit i/o port p7 7 p7 6 /tmov timer v compare-match output tcsrv p7 5 /tmciv timer v clock input p7 4 /tmriv timer v reset input p7 3 to p7 0 port 8 8-bit i/o port p8 7 p8 6 /ftid timer x input capture d input p8 5 /ftic timer x input capture c input p8 4 /ftib timer x input capture b input p8 3 /ftia timer x input capture a input p8 2 /ftob timer x output compare b output tocr p8 1 /ftoa timer x output compare a output tocr p8 0 /ftci timer x clock input port 9 5-bit i/o port p9 0 to p9 4 port b 8-bit input port pb 7 to pb 0 / a/d converter analog input an 7 to an 0 (an 7 to an 0 ) 120
8.2 port 1 8.2.1 overview port 1 is a 8-bit i/o port. figure 8-1 shows its pin configuration. figure 8-1 port 1 pin configuration 8.2.2 register configuration and description table 8-2 shows the port 1 register configuration. table 8-2 port 1 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 1 pdr1 r/w h'00 h'ffd4 port control register 1 pcr1 w h'00 h'ffe4 port pull-up control register 1 pucr1 r/w h'00 h'ffed port mode register 1 pmr1 r/w h'04 h'fffc p1 /irq /trgv p1 /irq p1 /irq p1 /pwm p1 p1 p1 p1 /tmow 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 2 1 port 1 121
1. port data register 1 (pdr1) pdr1 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 1 pins p1 7 and p1 0 . if port 1 is read while pcr1 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr1 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 1 is read while pcr1 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr1 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 1 (pcr1) pcr1 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 1 pins p1 7 and p1 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr1 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. the settings in pcr1 and in pdr1 are valid only when the corresponding pin is designated in pmr1 as a general i/o pin. upon reset, pcr1 is initialized to h'00. pcr1 is a write-only register, which is always read as all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 pcr1 0 w 6 pcr1 0 w 5 pcr1 0 w 4 pcr1 0 w 3 pcr1 0 w 0 pcr1 0 w 2 pcr1 0 w 1 pcr1 0 w 7654 0 1 2 3 bit initial value read/write 7 p1 0 r/w 6 p1 0 r/w 5 p1 0 r/w 4 p1 0 r/w 3 p1 0 r/w 0 0 2 p1 0 r/w 1 p1 0 r/w 7654321 122
3. port pull-up control register 1 (pucr1) pucr1 controls whether the mos pull-up of each of the port 1 pins p1 7 and p1 0 is on or off. when a pcr1 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr1 bit to 1 turns on the mos pull-up for the corresponding pin, while clearing the bit to 0 turns off the mos pull-up. upon reset, pucr1 is initialized to h'00. 4. port mode register 1 (pmr1) pmr1 is an 8-bit read/write register, controlling the selection of pin functions for port 1 pins. upon reset, pmr1 is initialized to h'04. bit 7: p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv pin function switch (irq3) this bit selects whether pin p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv is used as p1 7 or as irq 3 /trgv. bit 7 irq3 description 0 functions as p1 7 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as irq 3 /trgv input pin note: rising or falling edge sensing can be designated for irq 3 . rising, falling, or both edge sensing can be designated for trgv. for details on trgv settings, see 9.8.2 (5), timer control register v1 (tcrv1). bit initial value read/write 7 irq3 0 r/w 6 irq2 0 r/w 5 irq1 0 r/w 4 pwm 0 r/w 3 0 0 tmow 0 r/w 2 1 1 0 bit initial value read/write 7 pucr1 0 r/w 6 pucr1 0 r/w 5 pucr1 0 r/w 4 pucr1 0 r/w 3 pucr1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w 2 pucr1 0 r/w 1 pucr1 0 r/w 7654321 123
bit 6: p1 6 /irq 2 pin function switch (irq2) this bit selects whether pin p1 6 /irq 2 is used as p1 6 or as irq 2 . bit 6 irq2 description 0 functions as p1 6 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as irq 2 input pin note: rising or falling edge sensing can be designated for irq 2 . bit 5: p1 5 /irq 1 pin function switch (irq1) this bit selects whether pin p1 5 /irq 1 is used as p1 5 or as irq 1 . bit 5 irq1 description 0 functions as p1 5 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as irq 1 input pin note: rising or falling edge sensing can be designated for irq 1 . bit 4: p1 4 /pwm pin function switch (pwm) this bit selects whether pin p1 4 /pwm is used as p1 4 or as pwm. bit 4 pwm description 0 functions as p1 4 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as pwm output pin bit 3: reserved bit bit 3 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 2: reserved bit bit 2 is reserved: it is always read as 1 and cannot be modified. bit 1: reserved bit bit 1 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. 124
bit 0: p1 0 /tmow pin function switch (tmow) this bit selects whether pin p1 0 /tmow is used as p1 0 or as tmow. bit 0 tmow description 0 functions as p1 0 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as tmow output pin 8.2.3 pin functions table 8-3 shows the port 1 pin functions. table 8-3 port 1 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv the pin function depends on bit irq3 in pmr1 and bit pcr1 7 in pcr1. irq3 0 1 pcr1 7 01 * pin function p1 7 input pin p1 7 output pin irq 3 /trgv input pin p1 6 /irq 2 the pin function depends on bits irq2 and irq1 in pmr1 and bit pcr1 n in pcr1. p1 5 /irq 1 (m = n ?4, n = 6, 5) irqm 0 1 pcr1 n 01 * pin function p1 n input pin p1 n output pin irq m input pin p1 4 /pwm the pin function depends on bit pwm in pmr1 and bit pcr1 4 in pcr1. pwm 0 1 pcr1 4 01 * pin function p1 4 input pin p1 4 output pin pwm output pin p1 3 to p1 1 the pin function depends on bit pcr1n in pcr1. (n = 3 to 1) pcr1n 0 1 pin function p1 n input pin p1 n output pin 125
table 8-3 port 1 pin functions (cont) pin pin functions and selection method p1 0 /tmow the pin function depends on bit tmow in pmr1 and bit pcr1 0 in pcr1. tmow 0 1 pcr1 0 01 * pin function p1 0 input pin p1 0 output pin tmow output pin note: * don? care 8.2.4 pin states table 8-4 shows the port 1 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-4 port 1 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p1 6 /irq 2 impedance previous previous impedance * previous p1 5 /irq 1 state state state p1 4 /pwm p1 3 to p1 1 p1 0 /tmow note: * a high-level signal is output when the mos pull-up is in the on state. 8.2.5 mos input pull-up port 1 has a built-in mos input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. when a pcr1 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr1 bit to 1 turns on the mos input pull-up for that pin. the mos input pull-up function is in the off state after a reset. pcr1 n 01 pucr1 n 01 * mos input pull-up off on off note: * don? care n = 7 to 0 126
8.3 port 2 8.3.1 overview port 2 is a 8-bit i/o port, configured as shown in figure 8-2. figure 8-2 port 2 pin configuration 8.3.2 register configuration and description table 8-5 shows the port 2 register configuration. table 8-5 port 2 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 2 pdr2 r/w h'00 h'ffd5 port control register 2 pcr2 w h'00 h'ffe5 1. port data register 2 (pdr2) pdr2 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 2 pins p2 7 to p2 0 . if port 2 is read while pcr2 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr2 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 2 is read while pcr2 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr2 is initialized to h'00. bit initial value read/write 7 p2 0 r/w 6 p2 0 r/w 5 p2 0 r/w 4 p2 0 r/w 3 p2 0 r/w 0 p2 0 r/w 2 p2 0 r/w 1 p2 0 r/w 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 p2 /txd p2 /rxd p2 /sck 2 1 0 p2 p2 p2 p2 p2 7 6 5 4 3 port 2 3 127
2 port control register 2 (pcr2) pcr2 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 2 pins p2 7 to p2 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr2 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. the settings in pcr2 and pdr2 are valid only when the corresponding pin is designated in scr3 as a general i/o pin. upon reset, pcr2 is initialized to h'00. pcr2 is a write-only register, which is always read as all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 pcr2 0 w 6 pcr2 0 w 5 pcr2 0 w 4 pcr2 0 w 3 pcr2 0 w 0 pcr2 0 w 2 pcr2 0 w 1 pcr2 0 w 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 128
8.3.3 pin functions table 8-6 shows the port 2 pin functions. table 8-6 port 2 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p2 7 to p2 3 the pin function depends on bit pcr2 n in pcr2. (n = 7 to 3) pcr2 n 01 pin function p2 n input pin p2 n output pin p2 2 /txd the pin function depends on bit txd in pmr7 and bit pcr2 2 in pcr2. txd 0 1 pcr2 2 01 * pin function p2 2 input pin p2 2 output pin txd output pin p2 1 /rxd the pin function depends on bit re in scr3 and bit pcr2 1 in pcr2. re 0 1 pcr2 1 01 * pin function p2 1 input pin p2 1 output pin rxd input pin p2 0 /sck 3 the pin function depends on bits cke1 and cke0 in scr3, bit com in smr, and bit pcr2 0 in pcr2. cke1 0 1 cke0 0 1 * com 0 1 ** pcr2 0 01 ** pin function p2 0 input pin p2 0 output pin sck 3 output pin sck 3 input pin note: * don? care 129
8.3.4 pin states table 8-7 shows the port 2 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-7 port 2 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p2 7 to p2 3 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p2 2 /txd impedance previous previous impedance previous p2 1 /rxd state state state p2 0 /sck 3 130
8.4 port 3 8.4.1 overview port 3 is a 6-bit i/o port, configured as shown in figure 8-3. figure 8-3 port 3 pin configuration 8.4.2 register configuration and description table 8-8 shows the port 3 register configuration. table 8-8 port 3 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 3 pdr3 r/w h'00 h'ffd6 port control register 3 pcr3 w h'00 h'ffe6 port pull-up control register 3 pucr3 r/w h'00 h'ffee port mode register 3 pmr3 r/w h'00 h'fffd port mode register 7 pmr7 r/w h'f8 h'ffff p3 /so p3 /si p3 /sck 2 1 0 p3 p3 p3 5 4 3 port 3 1 1 1 131
1. port data register 3 (pdr3) note: * bits 7 to 3 are reserved; they are always read as 0 and cannot be modified. pdr3 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 3 pins p3 5 to p3 0 . if port 3 is read while pcr3 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr3 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 3 is read while pcr3 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr3 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 3 (pcr3) pcr3 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 3 pins p3 5 to p3 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr3 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. the settings in pcr3 and in pdr3 are valid only when the corresponding pin is designated in pmr3 as a general i/o pin. upon reset, pcr3 is initialized to h'00. pcr3 is a write-only register, which is always read as all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 pcr3 0 w 4 pcr3 0 w 3 pcr3 0 w 0 pcr3 0 w 2 pcr3 0 w 1 pcr3 0 w 2 3 4 510 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 p3 0 r/w 4 p3 0 r/w 3 p3 0 r/w 0 p3 0 r/w 2 p3 0 r/w 1 p3 0 r/w 2 3 4 5 ** 10 132
3. port pull-up control register 3 (pucr3) note: * bits 7 to 3 are reserved; they are always read as 0 and cannot be modified. pucr3 controls whether the mos pull-up of each of the port 3 pins p3 5 to p3 0 is on or off. when a pcr3 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr3 bit to 1 turns on the mos pull-up for the corresponding pin, while clearing the bit to 0 turns off the mos pull-up. upon reset, pucr3 is initialized to h'00. 4. port mode register 3 (pmr3) pmr3 is an 8-bit read/write register, controlling the selection of pin functions for port 3 pins. upon reset, pmr3 is initialized to h'00. bits 7 to 3: reserved bits bits 7 to 3 are reserved: they are always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 2: p3 2 /so 1 pin function switch (so1) this bit selects whether pin p3 2 /so 1 is used as p3 2 or as so 1 . bit 2 so1 description 0 functions as p3 2 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as so 1 output pin bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 0 sck1 0 r/w 2 so1 0 r/w 1 si1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 pucr3 0 r/w 4 pucr3 0 r/w 3 pucr3 0 r/w 0 pucr3 0 r/w 2 pucr3 0 r/w 1 pucr3 0 r/w * * 2 3 4 510 133
bit 1: p3 1 /si 1 pin function switch (si1) this bit selects whether pin p3 1 /si 1 is used as p3 1 or as si 1 . bit 1 si1 description 0 functions as p3 1 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as si 1 input pin bit 0: p3 0 /sck 1 pin function switch (sck1) this bit selects whether pin p3 0 /sck 1 is used as p3 0 or as sck 1 . bit 0 sck1 description 0 functions as p3 0 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as sck 1 i/o pin 5. port mode register 7 (pmr7) pmr7 is an 8-bit read/write register that turns the pmos transistors of pins and p3 2 /so 1 on and off. upon reset, pmr7 is initialized to h'f8. bits 7 to 3: reserved bits bits 7 to 3 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 2: p2 2 /txd pin function switch (txd) bit 2 selects whether pin p2 2 /txd is used as p2 2 or as txd. bit 2 txd description 0 functions as p2 2 i/o pin (initial value) 1 functions as txd output pin bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 pof1 0 r/w 2 txd 0 r/w 1 0 134
bit 1: reserved bit bit 1 is reserved: it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. bit 0: p3 2 /so 1 pin pmos control (pof1) this bit controls the pmos transistor in the p3 2 /so 1 pin output buffer. bit 0 pof1 description 0 cmos output (initial value) 1 nmos open-drain output 8.4.3 pin functions table 8-9 shows the port 3 pin functions. table 8-9 port 3 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p3 5 to p3 3 the pin function depends on bit pcr3n in pcr3. (n = 5 to 3) pcr3n 0 1 pin function p3 n input pin p3 n output pin p3 2 /so 1 the pin function depends on bit so1 in pmr3 and bit pcr3 2 in pcr3. so1 0 1 pcr3 2 01 * pin function p3 2 input pin p3 2 output pin so 1 output pin p3 1 /si 1 the pin function depends on bit si1 in pmr3 and bit pcr3 1 in pcr3. si1 0 1 pcr3 1 01 * pin function p3 1 input pin p3 1 output pin si 1 input pin 135
136 table 8-9 port 3 pin functions (cont) pin pin functions and selection method p3 0 /sck 1 the pin function depends on bit sck1 in pmr3, bit cks3 in scr1, and bit pcr3 0 in pcr3. sck1 0 1 cks3 * 01 pcr3 0 01 ** pin function p3 0 input pin p3 0 output pin sck 1 output pin sck 1 input pin note: * don? care 8.4.4 pin states table 8-10 shows the port 3 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-10 port 3 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p3 5 to p3 3 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p3 2 /so 1 impedance previous previous impedance * previous p3 1 /si 1 state state state p3 0 /sck 1 note: * a high-level signal is output when the mos pull-up is in the on state. 8.4.5 mos input pull-up port 3 has a built-in mos input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. when a pcr3 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr3 bit to 1 turns on the mos pull-up for that pin. the mos pull-up function is in the off state after a reset. pcr3 n 01 pucr3 n 01 * mos input pull-up off on off note: * don? care (n = 5 to 0)
8.5 port 5 8.5.1 overview port 5 is an 8-bit i/o port, configured as shown in figure 8-4. figure 8-4 port 5 pin configuration 8.5.2 register configuration and description table 8-11 shows the port 5 register configuration. table 8-11 port 5 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 5 pdr5 r/w h'00 h'ffd8 port control register 5 pcr5 w h'00 h'ffe8 port pull-up control register 5 pucr5 r/w h'00 h'ffef p5 7 /int 7 p5 6 /int 6 /tmib p5 5 /int 5 /adtrg p5 4 /int 4 p5 3 /int 3 p5 2 /int 2 p5 1 /int 1 p5 0 /int 0 port 5 137
1. port data register 5 (pdr5) pdr5 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 5 pins p5 7 to p5 0 . if port 5 is read while pcr5 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr5 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 5 is read while pcr5 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr5 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 5 (pcr5) pcr5 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 5 pins p5 7 to p5 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr5 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. upon reset, pcr5 is initialized to h'00. pcr5 is a write-only register, which is always read as all 1s. 3. port pull-up control register 5 (pucr5) pucr5 controls whether the mos pull-up of each port 5 pin is on or off. when a pcr5 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr5 bit to 1 turns on the mos pull-up for the corresponding pin, while clearing the bit to 0 turns off the mos pull-up. upon reset, pucr5 is initialized to h'00. bit initial value read/write 7 pucr5 0 r/w 6 pucr5 0 r/w 5 pucr5 0 r/w 4 pucr5 0 r/w 3 pucr5 0 r/w 0 pucr5 0 r/w 2 pucr5 0 r/w 1 pucr5 0 r/w 76543210 bit initial value read/write 7 pcr5 0 w 6 pcr5 0 w 5 pcr5 0 w 4 pcr5 0 w 3 pcr5 0 w 0 pcr5 0 w 2 pcr5 0 w 1 pcr5 0 w 76543210 bit initial value read/write 7 p5 0 r/w 6 p5 0 r/w 5 p5 0 r/w 4 p5 0 r/w 3 p5 0 r/w 0 p5 0 r/w 2 p5 0 r/w 1 p5 0 r/w 76543210 138
8.5.3 pin functions table 8-12 shows the port 5 pin functions. table 8-12 port 5 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p5 7 /int 7 the pin function depends on bit pcr5 7 in pcr5. pcr5 7 01 pin function p5 7 input pin p5 7 output pin int 7 input pin p5 6 /int 6 /tmib the pin function depends on bit pcr5 6 in pcr5. pcr5 6 01 pin function p5 6 input pin p5 6 output pin int 6 input pin and tmib input pin p5 5 /int 5 / the pin function depends on bit pcr5 5 in pcr5. adtrg pcr5 5 01 pin function p5 5 input pin p5 5 output pin int 5 input pin and adtrg input pin p5 4 /int 4 to the pin function depends on bit pcr5 n in pcr5. p5 0 /int 0 (n = 4 to 0) pcr5 n 01 pin function p5 n input pin p5 n output pin int n input pin 139
8.5.4 pin states table 8-13 shows the port 5 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-13 port 5 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p5 7 /int 7 to high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p5 0 /int 0 impedance previous previous impedance * previous state state state note: * a high-level signal is output when the mos pull-up is in the on state. 8.5.5 mos input pull-up port 5 has a built-in mos input pull-up function that can be controlled by software. when a pcr5 bit is cleared to 0, setting the corresponding pucr5 bit to 1 turns on the mos pull-up for that pin. the mos pull-up function is in the off state after a reset. pcr5 n 01 pucr5 n 01 * mos input pull-up off on off note: * don? care (n = 7 to 0) 140
8.6 port 6 8.6.1 overview port 6 is an 8-bit i/o port. the port 6 pin configuration is shown in figure 8-5. figure 8-5 port 6 pin configuration 8.6.2 register configuration and description table 8-14 shows the port 6 register configuration. table 8-14 port 6 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 6 pdr6 r/w h'00 h'ffd9 port control register 6 pcr6 w h'00 h'ffe9 p6 7 p6 6 p6 5 p6 4 p6 3 p6 2 p6 1 p6 0 port 6 141
1. port data register 6 (pdr6) pdr6 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 6 pins p6 7 to p6 0 . upon reset, pdr6 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 6 (pcr6) pcr6 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 6 pins p6 7 to p6 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. upon reset, pcr6 is initialized to h'00. pcr6 is a write-only register, which always reads all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 pcr6 7 0 w 6 pcr6 6 0 w 5 pcr6 5 0 w 4 pcr6 4 0 w 3 pcr6 3 0 w 0 pcr6 0 0 w 2 pcr6 2 0 w 1 pcr6 1 0 w bit initial value read/write 7 p6 7 0 r/w 6 p6 6 0 r/w 5 p6 5 0 r/w 4 p6 4 0 r/w 3 p6 3 0 r/w 0 p6 0 0 r/w 2 p6 2 0 r/w 1 p6 1 0 r/w 142
8.6.3 pin functions table 8-15 shows the port 6 pin functions. table 8-15 port 6 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p6 7 to p6 0 the pin function depends on bit pcr6 n in pcr6 (n = 7 to 0) pcr6 n 01 pin function p6 n input pin p6 n output pin 8.6.4 pin states table 8-16 shows the port 6 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-16 port 6 pin states pin reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p6 7 top6 0 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional impedance previous previous impedance * previous state state state note: * a high-level signal is output when the mos pull-up is in the on state. 143
8.7 port 7 8.7.1 overview port 7 is an 8-bit i/o port, configured as shown in figure 8-6. figure 8-6 port 7 pin configuration 8.7.2 register configuration and description table 8-17 shows the port 7 register configuration. table 8-17 port 7 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 7 pdr7 r/w h'00 h'ffda port control register 7 pcr7 w h'00 h'ffea p7 7 p7 6 /tmov p7 5 /tmciv p7 4 /tmriv p7 3 p7 2 p7 1 p7 0 port 7 144
1. port data register 7 (pdr7) pdr7 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 7 pins p7 7 to p7 0 . if port 7 is read while pcr7 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr7 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 7 is read while pcr7 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr7 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 7 (pcr7) pcr7 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 7 pins p7 7 to p7 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr7 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. upon reset, pcr7 is initialized to h'00. pcr7 is a write-only register, which always reads as all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 pcr7 0 w 6 pcr7 0 w 5 pcr7 0 w 4 pcr7 0 w 3 pcr7 0 w 0 pcr7 0 w 2 pcr7 0 w 1 pcr7 0 w 76543 210 bit initial value read/write 7 p7 0 r/w 6 p7 0 r/w 5 p7 0 r/w 4 p7 0 r/w 3 p7 0 r/w 0 p7 0 r/w 2 p7 0 r/w 1 p7 0 r/w 76543 210 145
8.7.3 pin functions table 8-18 shows the port 7 pin functions. table 8-18 port 7 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p7 7 , the pin function depends on bit pcr7 n in pcr7. p7 3 to (n = 7 or 3 to 0) p7 0 pcr7 n 01 pin function p7 n input pin p7 n output pin p7 6 /tmov the pin function depends on bit pcr7 6 in pcr7 and bits os3 to os0 in tcsrv. os3 to os0 0000 not 0000 pcr7 6 01 * pin function p7 6 input pin p7 6 output pin tmov output pin p7 5 /tmciv the pin function depends on bit pcr7 5 in pcr7. pcr7 5 01 pin function p7 5 input pin p7 5 output pin tmciv input pin p7 4 /tmriv the pin function depends on bit pcr7 4 in pcr7. pcr7 4 01 pin function p7 4 input pin p7 4 output pin tmriv input pin note: * don? care 8.7.4 pin states table 8-19 shows the port 7 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-19 port 7 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p7 7 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p7 6 /tmov impedance previous previous impedance previous p7 5 /tmciv state state state p7 4 /tmriv p7 3 to p7 0 146
8.8 port 8 8.8.1 overview port 8 is an 8-bit i/o port configured as shown in figure 8-7. figure 8-7 port 8 pin configuration 8.8.2 register configuration and description table 8-20 shows the port 8 register configuration. table 8-20 port 8 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 8 pdr8 r/w h'00 h'ffdb port control register 8 pcr8 w h'00 h'ffeb p8 7 p8 6 /ftid p8 5 /ftic p8 4 /ftib p8 3 //ftia p8 2 /ftob p8 1 /ftoa p8 0 /ftci port 8 147
1. port data register 8 (pdr8) pdr8 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 8 pins p8 7 to p8 0 . if port 8 is read while pcr8 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr8 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 8 is read while pcr8 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr8 is initialized to h'00. 2. port control register 8 (pcr8) pcr8 is an 8-bit register for controlling whether each of the port 8 pins p8 7 to p8 0 functions as an input or output pin. setting a pcr8 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. upon reset, pcr8 is initialized to h'00. pcr8 is a write-only register, which is always read as all 1s. bit initial value read/write 7 pcr8 0 w 6 pcr8 0 w 5 pcr8 0 w 4 pcr8 0 w 3 pcr8 0 w 0 pcr8 0 w 2 pcr8 0 w 1 pcr8 0 w 76543210 bit initial value read/write 7 p8 0 r/w 6 p8 0 r/w 5 p8 0 r/w 4 p8 0 r/w 3 p8 0 r/w 0 p8 0 r/w 2 p8 0 r/w 1 p8 0 r/w 76543210 148
8.8.3 pin functions table 8-24 shows the port 8 pin functions. table 8-21 port 8 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p8 7 the pin function depends on bit pcr8 7 in pcr8. pcr8 7 01 pin function p8 7 input pin p8 7 output pin p8 6 /ftid the pin function depends on bit pcr8 6 in pcr8. pcr8 6 01 pin function p8 6 input pin p8 6 output pin ftid input pin p8 5 /ftic the pin function depends on bit pcr8 5 in pcr8. pcr8 5 01 pin function p8 5 input pin p8 5 output pin ftic input pin p8 4 /ftib the pin function depends on bit pcr8 4 in pcr8. p8 4 01 pin function p8 4 input pin p8 4 output pin ftib input pin p8 3 /ftia the pin function depends on bit pcr8 3 in pcr8. pcr83 0 1 pin function p8 3 input pin p8 3 output pin ftia input pin p8 2 /ftob the pin function depends on bit pcr8 2 in pcr8 and bit oeb in tocr. oeb 0 1 pcr8 2 01 * pin function p8 2 input pin p8 2 output pin ftob output pin note: * don? care 149
table 8-21 port 8 pin functions (cont) pin pin functions and selection method p8 1 /ftoa the pin function depends on bit pcr8 1 in pcr8 and bit oea in tocr. oea 0 1 pcr8 1 01 * pin function p8 1 input pin p8 1 output pin ftoa output pin p8 0 /ftci the pin function depends on bit pcr8 0 in pcr8. pcr8 0 01 pin function p8 0 input pin p8 0 output pin ftci input pin note: * don? care 8.8.4 pin states table 8-22 shows the port 8 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-22 port 8 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p8 7 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional p8 6 /ftid impedance previous previous impedance previous p8 5 /ftic state state state p8 4 /ftib p8 3 /ftia p8 2 /ftob p8 1 /ftoa p8 0 /ftci 150
151 8.9 port 9 8.9.1 overview port 9 is a 5-bit i/o port, configured as shown in figure 8-8. figure 8-8 port 9 pin configuration 8.9.2 register configuration and description table 8-23 shows the port 9 register configuration. table 8-23 port 9 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address port data register 9 pdr9 r/w h'c0 h'ffdc port control register 9 pcr9 w h'c0 h'ffec 1. port data register 9 (pdr9) note: * bits 7 to 6 are reserved; they are always read as 1 and cannot be modified. ** bit 5 is reserved; it is always read as 0 and cannot be modified. pdr9 is an 8-bit register that stores data for port 9 pins p9 4 to p9 0 . if port 9 is read while pcr9 bits are set to 1, the values stored in pdr9 are read, regardless of the actual pin states. if port 9 is read while pcr9 bits are cleared to 0, the pin states are read. upon reset, pdr9 is initialized to h'c0. bit initial value read/write 7 1 * 6 1 * 5 0 ** 4 p9 4 0 r/w 3 p9 0 r/w 0 p9 0 0 r/w 2 p9 2 0 r/w 1 p9 1 0 r/w 3 p9 p9 p9 p9 p9 4 3 2 1 0 port 9
2. port control register 9 (pcr9) pcr9 controls whether each of the port 9 pins p9 4 to p9 0 functions as an input pin or output pin. setting a pcr9 bit to 1 makes the corresponding pin an output pin, while clearing the bit to 0 makes the pin an input pin. upon reset, pcr9 is initialized to h'c0. pcr9 is a write-only register, which is always reads as all 1. 8.9.3 pin functions table 8-24 shows the port 9 pin functions. table 8-24 port 9 pin functions pin pin functions and selection method p9 n the pin function depends on bit pcr9 n in pcr9. (n = 4 to 0) pcr9 n 01 pin function p9 n input pin p9 n output pin 8.9.4 pin states table 8-25 shows the port 9 pin states in each operating mode. table 8-25 port 9 pin states pins reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p9 4 to p9 0 high- retains retains high- retains functional functional impedance previous previous impedance previous state state state bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 0 4 p9 4 0 w 3 p9 0 w 0 p9 0 0 w 2 p9 2 0 w 1 p9 1 0 w 3 152
8.10 port b 8.10.1 overview port b is an 8-bit input-only port, configured as shown in figure 8-9. figure 8-9 port b pin configuration 8.10.2 register configuration and description table 8-26 shows the port b register configuration. table 8-26 port b register name abbrev. r/w address port data register b pdrb r h'ffdd port data register b (pdrb) reading pdrb always gives the pin states. however, if a port b pin is selected as an analog input channel for the a/d converter by amr bits ch3 to ch0, that pin reads 0 regardless of the input voltage. bit read/write 7 pb r 6 pb r 5 pb r 4 pb r 3 pb r 0 pb r 2 pb r 1 pb r 32 1 0 7654 pb /an pb /an pb /an pb /an pb /an pb /an pb /an pb /an 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 port b 153
8.10.3 pin functions table 8-27 shows the port b pin functions. table 8-27 port b pin functions pin pin functions and selection method pb n /an n always as below. (n = 7 to 0) pin function pb n input pin or an n input pin 8.10.4 pin states table 8-28 shows the port b pin states in each operating mode. table 8-28 port b pin states pin reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active pb 7 /an 7 high- high- high- high- high- high- high- to impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance pb 0 /an 0 8.11 usage notes the following points should be noted when using i/o ports. (1) handling of unused pins in input ports unused pins in an input port should be connected to the power supply (v cc or v ss ) so that the pins do not go to the floating (high-impedance) state. (2) handling of unused pins in input/output ports unused pins in an input/output port should be connected to the power supply (v cc or v ss ), or else designated as output pins by setting the corresponding port control register bits by software immediately after reset release, so that the pins do not go to the floating (high-impedance) state. 154
section 9 timers 9.1 overview the h8/3657 series provides five timers: timers a, b1, v, x, and a watchdog timer. the functions of these timers are outlined in table 9-1. table 9-1 timer functions event waveform name functions internal clock input pin output pin remarks timer a 8-bit interval timer ?8 to ?8192 (8 choices) time base w /128 (choice of 4 overflow periods) clock output ?4 to ?32 tmow w /4 to w /32 (8 choices) timer b1 8-bit reload timer ?4 to ?8192 tmib ? interval timer (7 choices) event counter timer v 8-bit timer ?4 to ?128 tmciv tmov event counter (6 choices) output control by dual compare match counter clearing option start of incrementing specifiable by external trigger input timer x 16-bit free-running ?2 to ?32 ftci ftoa timer (3 choices) ftia ftob 2 output compare ftib channels ftic 4 input capture ftid channels counter clearing option event counter watchdog reset signal ?8192 timer generated when 8-bit counter overflows 155
9.2 timer a 9.2.1 overview timer a is an 8-bit timer with interval timing and real-time clock time-base functions. the clock time-base function is available when a 32.768-khz crystal oscillator is connected. a clock signal divided from 32.768 khz or from the system clock can be output at the tmow pin. 1. features features of timer a are given below. choice of eight internal clock sources (?8192, ?4096, ?2048, ?512, ?256, ?128, ?32, ?8). choice of four overflow periods (1 s, 0.5 s, 0.25 s, 31.25 ms) when timer a is used as a clock time base (using a 32.768 khz crystal oscillator). an interrupt is requested when the counter overflows. any of eight clock signals can be output from pin tmow: 32.768 khz divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4 (1 khz, 2 khz, 4 khz, 8 khz), or the system clock divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4. 156
2. block diagram figure 9-1 shows a block diagram of timer a. figure 9-1 block diagram of timer a 3. pin configuration table 9-2 shows the timer a pin configuration. table 9-2 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function clock output tmow output output of waveform generated by timer a output circuit psw internal data bus pss notation: tmow 1/4 tma tca ? /32 ? /16 ? /8 ? /4 w w w w ?32 ?16 ?8 ?4 ? /128 w ?8192, ?4096, ?2048, ?512, ?256, ?128, ?32, ?8 irrta ? 8 * ? 64 * ? 128 * ? 256 * ? /4 w tma: tca: irrta: psw: pss: note: * can be selected only when the prescaler w output ( w /128) is used as the tca input clock. timer mode register a timer counter a timer a overflow interrupt request flag prescaler w prescaler s w 157
4. register configuration table 9-3 shows the register configuration of timer a. table 9-3 timer a registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address timer mode register a tma r/w h'10 h'ffb0 timer counter a tca r h'00 h'ffb1 9.2.2 register descriptions 1. timer mode register a (tma) tma is an 8-bit read/write register for selecting the prescaler, input clock, and output clock. upon reset, tma is initialized to h'10. bits 7 to 5: clock output select (tma7 to tma5) bits 7 to 5 choose which of eight clock signals is output at the tmow pin. the system clock divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4 can be output in active mode and sleep mode. a 32.768 khz signal divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4 can be output in active mode, sleep mode, and subactive mode. bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 tma7 tma6 tma5 clock output 0 0 0 ?32 (initial value) 1 ?16 1 0 ?8 1 ?4 100 w /32 1 w /16 10 w /8 1 w /4 bit initial value read/write 7 tma7 0 r/w 6 tma6 0 r/w 5 tma5 0 r/w 4 1 3 tma3 0 r/w 0 tma0 0 r/w 2 tma2 0 r/w 1 tma1 0 r/w 158
bit 4: reserved bit bit 4 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 3 to 0: internal clock select (tma3 to tma0) bits 3 to 0 select the clock input to tca. the selection is made as follows. description bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 prescaler and divider ratio tma3 tma2 tma1 tma0 or overflow period function 0000 pss, ?8192 (initial value) interval timer 1 pss, ?4096 1 0 pss, ?2048 1 pss, ?512 1 0 0 pss, ?256 1 pss, ?128 1 0 pss, ?32 1 pss, ?8 1000 psw, 1 s clock time 1 psw, 0.5 s base 1 0 psw, 0.25 s 1 psw, 0.03125 s 1 0 0 psw and tca are reset 1 10 1 159
2. timer counter a (tca) tca is an 8-bit read-only up-counter, which is incremented by internal clock input. the clock source for input to this counter is selected by bits tma3 to tma0 in timer mode register a (tma). tca values can be read by the cpu in active mode, but cannot be read in subactive mode. when tca overflows, the irrta bit in interrupt request register 1 (irr1) is set to 1. tca is cleared by setting bits tma3 and tma2 of tma to 11. upon reset, tca is initialized to h'00. 9.2.3 timer operation 1. interval timer operation when bit tma3 in timer mode register a (tma) is cleared to 0, timer a functions as an 8-bit interval timer. upon reset, tca is cleared to h'00 and bit tma3 is cleared to 0, so up-counting and interval timing resume immediately. the clock input to timer a is selected by bits tma2 to tma0 in tma; any of eight internal clock signals output by prescaler s can be selected. after the count value in tca reaches h'ff, the next clock signal input causes timer a to overflow, setting bit irrta to 1 in interrupt request register 1 (irr1). if ienta = 1 in interrupt enable register 1 (ienr1), a cpu interrupt is requested.* at overflow, tca returns to h'00 and starts counting up again. in this mode timer a functions as an interval timer that generates an overflow output at intervals of 256 input clock pulses. note: * for details on interrupts, see 3.3, interrupts. bit initial value read/write 7 tca7 0 r 6 tca6 0 r 5 tca5 0 r 4 tca4 0 r 3 tca3 0 r 0 tca0 0 r 2 tca2 0 r 1 tca1 0 r 160
2. real-time clock time base operation when bit tma3 in tma is set to 1, timer a functions as a real-time clock time base by counting clock signals output by prescaler w. the overflow period of timer a is set by bits tma1 and tma0 in tma. a choice of four periods is available. in time base operation (tma3 = 1), setting bit tma2 to 1 clears both tca and prescaler w to their initial values of h'00. 3. clock output setting bit tmow in port mode register 1 (pmr1) to 1 causes a clock signal to be output at pin tmow. eight different clock output signals can be selected by means of bits tma7 to tma5 in tma. the system clock divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4 can be output in active mode and sleep mode. a 32.768 khz signal divided by 32, 16, 8, or 4 can be output in active mode, sleep mode, subactive mode, and subsleep mode. 9.2.4 timer a operation states table 9-4 summarizes the timer a operation states. table 9-4 timer a operation states sub- sub- operation mode reset active sleep watch active sleep standby tca interval reset functions functions halted halted halted halted clock time base reset functions functions functions functions functions halted tma reset functions retained retained functions retained retained note: when the real-time clock time base function is selected as the internal clock of tca in active mode or sleep mode, the internal clock is not synchronous with the system clock, so it is synchronized by a synchronizing circuit. this may result in a maximum error of 1/?(s) in the count cycle. 161
9.3 timer b1 9.3.1 overview timer b1 is an 8-bit timer that increments each time a clock pulse is input. this timer has two operation modes, interval and auto reload. 1. features features of timer b1 are given below. choice of seven internal clock sources (?8192, ?2048, ?512, ?256, ?64, ?16, ?4) or an external clock (can be used to count external events). an interrupt is requested when the counter overflows. 2. block diagram figure 9-2 shows a block diagram of timer b1. figure 9-2 block diagram of timer b1 pss tmb1 tcb1 tlb1 tmib notation: irrtb1 tmb1: tcb1: tlb1: irrtb1: pss: timer mode register b1 timer counter b1 timer load register b1 timer b1 interrupt request flag prescaler s internal data bus 162
3. pin configuration table 9-5 shows the timer b1 pin configuration. table 9-5 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function timer b1 event input tmib input event input to tcb1 4. register configuration table 9-6 shows the register configuration of timer b1. table 9-6 timer b1 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address timer mode register b1 tmb1 r/w h'78 h'ffb2 timer counter b1 tcb1 r h'00 h'ffb3 timer load register b1 tlb1 w h'00 h'ffb3 9.3.2 register descriptions 1. timer mode register b1 (tmb1) tmb1 is an 8-bit read/write register for selecting the auto-reload function and input clock. upon reset, tmb1 is initialized to h'78. bit 7: auto-reload function select (tmb17) bit 7 selects whether timer b1 is used as an auto-reload timer. bit 7 tmb17 description 0 interval timer function selected (initial value) 1 auto-reload function selected bit initial value read/write 7 tmb17 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 tmb10 0 r/w 2 tmb12 0 r/w 1 tmb11 0 r/w 163
bits 6 to 3: reserved bits bits 6 to 3 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 2 to 0: clock select (tmb12 to tmb10) bits 2 to 0 select the clock input to tcb1. for external event counting, either the rising or falling edge can be selected. bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 tmb12 tmb11 tmb10 description 0 0 0 internal clock: ?8192 (initial value) 0 0 1 internal clock: ?2048 0 1 0 internal clock: ?512 0 1 1 internal clock: ?256 1 0 0 internal clock: ?64 1 0 1 internal clock: ?16 1 1 0 internal clock: ?4 1 1 1 external event (tmib): rising or falling edge * note: * the edge of the external event signal is selected by bit integ6 in interrupt edge select register 2 (iegr2). see 3.3.2, interrupt control registers, for details. 2. timer counter b1 (tcb1) tcb1 is an 8-bit read-only up-counter, which is incremented by internal clock or external event input. the clock source for input to this counter is selected by bits tmb12 to tmb10 in timer mode register b1 (tmb1). tcb1 values can be read by the cpu at any time. when tcb1 overflows from h'ff to h'00 or to the value set in tlb1, the irrtb1 bit in irr1 is set to 1. tcb1 is allocated to the same address as tlb1. upon reset, tcb1 is initialized to h'00. bit initial value read/write 7 tcb17 0 r 6 tcb16 0 r 5 tcb15 0 r 4 tcb14 0 r 3 tcb13 0 r 0 tcb10 0 r 2 tcb12 0 r 1 tcb11 0 r 164
3. timer load register b1 (tlb1) tlb1 is an 8-bit write-only register for setting the reload value of timer counter b1 (tcb1). when a reload value is set in tlb1, the same value is loaded into timer counter b1 (tcb1) as well, and tcb1 starts counting up from that value. when tcb1 overflows during operation in auto- reload mode, the tlb1 value is loaded into tcb1. accordingly, overflow periods can be set within the range of 1 to 256 input clocks. the same address is allocated to tlb1 as to tcb1. upon reset, tlb1 is initialized to h'00. 9.3.3 timer operation 1. interval timer operation when bit tmb17 in timer mode register b1 (tmb1) is cleared to 0, timer b1 functions as an 8-bit interval timer. upon reset, tcb1 is cleared to h'00 and bit tmb17 is cleared to 0, so up-counting and interval timing resume immediately. the clock input to timer b1 is selected from seven internal clock signals output by prescaler s, or an external clock input at pin tmib. the selection is made by bits tmb12 to tmb10 of tmb1. after the count value in tcb1 reaches h'ff, the next clock signal input causes timer b1 to overflow, setting bit irrtb1 to 1 in interrupt request register 1 (irr1). if ientb1 = 1 in interrupt enable register 1 (ienr1), a cpu interrupt is requested.* at overflow, tcb1 returns to h'00 and starts counting up again. during interval timer operation (tmb17 = 0), when a value is set in timer load register b1 (tlb1), the same value is set in tcb1. note: * for details on interrupts, see 3.3, interrupts. bit initial value read/write 7 tlb17 0 w 6 tlb16 0 w 5 tlb15 0 w 4 tlb14 0 w 3 tlb13 0 w 0 tlb10 0 w 2 tlb12 0 w 1 tlb11 0 w 165
2. auto-reload timer operation setting bit tmb17 in tmb1 to 1 causes timer b1 to function as an 8-bit auto-reload timer. when a reload value is set in tlb1, the same value is loaded into tcb1, becoming the value from which tcb1 starts its count. after the count value in tcb1 reaches h'ff, the next clock signal input causes timer b1 to overflow. the tlb1 value is then loaded into tcb1, and the count continues from that value. the overflow period can be set within a range from 1 to 256 input clocks, depending on the tlb1 value. the clock sources and interrupts in auto-reload mode are the same as in interval mode. in auto-reload mode (tmb17 = 1), when a new value is set in tlb1, the tlb1 value is also set in tcb1. 3. event counter operation timer b1 can operate as an event counter, counting rising or falling edges of an external event signal input at pin tmib. external event counting is selected by setting bits tmb12 to tmb10 in timer mode register b1 to all 1s (111). when timer b1 is used to count external event input, bit inten6 in ienr3 should be cleared to 0 to disable int 6 interrupt requests. 9.3.4 timer b1 operation states table 9-7 summarizes the timer b1 operation states. table 9-7 timer b1 operation states sub- sub- operation mode reset active sleep watch active sleep standby tcb1 interval reset functions functions halted halted halted halted auto reload reset functions functions halted halted halted halted tmb1 reset functions retained retained retained retained retained 166
9.4 timer v 9.4.1 overview timer v is an 8-bit timer based on an 8-bit counter. timer v counts external events. also compare match signals can be used to reset the counter, request an interrupt, or output a pulse signal with an arbitrary duty cycle. counting can be initiated by a trigger input at the trgv pin, enabling pulse output control to be synchronized to the trigger, with an arbitrary delay from the trigger input. 1. features features of timer v are given below. choice of six internal clock sources (?128, ?64, ?32, ?16, ?8, ?4) or an external clock (can be used as an external event counter). counter can be cleared by compare match a or b, or by an external reset signal. if the trigger function is selected, the counter can be halted when cleared. timer output is controlled by two independent compare match signals, enabling pulse output with an arbitrary duty cycle, pwm output, and other applications. three interrupt sources: two compare match, one overflow counting can be initiated by trigger input at the trgv pin. the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges of the trgv input can be selected. 167
2. block diagram figure 9-3 shows a block diagram of timer v. figure 9-3 block diagram of timer v trgv tmciv tmriv tmov cmia cmib ovi internal data bus trigger control comparator clock select comparator clear control interrupt request control output control time constant register a time constant register b timer counter v timer control/status register v timer control register v0 timer control register v1 prescaler s compare-match interrupt a compare-match interrupt b overflow interrupt notation: tcora: tcorb: tcntv: tcsrv: tcrv0: tcrv1: pss: cmia: cmib: ovi: pss tcrv1 tcorb tcntv tcora tcrvo tcsrv 168
3. pin configuration table 9-8 shows the timer v pin configuration. table 9-8 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function timer v output tmov output timer v waveform output timer v clock input tmciv input clock input to tcntv timer v reset input tmriv input external input to reset tcntv trigger input trgv input trigger input to initiate counting 4. register configuration table 9-9 shows the register configuration of timer v. table 9-9 timer v registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address timer control register v0 tcrv0 r/w h'00 h'ffb8 timer control/status register v tcsrv r/(w) * h'10 h'ffb9 time constant register a tcora r/w h'ff h'ffba time constant register b tcorb r/w h'ff h'ffbb timer counter v tcntv r/w h'00 h'ffbc timer control register v1 tcrv1 r/w h'e2 h'ffbd note: * bits 7 to 5 can only be written with 0, for flag clearing. 169
9.4.2 register descriptions 1. timer counter v (tcntv) tcntv is an 8-bit read/write up-counter which is incremented by internal or external clock input. the clock source is selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0. the tcntv value can be read and written by the cpu at any time. tcntv can be cleared by an external reset signal, or by compare match a or b. the clearing signal is selected by bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcrv0. when tcntv overflows from h'ff to h'00, ovf is set to 1 in tcsrv. tcntv is initialized to h'00 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. 2. time constant registers a and b (tcora, tcorb) tcora and tcorb are 8-bit read/write registers. tcora and tcntv are compared at all times, except during the t 3 state of a tcora write cycle. when the tcora and tcntv contents match, cmfa is set to 1 in tcsrv. if cmiea is also set to 1 in tcrv0, a cpu interrupt is requested. timer output from the tmov pin can be controlled by a signal resulting from compare match, according to the settings of bits os3 to os0 in tcsrv. tcora is initialized to h'ff upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. tcorb is similar to tcora. bit initial value read/write 7 tcorn 7 1 r/w 6 tcorn 6 1 r/w 5 tcorn 5 1 r/w 4 tcorn 4 1 r/w 3 tcorn 3 1 r/w 0 tcorn 0 1 r/w 2 tcorn 2 1 r/w 1 tcorn 1 1 r/w n = a or b bit initial value read/write 7 tcntv 7 0 r/w 6 tcntv 6 0 r/w 5 tcntv 5 0 r/w 4 tcntv 4 0 r/w 3 tcntv 3 0 r/w 0 tcntv 0 0 r/w 2 tcntv 2 0 r/w 1 tcntv 1 0 r/w 170
3. timer control register v0 (tcrv0) tcrv0 is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the tcntv input clock, controls the clearing of tcntv, and enables interrupts. tcrv0 is initialized to h'00 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bit 7: compare match interrupt enable b (cmieb) bit 7 enables or disables the interrupt request (cmib) generated from cmfb when cmfb is set to 1 in tcsrv. bit 7 cmieb description 0 interrupt request (cmib) from cmfb disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request (cmib) from cmfb enabled bit 6: compare match interrupt enable a (cmiea) bit 6 enables or disables the interrupt request (cmia) generated from cmfa when cmfa is set to 1 in tcsrv. bit 6 cmiea description 0 interrupt request (cmia) from cmfa disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request (cmia) from cmfa enabled bit 5: timer overflow interrupt enable b (ovie) bit 5 enables or disables the interrupt request (ovi) generated from ovf when ovf is set to 1 in tcsrv. bit 5 ovie description 0 interrupt request (ovi) from ovf disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request (ovi) from ovf enabled bit initial value read/write 7 cmieb 0 r/w 6 cmiea 0 r/w 5 ovie 0 r/w 4 cclr1 0 r/w 3 cclr0 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 171
bits 4 and 3: counter clear 1 and 0 (cclr1, cclr0) bits 4 and 3 specify whether or not to clear tcntv, and select compare match a or b or an external reset input. when clearing is specified, if trge is set to 1 in tcrv1, then when tcntv is cleared it is also halted. counting resumes when a trigger edge is input at the trgv pin. if trge is cleared to 0, after tcntv is cleared it continues counting up. bit 4 bit 3 cclr1 cclr0 description 0 0 clearing is disabled (initial value) 0 1 cleared by compare match a 1 0 cleared by compare match b 1 1 cleared by rising edge of external reset input bits 2 to 0: clock select 2 to 0 (cks2 to cks0) bits 2 to 0 and bit icks0 in tcrv1 select the clock input to tcntv. six internal clock sources divided from the system clock (? can be selected. the counter increments on the falling edge. if the external clock is selected, there is a further selection of incrementing on the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges. if trge is cleared to 0, after tcntv is cleared it continues counting up. tcrv0 tcrv1 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 bit 0 cks2 cks1 cks0 icks0 description 000 clock input disabled (initial value) 0010 internal clock: ?4, falling edge 0011 internal clock: ?8, falling edge 0100 internal clock: ?16, falling edge 0101 internal clock: ?32, falling edge 0110 internal clock: ?64, falling edge 0111 internal clock: ?128, falling edge 100 clock input disabled 101 external clock: rising edge 110 external clock: falling edge 111 external clock: rising and falling edges 172
4. timer control/status register v (tcsrv) tcsrv is an 8-bit register that sets compare match flags and the timer overflow flag, and controls compare match output. tcsrv is initialized to h'10 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bit 7: compare match flag b (cmfb) bit 7 is a status flag indicating that tcntv has matched tcorb. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 7 cmfb description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading cmfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to cmfb 1 setting conditions: set when the tcntv value matches the tcorb value bit 6: compare match flag a (cmfa) bit 6 is a status flag indicating that tcntv has matched tcora. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 6 cmfa description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading cmfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to cmfa 1 setting conditions: set when the tcntv value matches the tcora value bit initial value read/write 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) 5 ovf 0 r/(w) 4 1 3 os3 0 r/w 0 os0 0 r/w 2 os2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w *** note: * bits 7 to 5 can be only written with 0, for flag clearing. 173
bit 5: timer overflow flag (ovf) bit 5 is a status flag indicating that tcntv has overflowed from h'ff to h'00. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 5 ovf description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading ovf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ovf 1 setting conditions: set when tcntv overflows from h'ff to h'00 bit 4: reserved bit bit 4 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 3 to 0: output select 3 to 0 (os3 to os0) bits 3 to 0 select the way in which the output level at the tmov pin changes in response to compare match between tcntv and tcora or tcorb. os3 and os2 select the output level for compare match b. os1 and os0 select the output level for compare match a. the two levels can be controlled independently. if two compare matches occur simultaneously, any conflict between the settings is resolved according to the following priority order: toggle output > 1 output > 0 output. when os3 to os0 are all cleared to 0, timer output is disabled. after a reset, the timer output is 0 until the first compare match. bit 3 bit 2 os3 os2 description 0 0 no change at compare match b (initial value) 0 1 0 output at compare match b 1 0 1 output at compare match b 1 1 output toggles at compare match b bit 1 bit 0 os1 os0 description 0 0 no change at compare match a (initial value) 0 1 0 output at compare match a 1 0 1 output at compare match a 1 1 output toggles at compare match a 174
5. timer control register v1 (tcrv1) tcrv1 is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the valid edge at the trgv pin, enables trgv input, and selects the clock input to tcntv. tcrv1 is initialized to h'e2 upon reset and in watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bits 7 to 5: reserved bits bit 7 to 5 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 4 and 3: trgv input edge select (tveg1, tveg0) bits 4 and 3 select the trgv input edge. bit 4 bit 3 tveg1 tveg0 description 0 0 trgv trigger input is disabled (initial value) 0 1 rising edge is selected 1 0 falling edge is selected 1 1 rising and falling edges are both selected bit 2: trgv input enable (trge) bit 2 enables or disables tcntv counting to be triggered by input at the trgv pin, and enables or disables tcntv counting to be halted when tcntv is cleared by compare match. tcntv stops counting when trge is set to 1, then starts counting when the edge selected by bits tveg1 and tveg0 is input at the trgv pin. bit 2 trge description 0 tcntv counting is not triggered by input at the trgv pin, and does not stop when tcntv is cleared by compare match (initial value) 1 tcntv counting is triggered by input at the trgv pin, and stops when tcntv is cleared by compare match bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 tveg1 0 r/w 3 tveg0 0 r/w 0 icks0 0 r/w 2 trge 0 r/w 1 1 175
bit 1: reserved bit bit 1 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 0: internal clock select 0 (icks0) bit 0 and bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 select the tcntv clock source. for details see 9.8.2 (3), timer control register v0. 9.4.3 timer operation 1. timer v operation a reset initializes tcntv to h'00, tcora and tcorb to h'ff, tcrv0 to h'00, tcsrv to h'10, and tcrv1 to h'e2. timer v can be clocked by one of six internal clocks output from prescaler s, or an external clock, as selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 and bit icks0 in tcrv1. the valid edge or edges of the external clock can also be selected by cks2 to cks0. when the clock source is selected, tcntv starts counting the selected clock input. the tcntv contents are always compared with tcora and tcorb. when a match occurs, the cmfa or cmfb bit is set to 1 in tcsrv. if cmiea or cmieb is set to 1 in tcrv0, a cpu interrupt is requested. at the same time, the output level selected by bits os3 to os0 in tcsrv is output from the tmov pin. when tcnt overflows from h'ff to h'00, if ovie is 1 in tcrv0, a cpu interrupt is requested. if bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcrv0 are set to 01 (clear by compare match a) or 10 (clear by compare match b), tcntv is cleared by the corresponding compare match. if these bits are set to 11, tcntv is cleared by input of a rising edge at the tmriv pin. if bit trge is set to 1 in tcrv1, when tcntv is cleared by the event selected by bits cclr1 and cclr0, it is also halted. tcntv starts counting when the signal edge selected by bits tveg1 and tveg0 in tcrv1 is input at the trgv pin. 176
2. tcntv increment timing tcntv is incremented by an input (internal or external) clock. internal clock one of six clocks (?128, ?64, ?32, ?16, ?8, ?4) divided from the system clock (? can be selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 and bit icks0 in tcrv1. figure 9-4 shows the timing. figure 9-4 increment timing with internal clock external clock incrementation on the rising edge, falling edge, or both edges of the external clock can be selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0. the external clock pulse width should be at least 1.5 system clocks (? when a single edge is counted, and at least 2.5 system clocks when both edges are counted. shorter pulses will not be counted correctly. figure 9-5 shows the timing when both the rising and falling edges of the external clock are selected. n ?1 tcntv input frc input tcntv internal clock n n ?1 177
figure 9-5 increment timing with external clock 3. overflow flag set timing the overflow flag (ovf) is set to 1 when tcntv overflows from h'ff to h'00. figure 9-6 shows the timing. figure 9-6 ovf set timing h'ff h'00 overflow signal tcntv n ?1 n n ?1 tcntv input clock tcntv tmciv (external clock input pin) 178
4. compare match flag set timing compare match flag a or b (cmfa or cmfb) is set to 1 when tcntv matches tcora or tcorb. the internal compare-match signal is generated in the last state in which the values match (when tcntv changes from the matching value to a new value). accordingly, when tcntv matches tcora or tcorb, the compare match signal is not generated until the next clock input to tcntv. figure 9-7 shows the timing. figure 9-7 cmfa and cmfb set timing 5. tmov output timing the tmov output responds to compare match a or b by remaining unchanged, changing to 0, changing to 1, or toggling, as selected by bits os3 to os0 in tcsrv. figure 9-8 shows the timing when the output is toggled by compare match a. figure 9-8 tmov output timing timer v output pin compare match a signal tcora or tcorb compare match signal tcntv n n n + 1 cmfa or cmfb 179
6. tcntv clear timing by compare match tcntv can be cleared by compare match a or b, as selected by bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcrv0. figure 9-9 shows the timing. figure 9-9 clear timing by compare match 7. tcntv clear timing by tmriv tcntv can be cleared by a rising edge at the tmriv pin, as selected by bits cclr1 and cclr0 in tcrv0. a tmriv input pulse width of at least 1.5 system clocks is necessary. figure 9-10 shows the timing. figure 9-10 clear timing by tmriv input timer v output pin tcntv compare match a signal n ?1 n h'00 tcntv compare match a signal n h'00 180
9.4.4 timer v operation modes table 9-10 summarizes the timer v operation states. table 9-10 timer v operation states sub- sub- operation mode reset active sleep watch active sleep standby tcntv reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tcrv0, tcrv1 reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tcora, tcorb reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tcsrv reset functions functions reset reset reset reset 9.4.5 interrupt sources timer v has three interrupt sources: cmia, cmib, and ovi. table 9-11 lists the interrupt sources and their vector address. each interrupt source can be enabled or disabled by an interrupt enable bit in tcrv0. although all three interrupts share the same vector, they have individual interrupt flags, so software can discriminate the interrupt source. table 9-11 timer v interrupt sources interrupt description vector address cmia generated from cmfa h'0022 cmib generated from cmfb ovi generated from ovf 181
9.4.6 application examples 1. pulse output with arbitrary duty cycle figure 9-11 shows an example of output of pulses with an arbitrary duty cycle. to set up this output: clear bit cclr1 to 0 and set bit cclr0 to 1 in tcrv0 so that tcntv will be cleared by compare match with tcora. set bits os3 to os0 to 0110 in tcsrv so that the output will go to 1 at compare match with tcora and to 0 at compare match with tcorb. set bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 and bit icks0 in tcrv1 to select the desired clock source. with these settings, a waveform is output without further software intervention, with a period determined by tcora and a pulse width determined by tcorb. figure 9-11 pulse output example 2. single-shot output with arbitrary pulse width and delay from trgv input the trigger function can be used to output a pulse with an arbitrary pulse width at an arbitrary delay from the trgv input, as shown in figure 9-12. to set up this output: set bit cclr1 to 1 and clear bit cclr0 to 0 in tcrv0 so that tcntv will be cleared by compare match with tcorb. set bits os3 to os0 to 0110 in tcsrv so that the output will go to 1 at compare match with tcora and to 0 at compare match with tcorb. set bits tveg1 and tveg0 to 10 in tcrv1 and set trge to 1 to select the falling edge of the trgv input. set bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 and bit icks0 in tcrv1 to select the desired clock source. tcntv counter cleared h'ff tcora tcorb h'00 tmov 182
after these settings, a pulse waveform will be output without further software intervention, with a delay determined by tcora from the trgv input, and a pulse width determined by (tcorb tcora). figure 9-12 pulse output synchronized to trgv input counter cleared tcntv compare match a compare match b clears and halts tcntv compare match a compare match b clears and halts tcntv h'ff tcorb tcora h'00 trgv tmov 183
9.4.7 application notes the following types of contention can occur in timer v operation. 1. contention between tcntv write and counter clear if a tcntv clear signal is generated in the t 3 state of a tcntv write cycle, clearing takes precedence and the write to the counter is not carried out. figure 9-13 shows the timing. figure 9-13 contention between tcntv write and clear t 1 t 2 t 3 tcntv write cycle by cpu address tcntv address internal write signal counter clear signal tcntv n h'00 184
2. contention between tcntv write and increment if a tcntv increment clock signal is generated in the t 3 state of a tcntv write cycle, the write takes precedence and the counter is not incremented. figure 9-14 shows the timing. figure 9-14 contention between tcntv write and increment t 1 t 2 t 3 tcntv write cycle by cpu address internal write signal tcntv clock tcntv n m tcntv write data tcntv address 185
3. contention between tcor write and compare match if a compare match is generated in the t 3 state of a tcora or tcorb write cycle, the write to tcora or tcorb takes precedence and the compare match signal is inhibited. figure 9-15 shows the timing. figure 9-15 contention between tcora write and compare match t 1 t 2 t 3 tcora write cycle by cpu address internal write signal tcntv tcora n m tcora write data tcora address n n + 1 compare match signal inhibited 186
4. contention between compare match a and b if compare match a and b occur simultaneously, any conflict between the output selections for compare match a and compare match b is resolved by following the priority order in table 9-12. table 9-12 timer output priority order output setting priority toggle output high 1 output 0 output no change low 5. internal clock switching and counter operation depending on the timing, tcntv may be incremented by a switch between different internal clock sources. table 9-13 shows the relation between internal clock switchover timing (by writing to bits cks1 and cks0) and tcntv operation. when tcntv is internally clocked, an increment pulse is generated from the falling edge of an internal clock signal, which is divided from the system clock (?. for this reason, in a case like no. 3 in table 9-13 where the switch is from a high clock signal to a low clock signal, the switchover is seen as a falling edge, causing tcntv to increment. tcntv can also be incremented by a switch between internal and external clocks. 187
table 9-13 internal clock switching and tcntv operation clock levels before and after modifying no. bits cks1 and cks0 tcntv operation 1 goes from low level to low level* 1 2 goes from low to high * 2 notes: 1. including a transition from the low level to the stopped state, or from the stopped state to the low level. 2. including a transition from the stopped state to the high level. 188 n + 1 clock before switching clock after switching count clock tcntv write to cks1 and cks0 n n + 1 n + 2 clock before switching clock after switching count clock tcntv write to cks1 and cks0 n
table 9-13 internal clock switching and tcntv operation (cont) clock levels before and after modifying no. bits cks1 and cks0 tcntv operation 3 goes from high level to low level * 1 4 goes from high to high notes: 1. including a transition from the high level to the stopped state. 2. the switchover is seen as a falling edge, and tcntv is incremented. 189 n + 1 n n + 2 * 2 clock before switching clock after switching count clock tcntv write to cks1 and cks0 n +1 n +2 n clock before switching clock after switching count clock write to cks1 and cks0 tcntv
9.5 timer x 9.5.1 overview timer x is based on a 16-bit free-running counter (frc). it can output two independent waveforms, or measure input pulse widths and external clock periods. 1. features features of timer x are given below. choice of three internal clock sources (?2, ?8, ?32) or an external clock (can be used as an external event counter). two independent output compare waveforms. four independent input capture channels, with selection of rising or falling edge and buffering option. counter can be cleared by compare match a. seven independent interrupt sources: two compare match, four input capture, one overflow 190
2. block diagram figure 9-16 shows a block diagram of timer x. figure 9-16 block diagram of timer x ftoa ftob timer interrupt enable register timer control/status register x free-running counter output compare register a output compare register b timer control register x timer output compare control register input capture register a input capture register b input capture register c input capture register d prescaler s notation: tier: tcsrx: frc: ocra: ocrb: tcrx: tocr: icra: icrb: icrc: icrd: pss: interrupt request input capture control internal data bus comparator comparator icra icrc icrb icrd tcrx ocrb ocra tocr frc tcsrx tier pss ftia ftib ftic ftid ftci 191
3. pin configuration table 9-14 shows the timer x pin configuration. table 9-14 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function counter clock input ftci input clock input to frc output compare a ftoa output output pin for output compare a output compare b ftob output output pin for output compare b input capture a ftia input input pin for input capture a input capture b ftib input input pin for input capture b input capture c ftic input input pin for input capture c input capture d ftid input input pin for input capture d 192
4. register configuration table 9-15 shows the register configuration of timer x. table 9-15 timer x registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address timer interrupt enable register tier r/w h'01 h'f770 timer control/status register x tcsrx r/(w) * 1 h'00 h'f771 free-running counter h frch r/w h'00 h'f772 free-running counter l frcl r/w h'00 h'f773 output compare register ah ocrah r/w h'ff h'f774 * 2 output compare register al ocral r/w h'ff h'f775 * 2 output compare register bh ocrbh r/w h'ff h'f774 * 2 output compare register bl ocrbl r/w h'ff h'f775 * 2 timer control register x tcrx r/w h'00 h'f776 timer output compare control tocr r/w h'e0 h'f777 register input capture register ah icrah r h'00 h'f778 input capture register al icral r h'00 h'f779 input capture register bh icrbh r h'00 h'f77a input capture register bl icrbl r h'00 h'f77b input capture register ch icrch r h'00 h'f77c input capture register cl icrcl r h'00 h'f77d input capture register dh icrdh r h'00 h'f77e input capture register dl icrdl r h'00 h'f77f notes: 1. bits 7 to 1 can only be written with 0 for flag clearing. bit 0 is a read/write bit. 2. ocra and ocrb share the same address. they are selected by the ocrs bit in tocr. 193
9.5.2 register descriptions 1. free-running counter (frc) free-running counter h (frch) free-running counter l (frcl) frc is a 16-bit read/write up-counter, which is incremented by internal or external clock input. the clock source is selected by bits cks1 and cks0 in tcrx. frc can be cleared by compare match a, depending on the setting of cclra in tcsrx. when frc overflows from h'ffff to h'0000, ovf is set to 1 in tcsrx. if ovie = 1 in tier, a cpu interrupt is requested. frc can be written and read by the cpu. since frc has 16 bits, data is transferred between the cpu and frc via a temporary register (temp). for details see 9.5.3, cpu interface. frc is initialized to h'0000 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. 2. output compare registers a and b (ocra, ocrb) output compare registers ah and bh (ocrah, ocrbh) output compare registers al and bl (ocral, ocrbl) there are two 16-bit read/write output compare registers, ocra and ocrb, the contents of which are always compared with frc. when the values match, ocfa or ocfb is set to 1 in tcsrx. if bit initial value read/write 15 1 r/w 14 1 r/w 13 1 r/w 12 1 r/w 11 1 r/w 10 1 r/w 9 1 r/w 8 1 r/w 7 1 r/w 6 1 r/w 5 1 r/w 4 1 r/w 3 1 r/w 2 1 r/w 1 1 r/w 0 1 r/w ocrah, ocrbh ocral, ocrbl ocra, ocrb bit initial value read/write 15 0 r/w 14 0 r/w 13 0 r/w 12 0 r/w 11 0 r/w 10 0 r/w 9 0 r/w 8 0 r/w 7 0 r/w 6 0 r/w 5 0 r/w 4 0 r/w 3 0 r/w 2 0 r/w 1 0 r/w 0 0 r/w frch frcl frc 194
ociae = 1 or ocibe = 1 in tier, a cpu interrupt is requested. when a compare match with ocra or ocrb occurs, if oea = 1 or oeb = 1 in tocr, the value selected by olvla or olvlb in tocr is output at the ftoa or ftob pin. after a reset, the output from the ftoa or ftob pin is 0 until the first compare match occurs. ocra and ocrb can be written and read by the cpu. since they are 16-bit registers, data is transferred between them and the cpu via a temporary register (temp). for details see 9.5.3, cpu interface. ocra and ocrb are initialized to h'ffff upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. 3. input capture registers a to d (icra to icrd) input capture registers ah to dh (icrah to icrdh) input capture registers al to dl (icral to icrdl) there are four 16-bit read only input capture registers, icra to icrd. when the falling edge of an input capture signal is input, the frc value is transferred to the corresponding input capture register, and the corresponding input capture flag (icfa to icfd) is set to 1 in tcsrx. if the corresponding input capture interrupt enable bit (iciae to icide) is 1 in tier, a cpu interrupt is requested. the valid edge of the input signal can be selected by bits iedga to iedgd in tcrx. icrc and icrd can also be used as buffer registers for icra and icrb. buffering is enabled by bits bufea and bufeb in tcrx. figure 9-17 shows the interconnections when icrc operates as a buffer register of icra (when bufea = 1). in buffered input capture operations, both the rising and falling edges of the external input signal can be selected simultaneously, by setting iedga iedgc. if iedga = iedgc, then only one edge is selected (either the rising edge or falling edge). see table 9-16. note: the frc value is transferred to the input capture register (icr) regardless of the value of the input capture flag (icf). bit initial value read/write 15 0 r 14 0 r 13 0 r 12 0 r 11 0 r 10 0 r 9 0 r 8 0 r 7 0 r 6 0 r 5 0 r 4 0 r 3 0 r 2 0 r 1 0 r 0 0 r icrah, icrbh, icrch, icrdh icral, icrbl, icrcl, icrdl icra, icrb, icrc, icrd 195
figure 9-17 buffer operation (example) table 9-16 input edge selection during buffer operation iedga iedgc input edge selection 0 0 falling edge of input capture a input signal is captured (initial value) 0 1 rising and falling edge of input capture a input signal are both captured 10 1 1 rising edge of input capture a input signal is captured icra to icrd can be written and read by the cpu. since they are 16-bit registers, data is transferred from them to the cpu via a temporary register (temp). for details see 9.5.3, cpu interface. to assure input capture, the pulse width of the input capture input signal must be at least 1.5 system clocks (? when a single edge is selected, or at least 2.5 system clocks (? when both edges are selected. icra to icrd are initialized to h'0000 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. edge detector and internal capture signal generator icrc icra frc ftia ieoga bufea iedgc 196
4. timer interrupt enable register (tier) tier is an 8-bit read/write register that enables or disables interrupt requests. tier is initialized to h'01 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bit 7: input capture interrupt a enable (iciae) bit 7 enables or disables the icia interrupt requested when icfa is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 7 iciae description 0 interrupt request by icfa (icia) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by icfa (icia) is enabled bit 6: input capture interrupt b enable (icibe) bit 6 enables or disables the icib interrupt requested when icfb is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 6 icibe description 0 interrupt request by icfb (icib) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by icfb (icib) is enabled bit 5: input capture interrupt c enable (icice) bit 5 enables or disables the icic interrupt requested when icfc is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 5 icice description 0 interrupt request by icfc (icic) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by icfc (icic) is enabled bit initial value read/write 7 iciae 0 r/w 6 icibe 0 r/w 5 icice 0 r/w 4 icide 0 r/w 3 ociae 0 r/w 0 1 2 ocibe 0 r/w 1 ovie 0 r/w 197
bit 4: input capture interrupt d enable (icide) bit 4 enables or disables the icid interrupt requested when icfd is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 4 icide description 0 interrupt request by icfd (icid) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by icfd (icid) is enabled bit 3: output compare interrupt a enable (ociae) bit 3 enables or disables the ocia interrupt requested when ocfa is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 3 ociae description 0 interrupt request by ocfa (ocia) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by ocfa (ocia) is enabled bit 2: output compare interrupt b enable (ocibe) bit 2 enables or disables the ocib interrupt requested when ocfb is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 2 ocibe description 0 interrupt request by ocfb (ocib) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by ocfb (ocib) is enabled bit 1: timer overflow interrupt enable (ovie) bit 1 enables or disables the fovi interrupt requested when ovf is set to 1 in tcsrx. bit 1 ovie description 0 interrupt request by ovf (fovi) is disabled (initial value) 1 interrupt request by ovf (fovi) is enabled bit 0: reserved bit bit 0 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. 198
5. timer control/status register x (tcsrx) tcsrx is an 8-bit register that selects clearing of the counter and controls interrupt request signals. tcsrx is initialized to h'00 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. other timing is described in section 9-6-3, timer operation. bit 7: input capture flag a (icfa) bit 7 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icra by an input capture signal. if bufea is set to 1 in tcrx, icfa indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icra by an input capture signal and that the icra value before this update has been transferred to icrc. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 7 icfa description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading icfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfa 1 setting conditions: set when the frc value is transferred to icra by an input capture signal bit 6: input capture flag b (icfb) bit 6 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icrb by an input capture signal. if bufeb is set to 1 in tcrx, icfb indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icrb by an input capture signal and that the icrb value before this update has been transferred to icrd. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 6 icfb description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading icfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfb 1 setting conditions: set when the frc value is transferred to icrb by an input capture signal bit initial value read/write 7 icfa 0 r/(w) 6 icfb 0 r/(w) 5 icfc 0 r/(w) 4 icfd 0 r/(w) 3 ocfa 0 r/(w) 0 cclra 0 r/w 2 ocfb 0 r/(w) 1 ovf 0 r/(w) *** note: * bits 7 to 1 can only be written with 0 for flag clearing. *** * 199
bit 5: input capture flag c (icfc) bit 5 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icrc by an input capture signal. if bufea is set to 1 in tcrx, icfc is set by the input capture signal even though the frc value is not transferred to icrc. in buffered operation, icfc can accordingly be used as an external interrupt, by setting the icice bit to 1. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 5 icfc description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading icfc = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfc 1 setting conditions: set by input capture signal bit 4: input capture flag d (icfd) bit 4 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has been transferred to icrd by an input capture signal. if bufeb is set to 1 in tcrx, icfd is set by the input capture signal even though the frc value is not transferred to icrd. in buffered operation, icfd can accordingly be used as an external interrupt, by setting the icide bit to 1. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 4 icfd description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading icfd = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfd 1 setting conditions: set by input capture signal bit 3: output compare flag a (ocfa) bit 3 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has matched ocra. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 3 ocfa description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading ocfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ocfa 1 setting conditions: set when frc matches ocra 200
bit 2: output compare flag b (ocfb) bit 2 is a status flag that indicates that the frc value has matched ocrb. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 2 ocfb description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading ocfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ocfb 1 setting conditions: set when frc matches ocrb bit 1: timer overflow flag (ovf) bit 1 is a status flag that indicates that frc has overflowed from h'ffff to h'0000. this flag is set by hardware and cleared by software. it cannot be set by software. bit 1 ovf description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading ovf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ovf 1 setting conditions: set when the frc value overflows from h'ffff to h'0000 bit 0: counter clear a (cclra) bit 0 selects whether or not to clear frc by compare match a (when frc matches ocra). bit 0 cclra description 0 frc is not cleared by compare match a (initial value) 1 frc is cleared by compare match a 201
6. timer control register x (tcrx) tcrx is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the valid edges of the input capture signals, enables buffering, and selects the frc clock source. tcrx is initialized to h'00 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bit 7: input edge select a (iedga) bit 7 selects the rising or falling edge of the input capture a input signal (ftia). bit 7 iedga description 0 falling edge of input a is captured (initial value) 1 rising edge of input a is captured bit 6: input edge select b (iedgb) bit 6 selects the rising or falling edge of the input capture b input signal (ftib). bit 6 iedgb description 0 falling edge of input b is captured (initial value) 1 rising edge of input b is captured bit 5: input edge select c (iedgc) bit 5 selects the rising or falling edge of the input capture c input signal (ftic). bit 5 iedgc description 0 falling edge of input c is captured (initial value) 1 rising edge of input c is captured bit initial value read/write 7 iedga 0 r/w 6 iedgb 0 r/w 5 iedgc 0 r/w 4 iedgd 0 r/w 3 bufea 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 bufeb 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 202
bit 4: input edge select d (iedgd) bit 4 selects the rising or falling edge of the input capture d input signal (ftid). bit 4 iedgd description 0 falling edge of input d is captured (initial value) 1 rising edge of input d is captured bit 3: buffer enable a (bufea) bit 3 selects whether or not to use icrc as a buffer register for icra. bit 3 bufea description 0 icrc is not used as a buffer register for icra (initial value) 1 icrc is used as a buffer register for icra bit 2: buffer enable b (bufeb) bit 2 selects whether or not to use icrd as a buffer register for icrb. bit 2 bufeb description 0 icrd is not used as a buffer register for icrb (initial value) 1 icrd is used as a buffer register for icrb bits 1 and 0: clock select (cks1, cks0) bits 1 and 0 select one of three internal clock sources or an external clock for input to frc. the external clock is counted on the rising edge. bit 1 bit 0 cks1 cks0 description 0 0 internal clock: /2 (initial value) 0 1 internal clock: /8 1 0 internal clock: /32 1 1 external clock: rising edge 203
7. timer output compare control register (tocr) tocr is an 8-bit read/write register that selects the output compare output levels, enables output compare output, and controls access to ocra and ocrb. tocr is initialized to h'e0 upon reset and in standby mode, watch mode, subsleep mode, and subactive mode. bits 7 to 5: reserved bits bit 7 to 5 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 4: output compare register select (ocrs) ocra and ocrb share the same address. ocrs selects which register is accessed when this address is written or read. it does not affect the operation of ocra and ocrb. bit 4 ocrs description 0 ocra is selected (initial value) 1 ocrb is selected bit 3: output enable a (oea) bit 3 enables or disables the timer output controlled by output compare a. bit 3 oea description 0 output compare a output is disabled (initial value) 1 output compare a output is enabled bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 ocrs 0 r/w 3 oea 0 r/w 0 olvlb 0 r/w 2 oeb 0 r/w 1 olvla 0 r/w 204
bit 2: output enable b (oeb) bit 2 enables or disables the timer output controlled by output compare b. bit 2 oeb description 0 output compare b output is disabled (initial value) 1 output compare b output is enabled bit 1: output level a (olvla) bit 1 selects the output level that is output at pin ftoa by compare match a (when frc matches ocra). bit 1 olvla description 0 low level (initial value) 1 high level bit 0: output level b (olvlb) bit 0 selects the output level that is output at pin ftob by compare match b (when frc matches ocrb). bit 0 olvlb description 0 low level (initial value) 1 high level 9.5.3 cpu interface frc, ocra, ocrb, and icra to icrd are 16-bit registers, but the cpu is connected to the on- chip peripheral modules by an 8-bit data bus. when the cpu accesses these registers, it therefore uses an 8-bit temporary register (temp). these registers should always be accessed 16 bits at a time. if two consecutive byte-size mov instructions are used, the upper byte must be accessed first and the lower byte second. data will not be transferred correctly if only the upper byte or only the lower byte is accessed. 205
1. write access write access to the upper byte results in transfer of the upper-byte write data to temp. next, write access to the lower byte results in transfer of the data in temp to the upper register byte, and direct transfer of the lower-byte write data to the lower register byte. figure 9-18 shows an example of the writing of h'aa55 to frc. figure 9-18 write access to frc (cpu ? frc) cpu (h'aa) write to upper byte write to lower byte cpu (h'55) bus interface bus interface module data bus module data bus temp (h'aa) frch ( ) frcl ( ) temp (h'aa) frch (h'aa) frcl (h'55) 206
2. read access in access to frc and icra to icrd, when the upper byte is read the upper-byte data is transferred directly to the cpu and the lower-byte data is transferred to temp. next, when the lower byte is read, the lower-byte data in temp is transferred to the cpu. in access to ocra or ocrb, when the upper byte is read the upper-byte data is transferred directly to the cpu, and when the lower byte is read the lower-byte data is transferred directly to the cpu. figure 9-19 shows an example of the reading of frc when frc contains h'aaff. figure 9-19 read access to frc (frc ? cpu) cpu (h'aa) read upper byte read lower byte cpu (h'ff) bus interface bus interface module data bus module data bus temp (h'ff) frch (h'aa) frcl (h'ff) temp (h'ff) frch ( ab ) frcl ( 00 ) note: * h'ab00 if counter has been updated once. 207
9.5.4 timer operation 1. timer operation output compare operation following a reset, frc is initialized to h'0000 and starts counting up. bits cks1 and cks0 in tcrx can select one of three internal clock sources or an external clock for input to frc. the frc contents are compared constantly with ocra and ocrb. when a match occurs, the output at pin ftoa or ftob goes to the level selected by olvla or olvlb in tocr. following a reset, the output at both ftoa and ftob is 0 until the first compare match. if cclra is set to 1 in tcsrx, compare match a clears frc to h'0000. input capture operation following a reset, frc is initialized to h'0000 and starts counting up. bits cks1 and cks0 in tcrx can select one of three internal clock sources or an external clock for input to frc. when the edges selected by bits iedga to iedgd in tcrx are input at pins ftia to ftid, the frc value is transferred to icra to icrd, and icfa to icfd are set in tcsrx. if bits iciae to icide are set to 1 in tier, a cpu interrupt is requested. if bits bufea and bufeb are set to 1 in tcrx, icrc and icrd operate as buffer registers for icra or icrb. when the edges selected by bits iedga to iedgd in tcrx are input at pins ftia and ftib, the frc value is transferred to icra or icrb, and the previous value in icra or icrb is transferred to icrc or icrd. simultaneously, icfa or icfb is set in tcsrx. if bit iciae or icibe is set to 1 in tier, a cpu interrupt is requested. 208
2. frc count timing frc is incremented by clock input. bits cks1 and cks0 in tcrx can select one of three internal clock sources (?2, ?8, ?32) or an external clock. internal clock bits cks1 and cks0 in tcrx select one of three internal clock sources (?2, ?8, ?32) created by dividing the system clock (?. figure 9-20 shows the increment timing. figure 9-20 increment timing with internal clock n ?1 frc input clock frc internal clock n n + 1 209
external clock external clock input is selected when bits cks1 and cks0 are both set to 1 in tcrx. frc increments on the rising edge of the external clock. an external pulse width of at least 1.5 system clocks (? is necessary. shorter pulses will not be counted correctly. figure 9-21 shows the timing. figure 9-21 increment timing with external clock n ?1 n frc input clock frc ftci (external clock input pin) 210
3. output compare timing when a compare match occurs, the output level selected by the olvl bit in tocr is output at pin ftoa or ftob. figure 9-22 shows the output timing for output compare a. figure 9-22 output compare a output timing n + 1 n n + 1 n n ocra compare match a signal frc olvla ftoa (output compare a output pin) clear * note: * by execution of a software instruction. 211
4. frc clear timing frc can be cleared by compare match a. figure 9-23 shows the timing. figure 9-23 clear timing by compare match a 5. input capture timing input capture timing the rising or falling edge is selected for input capture by bits iedga to iedgd in tcrx. figure 9-24 shows the timing when the rising edge is selected (iedga/b/c/d = 1). figure 9-24 input capture signal timing (normal case) if the input at the input capture pin occurs while the upper byte of the corresponding input capture register (icra to icrd) is being read, the internal input capture signal is delayed by one system clock (?. figure 9-25 shows the timing. internal input capture signal input capture pin n h'0000 frc compare match a signal 212
figure 9-25 input capture signal timing (during icra-icrd read) buffered input capture timing input capture can be buffered by using icrc or icrd as a buffer for icra or icrb. figure 9-26 shows the timing when icra is buffered by icrc (bufea = 1) and both the rising and falling edges are selected (iedga = 1 and iedgc = 0, or iedga = 0 and iedgc = 1). figure 9-26 buffered input capture timing (normal case) n n + 1 n n + 1 mn nn mm mn ftia internal input capture signal frc icra icrc internal input capture signal input capture pin t 1 t 2 t 3 icra-icrd upper byte read cycle 213
when icrc or icrd is used as a buffer register, the input capture flag is still set by the selected edge of the input capture input signal. for example, if icrc is used to buffer icra, when the edge transition selected by the iedgc bit occurs at the input capture pin, icfc will be set, and if the iciec bit is set to 1, an interrupt will be requested. the frc value will not be transferred to icrc, however. in buffered operation, if the upper byte of one of the two registers that receives a data transfer (icra and icrc, or icrb and icrd) is being read when an internal input capture signal would normally occur, the internal input capture signal will be delayed by one system clock (?. figure 9-27 shows the case when bufea = 1. figure 9-27 buffered input capture signal timing (during icra or icrc read) internal input capture signal ftia t 1 t 2 t 3 icra or icrc upper byte read cycle by cpu 214
6. input capture flag (icfa to icfd) set timing figure 9-28 shows the timing when an input capture flag (icfa to icfd) is set to 1 and the frc value is transferred to the corresponding input capture register (icra to icrd). figure 9-28 icfa to icfd set timing 7. output compare flag (ocfa or ocfb) set timing ocfa and ocfb are set to 1 by internal compare match signals that are output when frc matches ocra or ocrb. the compare match signal is generated in the last state during which the values match (when frc is updated from the matching value to a new value). when frc matches ocra or ocrb, the compare match signal is not generated until the next counter clock. figure 9-29 shows the ocfa and ocfb set timing. icfa to icfd frc internal input capture signal n n icra to icrd 215
figure 9-29 ocfa and ocfb set timing 8. overflow flag (ovf) set timing ovf is set to 1 when frc overflows from h'ffff to h'0000. figure 9-30 shows the timing. figure 9-30 ovf set timing h'ffff h'0000 overflow signal frc ovf ocra, ocrb internal compare match signal frc n n + 1 n ocfa, ocfb 216
9.5.5 timer x operation modes figure 9-17 shows the timer x operation modes. table 9-17 timer x operation modes sub- sub- operation mode reset active sleep watch active sleep standby frc reset functions functions reset reset reset reset ocra, ocrb reset functions functions reset reset reset reset icra to icrd reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tier reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tcrx reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tocr reset functions functions reset reset reset reset tcsrx reset functions functions reset reset reset reset 9.5.6 interrupt sources timer x has three types of interrupts and seven interrupt sources: icia to icid, ocia, ocib, and fovi. table 9-18 lists the sources of interrupt requests. each interrupt source can be enabled or disabled by an interrupt enable bit in tier. although all seven interrupts share the same vector, they have individual interrupt flags, so software can discriminate the interrupt source. table 9-18 timer x interrupt sources interrupt description vector address icia interrupt requested by icfa h'0020 icib interrupt requested by icfb icic interrupt requested by icfc icid interrupt requested by icfd ocia interrupt requested by ocfa ocib interrupt requested by ocfb fovi interrupt requested by ovf 217
9.5.7 timer x application example figure 9-31 shows an example of the output of pulse signals with a 50% duty cycle and arbitrary phase offset. to set up this output: set bit cclra to 1 in tcsrx. have software invert the olvla and olvlb bits at each corresponding compare match. figure 9-31 pulse output example frc counter cleared h'ffff ocra ocrb h'0000 ftoa ftob 218
9.5.8 application notes the following types of contention can occur in timer x operation. 1. contention between frc write and counter clear if an frc clear signal is generated in the t 3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of frc, clearing takes precedence and the write to the counter is not carried out. figure 9-32 shows the timing. figure 9-32 contention between frc write and clear t 1 t 2 t 3 frc lower byte write cycle address frc address internal write signal counter clear signal frc n h'0000 219
2. contention between frc write and increment if an frc increment clock signal is generated in the t 3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of frc, the write takes precedence and the counter is not incremented. figure 9-33 shows the timing. figure 9-33 contention between frc write and increment t 1 t 2 t 3 frc lower byte write cycle address internal write signal frc input clock frc n m frc write data frc address 220
3. contention between ocr write and compare match if a compare match is generated in the t 3 state of a write cycle to the lower byte of ocra or ocrb, the write to ocra or ocrb takes precedence and the compare match signal is inhibited. figure 9-34 shows the timing. figure 9-34 contention between ocr write and compare match t 1 t 2 t 3 ocr lower byte write cycle address internal write signal frc ocr n m write data ocr address n n + 1 internal compare match signal inhibited 221
4. internal clock switching and counter operation depending on the timing, frc may be incremented by a switch between different internal clock sources. table 9-19 shows the relation between internal clock switchover timing (by writing to bits cks1 and cks0) and frc operation. when frc is internally clocked, an increment pulse is generated from the falling edge of an internal clock signal, which is divided from the system clock (?. for this reason, in a case like no. 3 in table 9-19 where the switch is from a high clock signal to a low clock signal, the switchover is seen as a falling edge, causing frc to increment. frc can also be incremented by a switch between internal and external clocks. table 9-19 internal clock switching and frc operation clock levels before and after modifying no. bits cks1 and cks0 frc operation 1 goes from low level to low level 2 goes from low to high 222 n + 1 clock before switching clock after switching count clock frc write to cks1 and cks0 n n + 1 n + 2 clock before switching clock after switching count clock frc write to cks1 and cks0 n
table 9-19 internal clock switching and frc operation (cont) clock levels before and after modifying no. bits cks1 and cks0 frc operation 3 goes from high level to low level 4 goes from high to high note: * the switchover is seen as a falling edge, and frc is incremented. 223 n + 1 n n + 2 * clock before switching clock after switching count clock frc write to cks1 and cks0 n + 1 n + 2 n clock before switching clock after switching count clock write to cks1 and cks0 frc
9.6 watchdog timer 9.6.1 overview the watchdog timer has an 8-bit counter that is incremented by an input clock. if a system runaway allows the counter value to overflow before being rewritten, the watchdog timer can reset the chip internally. 1. features features of the watchdog timer are given below. incremented by internal clock source (?8192). a reset signal is generated when the counter overflows. the overflow period can be set from from 1 to 256 times 8192/?(from approximately 2 ms to 500 ms when ?= 4.19 mhz). 2. block diagram figure 9-35 shows a block diagram of the watchdog timer. figure 9-35 block diagram of watchdog timer pss tcsrw tcw ?8192 notation: tcsrw: tcw: pss: internal data bus reset signal timer control/status register w timer counter w prescaler s 224
3. register configuration table 9-20 shows the register configuration of the watchdog timer. table 9-20 watchdog timer registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address timer control/status register w tcsrw r/w h'aa h'ffbe timer counter w tcw r/w h'00 h'ffbf 9.6.2 register descriptions 1. timer control/status register w (tcsrw) tcsrw is an 8-bit read/write register that controls write access to tcw and tcsrw itself, controls watchdog timer operations, and indicates operating status. bit 7: bit 6 write inhibit (b6wi) bit 7 controls the writing of data to bit 6 in tcsrw. bit 7 b6wi description 0 bit 6 is write-enabled 1 bit 6 is write-protected (initial value) this bit is always read as 1. data written to this bit is not stored. bit initial value read/write 7 b6wi 1 r 6 tcwe 0 r/w 5 b4wi 1 r 4 tcsrwe 0 r/w 3 b2wi 1 r 0 wrst 0 r/w 2 wdon 0 r/w 1 b0wi 1 r * note: * ** * write is permitted only under certain conditions, which are given in the descriptions of the individual bits. 225
bit 6: timer counter w write enable (tcwe) bit 6 controls the writing of data to tcw. bit 6 tcwe description 0 data cannot be written to tcw (initial value) 1 data can be written to tcw bit 5: bit 4 write inhibit (b4wi) bit 5 controls the writing of data to bit 4 in tcsrw. bit 5 b4wi description 0 bit 4 is write-enabled (initial value) 1 bit 4 is write-protected this bit is always read as 1. data written to this bit is not stored. bit 4: timer control/status register w write enable (tcsrwe) bit 4 controls the writing of data to tcsrw bits 2 and 0. bit 4 tcsrwe description 0 data cannot be written to bits 2 and 0 (initial value) 1 data can be written to bits 2 and 0 bit 3: bit 2 write inhibit (b2wi) bit 3 controls the writing of data to bit 2 in tcsrw. bit 3 b2wi description 0 bit 2 is write-enabled 1 bit 2 is write-protected (initial value) this bit is always read as 1. data written to this bit is not stored. 226
bit 2: watchdog timer on (wdon) bit 2 enables watchdog timer operation. bit 2 wdon description 0 watchdog timer operation is disabled (initial value) clearing conditions: reset, or when tcsrwe = 1 and 0 is written in both b2wi and wdon 1 watchdog timer operation is enabled setting conditions: when tcsrwe = 1 and 0 is written in b2wi and 1 is written in wdon counting starts when this bit is set to 1, and stops when this bit is cleared to 0. bit 1: bit 0 write inhibit (b0wi) bit 1 controls the writing of data to bit 0 in tcsrw. bit 1 b0wi description 0 bit 0 is write-enabled 1 bit 0 is write-protected (initial value) this bit is always read as 1. data written to this bit is not stored. bit 0: watchdog timer reset (wrst) bit 0 indicates that tcw has overflowed, generating an internal reset signal. the internal reset signal generated by the overflow resets the entire chip. wrst is cleared to 0 by a reset from the res pin, or when software writes 0. bit 0 wrst description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) reset by res pin when tcsrwe = 1, and 0 is written in both b0wi and wrst 1 setting conditions: when tcw overflows and an internal reset signal is generated 227
2. timer counter w (tcw) tcw is an 8-bit read/write up-counter, which is incremented by internal clock input. the input clock is ?8192. the tcw value can always be written or read by the cpu. when tcw overflows from h'ff to h'00, an internal reset signal is generated and wrst is set to 1 in tcsrw. upon reset, tcw is initialized to h'00. 9.6.3 timer operation the watchdog timer has an 8-bit counter (tcw) that is incremented by clock input (?8192). when tcsrwe = 1 in tcsrw, if 0 is written in b2wi and 1 is simultaneously written in wdon, tcw starts counting up. when the tcw count value reaches h'ff, the next clock input causes the watchdog timer to overflow and generates an internal reset signal. the internal reset signal is output for 512 clock cycles of the osc clock. it is possible to write to tcw, causing tcw to count up from the written value. the overflow period can be set in the range from 1 to 256 input clocks, depending on the value written in tcw. bit initial value read/write 7 tcw7 0 r/w 6 tcw6 0 r/w 5 tcw5 0 r/w 4 tcw4 0 r/w 3 tcw3 0 r/w 0 tcw0 0 r/w 2 tcw2 0 r/w 1 tcw1 0 r/w 228
figure 9-36 shows an example of watchdog timer operations. example: ?= 4 mhz and the desired overflow period is 30 ms. 4 10 6 30 10 ? = 14.6 8192 the value set in tcw should therefore be 256 ?15 = 241 (h'f1). figure 9-36 typical watchdog timer operations (example) 9.6.4 watchdog timer operation states table 9-21 summarizes the watchdog timer operation states. table 9-21 watchdog timer operation states sub- sub- operation mode reset active sleep watch active sleep standby tcw reset functions functions halted halted halted halted tcsrw reset functions functions retained retained retained retained h'f1 tcw overflow start h'f1 written in tcw h'f1 written in tcw reset internal reset signal 512 osc clock cycles h'ff h'00 tcw count value 229

section 10 serial communication interface 10.1 overview the h8/3657 series is provided with a two-channel serial communication interface (sci). table 10-1 summarizes the functions and features of the two sci channels. table 10-1 serial communication interface functions channel functions features sci1 synchronous serial transfer choice of 8-bit or 16-bit data length continuous clock output sci3 synchronous serial transfer 8-bit data length send, receive, or simultaneous send/receive asynchronous serial transfer multiprocessor communication choice of 7-bit or 8-bit data length choice of 1 or 2 stop bits parity addition 10.2 sci1 10.2.1 overview serial communication interface 1 (sci1) performs synchronous serial transfer of 8-bit or 16-bit data. ssb (synchronized serial bus) communication is also provided, enabling multiple ics to be controlled. 1. features choice of 8-bit or 16-bit data length choice of eight internal clock sources (?1024, ?256, ?64, ?32, ?16, ?8, ?4, ?2) or an external clock interrupt requested at completion of transfer choice of hold mode or latch mode in ssb mode 231 choice of 8 internal clocks (?1024 to ?2) or external clock open drain output possible interrupt requested at completion of transfer on-chip baud rate generator receive error detection break detection interrupt requested at completion of transfer or error
2. block diagram figure 10-1 shows a block diagram of sci1. figure 10-1 sci1 block diagram sck 1 si 1 so 1 scr1 scsr1 sdru sdrl pss transfer bit counter transmit/receive control circuit internal data bus notation: scr1: scsr1: sdru: sdrl: irrs1: pss: serial control register 1 serial control/status register 1 serial data register u serial data register l sci1 interrupt request flag prescaler s irrs1 232
3. pin configuration table 10-2 shows the sci1 pin configuration. table 10-2 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function sci1 clock pin sck 1 i/o sci1 clock input or output sci1 data input pin si 1 input sci1 receive data input sci1 data output pin so 1 output sci1 transmit data output 4. register configuration table 10-3 shows the sci1 register configuration. table 10-3 sci1 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address serial control register 1 scr1 r/w h'00 h'ffa0 serial control status register 1 scsr1 r/w h'9c h'ffa1 serial data register u sdru r/w not fixed h'ffa2 serial data register l sdrl r/w not fixed h'ffa3 10.2.2 register descriptions 1. serial control register 1 (scr1) scr1 is an 8-bit read/write register for selecting the operation mode, the transfer clock source, and the prescaler division ratio. upon reset, scr1 is initialized to h'00. writing to this register during a transfer stops the transfer. bit initial value read/write 7 snc1 0 r/w 6 snc0 0 r/w 5 mrkon 0 r/w 4 ltch 0 r/w 3 cks3 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 233
bits 7 and 6: operation mode select 1, 0 (snc1, snc0) bits 7 and 6 select the operation mode. bit 7 bit 6 snc1 snc0 description 0 0 8-bit synchronous transfer mode (initial value) 0 1 16-bit synchronous transfer mode 1 0 continuous clock output mode * 1 1 1 reserved * 2 notes: 1. pins si 1 and so 1 should be used as general input or output ports. 2. don? set bits snc1 and snc0 to 11. bits 5: tail mark control (mrkon) bit 5 controls tail mark output after an 8- or 16-bit data transfer. bit 5 mrkon description 0 tail mark is not output (synchronous mode) (initial value) 1 tail mark is output (ssb mode) bits 4: latch tail select (ltch) bit 4 selects whether latch tail or hold tail is output as tail mark when bit mrkon is set to 1 (ssb mode). bit 4 ltch description 0 hold tail is output (initial value) 1 latch tail is output bit 3: clock source select (cks3) bit 3 selects the clock source and sets pin sck 1 as an input or output pin. bit 3 cks3 description 0 clock source is prescaler s, and pin sck 1 is output pin (initial value) 1 clock source is external clock, and pin sck 1 is input pin * note: * input an external clock equivalent to a frequency lower than ?4. 234
bits 2 to 0: clock select (cks2 to cks 0) when cks3 = 0, bits 2 to 0 select the prescaler division ratio and the serial clock cycle. bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 serial clock cycle cks2 cks1 cks0 prescaler division ?= 5 mhz ?= 2.5 mhz 0 0 0 ?1024 (initial value) 204.8 ? 409.6 ? 0 0 1 ?256 51.2 ? 102.4 ? 0 1 0 ?64 12.8 ? 25.6 ? 0 1 1 ?32 6.4 ? 12.8 ? 1 0 0 ?16 3.2 ? 6.4 ? 1 0 1 ?8 1.6 ? 3.2 ? 1 1 0 ?4 0.8 ? 1.6 ? 1 1 1 ?2 0.8 ? 235
2. serial control/status register 1 (scsr1) note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. scsr1 is an 8-bit read/write register indicating operation status and error status. upon reset, scsr1 is initialized to h'9c. bit 7: reserved bit bit 7 is reserved; it is always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 6: extended data bit (sol) bit 6 sets the so 1 output level. when read, sol returns the output level at the so 1 pin. after completion of a transmission, so 1 continues to output the value of the last bit of transmitted data. the so 1 output can be changed by writing to sol before or after a transmission. the sol bit setting remains valid only until the start of the next transmission. the setting is also invalid in ssb mode. to control the level of the so 1 pin after transmission ends, it is necessary to write to the sol bit at the end of each transmission. do not write to this register while transmission is in progress, because that may cause a malfunction. bit 6 sol description 0 read: so 1 pin output level is low (initial value) write: so 1 pin output level changes to low 1 read: so 1 pin output level is high write: so 1 pin output level changes to high bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 sol 0 r/w 5 orer 0 r/(w) 4 1 3 1 0 stf 0 r/w 2 1 1 mtrf 0 r * 236
bit 5: overrun error flag (orer) when an external clock is used, bit 5 indicates the occurrence of an overrun error. if a clock pulse is input after transfer completion, this bit is set to 1 indicating an overrun. if noise occurs during a transfer, causing an extraneous pulse to be superimposed on the normal serial clock, incorrect data may be transferred. bit 5 orer description 0 clearing conditions: (initial value) after reading orer = 1, cleared by writing 0 to orer 1 setting conditions: set if a clock pulse is input after transfer is complete, when an external clock is used bits 4 to 2: reserved bits bits 4 to 2 are reserved. they are always read as 0, and cannot be modified. bit 1: tail mark transmit flag (mtrf) when bit mrkon is set to 1, bit 1 indicates that tail mark is being sent. bit 1 is a read-only bit and cannot be modified. bit 1 mtrf description 0 idle state, or 8- or 16-bit data is being transferred (initial value) 1 tail mark is being sent bit 0: start flag (stf) bit 0 controls the start of a transfer. setting this bit to 1 causes sci1 to start transferring data. during the transfer or while waiting for the first clock pulse, this bit remains set to 1. it is cleared to 0 upon completion of the transfer. it can therefore be used as a busy flag. bit 0 stf description 0 read: indicates that transfer is stopped (initial value) write: invalid 1 read: indicates transfer in progress write: starts a transfer operation 237
3. serial data register u (sdru) sdru is an 8-bit read/write register. it is used as the data register for the upper 8 bits in 16-bit transfer (sdrl is used for the lower 8 bits). data written to sdru is output to sdrl starting from the least significant bit (lsb). this data is then replaced by lsb-first data input at pin si1, which is shifted in the direction from the most significant bit (msb) toward the lsb. sdru must be written or read only after data transmission or reception is complete. if this register is written or read while a data transfer is in progress, the data contents are not guaranteed. the sdru value upon reset is not fixed. 4. serial data register l (sdrl) sdrl is an 8-bit read/write register. it is used as the data register in 8-bit transfer, and as the data register for the lower 8 bits in 16-bit transfer (sdru is used for the upper 8 bits). in 8-bit transfer, data written to sdrl is output from pin so 1 starting from the least significant bit (lsb). this data is then replaced by lsb-first data input at pin si 1 , which is shifted in the direction from the most significant bit (msb) toward the lsb. in 16-bit transfer, operation is the same as for 8-bit transfer, except that input data is fed in via sdru. sdrl must be written or read only after data transmission or reception is complete. if this register is read or written while a data transfer is in progress, the data contents are not guaranteed. the sdrl value upon reset is not fixed. bit initial value read/write 7 sdrl7 not fixed r/w 6 sdrl6 not fixed r/w 5 sdrl5 not fixed r/w 4 sdrl4 not fixed r/w 3 sdrl3 not fixed r/w 0 sdrl0 not fixed r/w 2 sdrl2 not fixed r/w 1 sdrl1 not fixed r/w bit initial value read/write 7 sdru7 not fixed r/w 6 sdru6 not fixed r/w 5 sdru5 not fixed r/w 4 sdru4 not fixed r/w 3 sdru3 not fixed r/w 0 sdru0 not fixed r/w 2 sdru2 not fixed r/w 1 sdru1 not fixed r/w 238
10.2.3 operation in synchronous mode data can be sent and received in an 8-bit or 16-bit format, synchronized to an internal or external serial clock. overrun errors can be detected when an external clock is used. 1. clock the serial clock can be selected from a choice of eight internal clocks and an external clock. when an internal clock source is selected, pin sck 1 becomes the clock output pin. when continuous clock output mode is selected (scr1 bits snc1 and snc0 are set to 10), the clock signal (?1024 to ?2) selected in bits cks2 to cks0 is output continuously from pin sck 1 . when an external clock is used, pin sck 1 is the clock input pin. 2. data transfer format figure 10-2 shows the data transfer format. data is sent and received starting from the least significant bit, in lsb-first format. transmit data is output from one falling edge of the serial clock until the next rising edge. receive data is latched at the rising edge of the serial clock. figure 10-2 transfer format 3. data transfer operations transmitting a transmit operation is carried out as follows. 1. set bits so1 and sck1 to 1 in pmr3 to select the so 1 and sck 1 pin functions. if necessary, set bit pof1 in pmr7 for nmos open-drain output at pin so 1 . 2. clear bit snc1 in scr1 to 0, set bit snc0 to 0 or 1, and clear bit mrkon to 0, designating 8- or 16-bit synchronous transfer mode. select the serial clock in bits cks3 to cks0. writing data to scr1 when bit mrkon in scr1 is cleared to 0 initializes the internal state of sci1. 3. write transmit data in sdrl and sdru, as follows. 8-bit transfer mode: sdrl 16-bit transfer mode: upper byte in sdru, lower byte in sdrl sck so /si 1 11 bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 239
4. set the scsr1 start flag (stf) to 1. sci1 starts operating and outputs transmit data at pin so 1 . 5. after data transmission is complete, bit irrs1 in interrupt request register 2 (irr2) is set to 1. when an internal clock is used, a serial clock is output from pin sck 1 in synchronization with the transmit data. after data transmission is complete, the serial clock is not output until the next time the start flag is set to 1. during this time, pin so 1 continues to output the value of the last bit transmitted. when an external clock is used, data is transmitted in synchronization with the serial clock input at pin sck 1 . after data transmission is complete, an overrun occurs if the serial clock continues to be input; no data is transmitted and the scsr1 overrun error flag (bit orer) is set to 1. while transmission is stopped, the output value of pin so 1 can be changed by rewriting bit sol in scsr1. receiving a receive operation is carried out as follows. 1. set bits si1 and sck1 to 1 in pmr3 to select the si 1 and sck 1 pin functions. 2. clear bit snc1 in scr1 to 0, set bit snc0 to 0 or 1, and clear bit mrkon to 0, designating 8- or 16-bit synchronous transfer mode. select the serial clock in bits cks3 to cks0. writing data to scr1 when bit mrkon in scr1 is cleared to 0 initializes the internal state of sci1. 3. set the scsr1 start flag (stf) to 1. sci1 starts operating and receives data at pin si 1 . 4. after data reception is complete, bit irrs1 in interrupt request register 2 (irr2) is set to 1. 5. read the received data from sdrl and sdru, as follows. 8-bit transfer mode: sdrl 16-bit transfer mode: upper byte in sdru, lower byte in sdrl 6. after data reception is complete, an overrun occurs if the serial clock continues to be input; no data is received and the scsr1 overrun error flag (bit orer) is set to 1. 240
simultaneous transmit/receive a simultaneous transmit/receive operation is carried out as follows. 1. set bits so1, si1, and sck1 to 1 in pmr3 to select the so 1 , si 1 , and sck 1 pin functions. if necessary, set bit pof1 in pmr7 for nmos open-drain output at pin so 1 . 2. clear bit snc1 in scr1 to 0, set bit snc0 to 0 or 1, and clear bit mrkon to 0, designating 8- or 16-bit synchronous transfer mode. select the serial clock in bits cks3 to cks0. writing data to scr1 when bit mrkon in scr1 is cleared to 0 initializes the internal state of sci1. 3. write transmit data in sdrl and sdru, as follows. 8-bit transfer mode: sdrl 16-bit transfer mode: upper byte in sdru, lower byte in sdrl 4. set the scsr1 start flag (stf) to 1. sci1 starts operating. transmit data is output at pin so 1 . receive data is input at pin si 1 . 5. after data transmission and reception are complete, bit irrs1 in irr2 is set to 1. 6. read the received data from sdrl and sdru, as follows. 8-bit transfer mode: sdrl 16-bit transfer mode: upper byte in sdru, lower byte in sdrl when an internal clock is used, a serial clock is output from pin sck 1 in synchronization with the transmit data. after data transmission is complete, the serial clock is not output until the next time the start flag is set to 1. during this time, pin so 1 continues to output the value of the last bit transmitted. when an external clock is used, data is transmitted and received in synchronization with the serial clock input at pin sck 1 . after data transmission and reception are complete, an overrun occurs if the serial clock continues to be input; no data is transmitted or received and the scsr1 overrun error flag (bit orer) is set to 1. while transmission is stopped, the output value of pin so 1 can be changed by rewriting bit sol in scsr1. 241
10.2.4 operation in ssb mode ssb communication uses two lines, scl (serial clock) and sda (serial data), and enables multiple ics to be connected as shown in figure 10-3. in ssb mode, tail mark is sent after an 8- or 16-bit data transfer. hold tail or latch tail can be selected as tail mark. figure 10-3 example of ssb connection 1. clock the transfer clock can be selected from eight internal clocks or an external clock, but since the h8/3657 series uses clock output, an external clock should not be selected. the transfer rate can be selected by bits cks2 to cks0 in scr1. since this is also the tail mark transfer rate, the setting should be made to give a transfer clock cycle of at least 2 ?. h8/3657 series lsi sck so scl sda 1 1 scl sda ic-a scl sda ic-b scl sda ic-c 242
2. data transfer format figure 10-4 shows the sci1 transfer format. data is sent starting from the least significant bit, in lsb-first format. tail mark is sent after an 8- or 16-bit data transfer. figure 10-4 transfer format (when snc1 = 0, snc0 = 1, mrkon = 1) 3. tail mark tail mark can be either hold tail or latch tail. the output waveforms of hold tail and latch tail are shown in figure 10-5. time t in the figure is determined by the transfer clock cycle set in bits cks2 to cks0 in scr1. figure 10-5 hold tail and latch tail waveforms 4. transmitting a transmit operation is carried out as follows. 1. set bit sol in scsr1 to 1. 2. set bits so1 and sck1 to 1 in pmr3 to select the s0 1 and sck 1 pin functions. set bit pof1 in pmr7 to 1 for nmos open-drain output at pin so 1 . sck 1 1 so bit 14 ttt t 2t bit 15 < hold tail > bit 0 tt sck 1 1 so bit 14 ttt t 2t bit 15 < latch tail > t sck 1 1 so bit 1 bit 0 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 14 bit 5 bit 15 tail mark 1 frame 243
3. clear bit snc1 in scr1 to 0 and set bit snc0 to 0 or 1, designating 8-bit mode or 16-bit mode. set bit mrkon in scr1 to 1, selecting ssb mode. 4. write transmit data in sdrl and sdru as follows, and select tail mark with bit ltch in scr1. 8-bit mode: sdrl 16-bit mode: upper byte in sdru, lower byte in sdrl 5. set the scsr1 start flag (stf) to 1. sci1 starts operating and outputs transmit data at pin s0 1 . 6. after 8- or 16-bit data transmission is complete, bit stf in scsr1 is cleared to 0 and bit irrs1 in interrupt request register 2 (irrs1) is set to 1. the selected tail mark is output after the data transmission. during tail mark output, bit mtrf in scsr1 is set to 1. data can be sent continuously by repeating steps 4 to 6. check that sci1 is in the idle state before rewriting bit mrkon in scr1. 10.2.5 interrupts sci1 can generate an interrupt at the end of a data transfer. when an sci1 transfer is complete, bit irrs1 in interrupt request register 2 (irr2) is set to 1. sci1 interrupt requests can be enabled or disabled by bit iens1 of interrupt enable register 2 (ienr2). for further details, see 3.3, interrupts. 244
10.3 sci3 10.3.1 overview serial communication interface 3 (sci3) can carry out serial data communication in either asynchronous or synchronous mode. it is also provided with a multiprocessor communication function that enables serial data to be transferred among processors. 1. features features of sci3 are listed below. choice of asynchronous or synchronous mode for serial data communication - asynchronous mode serial data communication is performed asynchronously, with synchronization provided character by character. in this mode, serial data can be exchanged with standard asynchronous communication lsis such as a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (uart) or asynchronous communication interface adapter (acia). a multiprocessor communication function is also provided, enabling serial data communication among processors. there is a choice of 12 data transfer formats. data length 7 or 8 bits stop bit length 1 or 2 bits parity even, odd, or none multiprocessor bit ??or ? receive error detection parity, overrun, and framing errors break detection break detected by reading the rxd pin level directly when a framing error occurs - synchronous mode serial data communication is synchronized with a clock. in his mode, serial data can be exchanged with another lsi that has a synchronous communication function. data length 8 bits receive error detection overrun errors 245
full-duplex communication separate transmission and reception units are provided, enabling transmission and reception to be carried out simultaneously. the transmission and reception units are both double-buffered, allowing continuous transmission and reception. on-chip baud rate generator, allowing any desired bit rate to be selected choice of an internal or external clock as the transmit/receive clock source six interrupt sources: transmit end, transmit data empty, receive data full, overrun error, framing error, and parity error 246
2. block diagram figure 10-6 shows a block diagram of sci3. figure 10-6 sci3 block diagram clock txd rxd sck brr smr scr3 ssr tdr rdr tsr rsr transmit/receive control circuit internal data bus notation: rsr: rdr: tsr: tdr: smr: scr3: ssr: brr: brc: receive shift register receive data register transmit shift register transmit data register serial mode register serial control register 3 serial status register bit rate register bit rate counter interrupt request (tei, txi, rxi, eri) 2 internal clock (?64, ?16, ?4, ? external clock brc baud rate generator 247
3. pin configuration table 10-4 shows the sci3 pin configuration. table 10-4 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function sci3 clock sck 3 i/o sci3 clock input/output sci3 receive data input rxd input sci3 receive data input sci3 transmit data output txd output sci3 transmit data output 4. register configuration table 10-5 shows the sci3 register configuration. table 10-5 registers name abbrev. r/w initial value address serial mode register smr r/w h'00 h'ffa8 bit rate register brr r/w h'ff h'ffa9 serial control register 3 scr3 r/w h'00 h'ffaa transmit data register tdr r/w h'ff h'ffab serial data register ssr r/w h'84 h'ffac receive data register rdr r h'00 h'ffad transmit shift register tsr protected receive shift register rsr protected bit rate counter brc protected 10.3.2 register descriptions 1. receive shift register (rsr) rsr is a register used to receive serial data. serial data input to rsr from the rxd pin is set in the order in which it is received, starting from the lsb (bit 0), and converted to parallel data. when one byte of data is received, it is transferred to rdr automatically. rsr cannot be read or written directly by the cpu. bit read/write 7 6 5 4 3 0 2 1 248
2. receive data register (rdr) rdr is an 8-bit register that stores received serial data. when reception of one byte of data is finished, the received data is transferred from rsr to rdr, and the receive operation is completed. rsr is then enabled for reception. rsr and rdr are double-buffered, allowing consecutive receive operations. rdr is a read-only register, and cannot be written by the cpu. rdr is initialized to h'00 upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. 3. transmit shift register (tsr) tsr is a register used to transmit serial data. transmit data is first transferred from tdr to tsr, and serial data transmission is carried out by sending the data to the txd pin in order, starting from the lsb (bit 0). when one byte of data is transmitted, the next byte of transmit data is transferred to tdr, and transmission started, automatically. data transfer from tdr to tsr is not performed if no data has been written to tdr (if bit tdre is set to 1 in the serial status register (ssr)). tsr cannot be read or written directly by the cpu. bit read/write 7 6 5 4 3 0 2 1 bit initial value read/write 7 rdr7 0 r 6 rdr6 0 r 5 rdr5 0 r 4 rdr4 0 r 3 rdr3 0 r 0 rdr0 0 r 2 rdr2 0 r 1 rdr1 0 r 249
4. transmit data register (tdr) tdr is an 8-bit register that stores transmit data. when tsr is found to be empty, the transmit data written in tdr is transferred to tsr, and serial data transmission is started. continuous transmission is possible by writing the next transmit data to tdr during tsr serial data transmission. tdr can be read or written by the cpu at any time. tdr is initialized to h'ff upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. 5. serial mode register (smr) smr is an 8-bit register used to set the serial data transfer format and to select the clock source for the baud rate generator. smr can be read or written by the cpu at any time. smr is initialized to h'00 upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. bit 7: communication mode (com) bit 7 selects whether sci3 operates in asynchronous mode or synchronous mode. bit 7 com description 0 asynchronous mode (initial value) 1 synchronous mode bit initial value read/write 7 com 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 0 r/w 4 pm 0 r/w 3 stop 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 tdr7 1 r/w 6 tdr6 1 r/w 5 tdr5 1 r/w 4 tdr4 1 r/w 3 tdr3 1 r/w 0 tdr0 1 r/w 2 tdr2 1 r/w 1 tdr1 1 r/w 250
bit 6: character length (chr) bit 6 selects either 7 or 8 bits as the data length to be used in asynchronous mode. in synchronous mode the data length is always 8 bits, irrespective of the bit 6 setting. bit 6 chr description 0 8-bit data (initial value) 1 7-bit data * note: * when 7-bit data is selected, the msb (bit 7) of tdr is not transmitted. bit 5: parity enable (pe) bit 5 selects whether a parity bit is to be added during transmission and checked during reception in asynchronous mode. in synchronous mode parity bit addition and checking is not performed, irrespective of the bit 5 setting. bit 5 pe description 0 parity bit addition and checking disabled (initial value) 1 parity bit addition and checking enabled * note: * when pe is set to 1, even or odd parity, as designated by bit pm, is added to transmit data before it is sent, and the received parity bit is checked against the parity designated by bit pm. bit 4: parity mode (pm) bit 4 selects whether even or odd parity is to be used for parity addition and checking. the pm bit setting is only valid in asynchronous mode when bit pe is set to 1, enabling parity bit addition and checking. the pm bit setting is invalid in synchronous mode, and in asynchronous mode if parity bit addition and checking is disabled. bit 4 pm description 0 even parity * 1 (initial value) 1 odd parity * 2 notes: 1. when even parity is selected, a parity bit is added in transmission so that the total number of 1 bits in the transmit data plus the parity bit is an even number; in reception, a check is carried out to confirm that the number of 1 bits in the receive data plus the parity bit is an even number. 2. when odd parity is selected, a parity bit is added in transmission so that the total number of 1 bits in the transmit data plus the parity bit is an odd number; in reception, a check is carried out to confirm that the number of 1 bits in the receive data plus the parity bit is an odd number. 251
bit 3: stop bit length (stop) bit 3 selects 1 bit or 2 bits as the stop bit length is asynchronous mode. the stop bit setting is only valid in asynchronous mode. when synchronous mode is selected the stop bit setting is invalid since stop bits are not added. bit 3 stop description 0 1 stop bit * 1 (initial value) 1 2 stop bits * 2 notes: 1. in transmission, a single 1 bit (stop bit) is added at the end of a transmit character. 2. in transmission, two 1 bits (stop bits) are added at the end of a transmit character. in reception, only the first of the received stop bits is checked, irrespective of the stop bit setting. if the second stop bit is 1 it is treated as a stop bit, but if 0, it is treated as the start bit of the next transmit character. bit 2: multiprocessor mode (mp) bit 2 enables or disables the multiprocessor communication function. when the multiprocessor communication function is disabled, the parity settings in the pe and pm bits are invalid. the mp bit setting is only valid in asynchronous mode. when synchronous mode is selected the mp bit should be set to 0. for details on the multiprocessor communication function, see 10.3.6, multiprocessor communication function. bit 2 mp description 0 multiprocessor communication function disabled (initial value) 1 multiprocessor communication function enabled bits 1 and 0: clock select (cks1, cks0) bits 1 and 0 choose /64, /16, /4, or as the clock source for the baud rate generator. for the relation between the clock source, bit rate register setting, and baud rate, see 8, bit rate register (brr). bit 1 bit 0 cks1 cks0 description 0 0 clock (initial value) 0 1 ?4 clock 1 0 ?16 clock 1 1 ?64 clock 252
6. serial control register 3 (scr3) scr3 is an 8-bit register for selecting transmit or receive operation, the asynchronous mode clock output, interrupt request enabling or disabling, and the transmit/receive clock source. scr3 can be read or written by the cpu at any time. scr3 is initialized to h'00 upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. bit 7: transmit interrupt enable (tie) bit 7 selects enabling or disabling of the transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) when transmit data is transferred from the transmit data register (tdr) to the transmit shift register (tsr), and bit tdre in the serial status register (ssr) is set to 1. txi can be released by clearing bit tdre or bit tie to 0. bit 7 tie description 0 transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) disabled (initial value) 1 transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) enabled bit 6: receive interrupt enable (rie) bit 6 selects enabling or disabling of the receive data full interrupt request (rxi) and the receive error interrupt request (eri) when receive data is transferred from the receive shift register (rsr) to the receive data register (rdr), and bit rdrf in the serial status register (ssr) is set to 1. there are three kinds of receive error: overrun, framing, and parity. rxi and eri can be released by clearing bit rdrf or the fer, per, or oer error flag to 0, or by clearing bit rie to 0. bit 6 rie description 0 receive data full interrupt request (rxi) and receive error interrupt (initial value) request (eri) disabled 1 receive data full interrupt request (rxi) and receive error interrupt request (eri) enabled bit initial value read/write 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w 3 mpie 0 r/w 0 cke0 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w 253
bit 5: transmit enable (te) bit 5 selects enabling or disabling of the start of transmit operation. bit 5 te description 0 transmit operation disabled * 1 (txd pin is transmit data pin) (initial value) 1 transmit operation enabled * 2 (txd pin is transmit data pin) notes: 1. bit tdre in ssr is fixed at 1. transmission operation is disabled, but the txd pin functions as the transmit data pin. to use the txd pin as an i/o pin, clear bit txd in pmr7 to 0. 2. when transmit data is written to tdr in this state, bit tdr in ssr is cleared to 0 and serial data transmission is started. be sure to carry out serial mode register (smr) settings to decide the transmission format before setting bit te to 1. bit 4: receive enable (re) bit 4 selects enabling or disabling of the start of receive operation. bit 4 re description 0 receive operation disabled * 1 (rxd pin is i/o port) (initial value) 1 receive operation enabled * 2 (rxd pin is receive data pin) notes: 1. note that the rdrf, fer, per, and oer flags in ssr are not affected when bit re is cleared to 0, and retain their previous state. 2. in this state, serial data reception is started when a start bit is detected in asynchronous mode or serial clock input is detected in synchronous mode. be sure to carry out serial mode register (smr) settings to decide the reception format before setting bit re to 1. 254
bit 3: multiprocessor interrupt enable (mpie) bit 3 selects enabling or disabling of the multiprocessor interrupt request. the mpie bit setting is only valid when asynchronous mode is selected and reception is carried out with bit mp in smr set to 1. the mpie bit setting is invalid when bit com is set to 1 or bit mp is cleared to 0. bit 3 mpie description 0 multiprocessor interrupt request disabled (normal receive operation) (initial value) clearing conditions: when data is received in which the multiprocessor bit is set to 1 1 multiprocessor interrupt request enabled * note: * receive data transfer from rsr to rdr, receive error detection, and setting of the rdrf, fer, and oer status flags in ssr is not performed. rxi, eri, and setting of the rdrf, fer, and oer flags in ssr, are disabled until data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received. when a receive character with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received, bit mpbr in ssr is set to 1, bit mpie is automatically cleared to 0, and rxi and eri requests (when bits tie and rie in serial control register 3 (scr3) are set to 1) and setting of the rdrf, fer, and oer flags are enabled. bit 2: transmit end interrupt enable (teie) bit 2 selects enabling or disabling of the transmit end interrupt request (tei) if there is no valid transmit data in tdr when msb data is to be sent. bit 2 teie description 0 transmit end interrupt request (tei) disabled (initial value) 1 transmit end interrupt request (tei) enabled * note: * tei can be released by clearing bit tdre to 0 and clearing bit tend to 0 in ssr, or by clearing bit teie to 0. 255
bits 1 and 0: clock enable 1 and 0 (cke1, cke0) bits 1 and 0 select the clock source and enabling or disabling of clock output from the sck 3 pin. these bits determine whether the sck 3 pin functions as an i/o port, a clock output pin, or a clock input pin. the cke0 bit setting is only valid in case of internal clock operation (cke1 = 0) in asynchronous mode. in synchronous mode, or when external clock operation is used (cke1 = 1), bit cke0 should be cleared to 0. after setting bits cke1 and cke0, set the operating mode in the serial mode register (smr). for details on clock source selection, see table 10-10 in 10.3.3, operation. bit 1 bit 0 description cke1 cke0 communication mode clock source sck 3 pin function 0 0 asynchronous internal clock i/o port * 1 synchronous internal clock serial clock output * 1 0 1 asynchronous internal clock clock output * 2 synchronous reserved 1 0 asynchronous external clock clock input * 3 synchronous external clock serial clock input 1 1 asynchronous reserved synchronous reserved notes: 1. initial value 2. a clock with the same frequency as the bit rate is output. 3. input a clock with a frequency 16 times the bit rate. 256
7. serial status register (ssr) note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. ssr is an 8-bit register containing status flags that indicate the operational status of sci3, and multiprocessor bits. ssr can be read or written by the cpu at any time, but 1 cannot be written to bits tdre, rdrf, oer, per, and fer. in order to clear these bits by writing 0, 1 must first be read. bits tend and mpbr are read-only bits, and cannot be modified. ssr is initialized to h'84 upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. bit 7: transmit data register empty (tdre) bit 7 indicates that transmit data has been transferred from tdr to tsr. bit 7 tdre description 0 transmit data written in tdr has not been transferred to tsr clearing conditions: after reading tdre = 1, cleared by writing 0 to tdre when data is written to tdr by an instruction 1 transmit data has not been written to tdr, or transmit data written in tdr has been transferred to tsr setting conditions: when bit te in scr3 is cleared to 0 when data is transferred from tdr to tsr (initial value) bit initial value read/write 7 tdre 1 r/(w) 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) 5 oer 0 r/(w) 4 fer 0 r/(w) 3 per 0 r/(w) 0 mpbt 0 r/w 2 tend 1 r 1 mpbr 0 r ***** 257
bit 6: receive data register full (rdrf) bit 6 indicates that received data is stored in rdr. bit 6 rdrf description 0 there is no receive data in rdr (initial value) clearing conditions: after reading rdrf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to rdrf when rdr data is read by an instruction 1 there is receive data in pdr setting conditions: when reception ends normally and receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr note: if an error is detected in the receive data, or if the re bit in scr3 has been cleared to 0, rdr and bit rdrf are not affected and retain their previous state. note that if data reception is completed while bit rdrf is still set to 1, an overrun error (oer) will result and the receive data will be lost. bit 5: overrun error (oer) bit 5 indicates that an overrun error has occurred during reception. bit 5 oer description 0 reception in progress or completed * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions: after reading oer = 1, cleared by writing 0 to oer 1 an overrun error has occurred during reception * 2 setting conditions: when reception is completed with rdrf set to 1 notes: 1. when bit re in scr3 is cleared to 0, bit oer is not affected and retains its previous state. 2. rdr retains the receive data it held before the overrun error occurred, and data received after the error is lost. reception cannot be continued with bit oer set to 1, and in synchronous mode, transmission cannot be continued either. 258
bit 4: framing error (fer) bit 4 indicates that a framing error has occurred during reception in asynchronous mode. bit 4 fer description 0 reception in progress or completed * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions: after reading fer = 1, cleared by writing 0 to fer 1 a framing error has occurred during reception * 2 setting conditions: when the stop bit at the end of the receive data is checked for a value of 1 at the end of reception, and the stop bit is 0 * 2 notes: 1. when bit re in scr3 is cleared to 0, bit fer is not affected and retains its previous state. 2. note that, in 2-stop-bit mode, only the first stop bit is checked for a value of 1, and the second stop bit is not checked. when a framing error occurs the receive data is transferred to rdr but bit rdrf is not set. reception cannot be continued with bit fer set to 1. in synchronous mode, neither transmission nor reception is possible when bit fer is set to 1. bit 3: parity error (per) bit 3 indicates that a parity error has occurred during reception with parity added in asynchronous mode. bit 3 per description 0 reception in progress or completed * 1 (initial value) clearing conditions: after reading per = 1, cleared by writing 0 to per 1 a parity error has occurred during reception * 2 setting conditions: when the number of 1 bits in the receive data plus parity bit does not match the parity designated by bit pm in the serial mode register (smr) notes: 1. when bit re in scr3 is cleared to 0, bit per is not affected and retains its previous state. 2. receive data in which it a parity error has occurred is still transferred to rdr, but bit rdrf is not set. reception cannot be continued with bit per set to 1. in synchronous mode, neither transmission nor reception is possible when bit fer is set to 1. 259
bit 2: transmit end (tend) bit 2 indicates that bit tdre is set to 1 when the last bit of a transmit character is sent. bit 2 is a read-only bit and cannot be modified. bit 2 tend description 0 transmission in progress clearing conditions: after reading tdre = 1, cleared by writing 0 to tdre when data is written to tdr by an instruction 1 transmission ended (initial value) setting conditions: when bit te in scr3 is cleared to 0 when bit tdre is set to 1 when the last bit of a transmit character is sent bit 1: multiprocessor bit receive (mpbr) bit 1 stores the multiprocessor bit in a receive character during multiprocessor format reception in asynchronous mode. bit 1 is a read-only bit and cannot be modified. bit 1 mpbr description 0 data in which the multiprocessor bit is 0 has been received * (initial value) 1 data in which the multiprocessor bit is 1 has been received note: * when bit re is cleared to 0 in scr3 with the multiprocessor format, bit mpbr is not affected and retains its previous state. bit 0: multiprocessor bit transfer (mpbt) bit 0 stores the multiprocessor bit added to transmit data when transmitting in asynchronous mode. the bit mpbt setting is invalid when synchronous mode is selected, when the multiprocessor communication function is disabled, and when not transmitting. bit 0 mpbt description 0 a 0 multiprocessor bit is transmitted (initial value) 1 a 1 multiprocessor bit is transmitted 260
8. bit rate register (brr) brr is an 8-bit register that designates the transmit/receive bit rate in accordance with the baud rate generator operating clock selected by bits cks1 and cks0 of the serial mode register (smr). brr can be read or written by the cpu at any time. brr is initialized to h'ff upon reset, and in standby, watch, subactive, or subsleep mode. table 10-6 shows examples of brr settings in asynchronous mode. the values shown are for active (high-speed) mode. table 10-6 examples of brr settings for various bit rates (asynchronous mode) (1) osc (mhz) 2 2.4576 4 4.194304 r bit rate error error error error (bit/s) n n (%) n n (%) n n (%) n n (%) 110 1 70 +0.03 1 86 +0.31 1 141 +0.03 1 148 ?.04 150 0 207 +0.16 0 255 0 1 103 +0.16 1 108 +0.21 300 0 103 +0.16 0 127 0 0 207 +0.16 0 217 +0.21 600 0 51 +0.16 0 63 0 0 103 +0.16 0 108 +0.21 1200 0 25 +0.16 0 31 0 0 51 +0.16 0 54 ?.70 2400 0 12 +0.16 0 15 0 0 25 +0.16 0 26 +1.14 4800 0 7 0 0 12 +0.16 0 13 ?.48 9600 0 3 0 0 6 ?.48 19200 0 1 0 31250 0 0 0 0 1 0 38400 0 0 0 bit initial value read/write 7 brr7 1 r/w 6 brr6 1 r/w 5 brr5 1 r/w 4 brr4 1 r/w 3 brr3 1 r/w 0 brr0 1 r/w 2 brr2 1 r/w 1 brr1 1 r/w 261
table 10-6 examples of brr settings for various bit rates (asynchronous mode) (2) osc (mhz) 4.9152 6 7.3728 8 r bit rate error error error error (bit/s) n n (%) n n (%) n n (%) n n (%) 110 1 174 ?.26 1 212 +0.03 2 64 +0.70 2 70 +0.03 150 1 127 0 1 155 +0.16 1 191 0 1 207 +0.16 300 0 255 0 1 77 +0.16 1 95 0 1 103 +0.16 600 0 127 0 0 155 +0.16 0 191 0 0 207 +0.16 1200 0 63 0 0 77 +0.16 0 95 0 0 103 +0.16 2400 0 31 0 0 38 +0.16 0 47 0 0 51 +0.16 4800 0 15 0 0 19 ?.34 0 23 0 0 25 +0.16 9600 0 7 0 0 9 ?.34 0 11 0 0 12 +0.16 19200 0 3 0 0 4 ?.34 0 5 0 31250 0 2 0 0 3 0 38400 0 1 0 0 2 0 table 10-6 examples of brr settings for various bit rates (asynchronous mode) (3) osc (mhz) 9.8304 10 r bit rate error error (bit/s) n n (%) n n (%) 110 2 86 +0.31 2 88 ?.25 150 1 255 0 2 64 +0.16 300 1 127 0 1 129 +0.16 600 0 255 0 1 64 +0.16 1200 0 127 0 0 129 +0.16 2400 0 63 0 0 64 +0.16 4800 0 31 0 0 32 ?.36 9600 0 15 0 0 15 +1.73 19200 0 7 0 0 7 +1.73 31250 0 4 ?.70 0 4 0 38400 0 3 0 0 3 +1.73 262
notes: 1. the setting should be made so that the error is not more than 1%. 2. the value set in brr is given by the following equation: n = osc 10 6 ?1 (64 2 2n b) where b: bit rate (bit/s) n: baud rate generator brr setting (0 n 255) osc: value of osc (mhz) n: baud rate generator input clock number (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3) (the relation between n and the clock is shown in table 10-7.) table 10-7 relation between n and clock smr setting n clock cks1 cks0 0 0 0 1 ?4 0 1 2 ?6 1 0 3 ?64 1 1 3. the error in table 10-6 is the value obtained from the following equation, rounded to two decimal places. error (%) = b (rate obtained from n, n, osc) ?r(bit rate in left-hand column in table 10-6.) 100 r (bit rate in left-hand column in table 10-6.) 263
table 10-8 shows the maximum bit rate for each frequency. the values shown are for active (high- speed) mode. table 10-8 maximum bit rate for each frequency (asynchronous mode) maximum bit rate setting osc (mhz) (bit/s) n n 2 31250 0 0 2.4576 38400 0 0 4 62500 0 0 4.194304 65536 0 0 4.9152 76800 0 0 6 93750 0 0 7.3728 115200 0 0 8 125000 0 0 9.8304 153600 0 0 10 156250 0 0 264
table 10-9 shows examples of brr settings in synchronous mode. the values shown are for active (high-speed) mode. table 10-9 examples of brr settings for various bit rates (synchronous mode) osc (mhz) b bit rate 24810 (bit/s) n n n n n n n n 110 250 1 249 2 124 2 249 500 1 124 1 249 2 124 1k 0 249 1 124 1 249 2.5k 0 99 0 199 1 99 1 124 5k 0 49 0 99 0 199 0 249 10k 0 24 0 49 0 99 0 124 25k 0 9 0 19 0 39 0 49 50k 0 4 0 9 0 19 0 24 100k 0 4 0 9 250k 0 0 * 010304 500k 0 0 * 01 1m 0 0 * 2.5m blank: cannot be set. ?: a setting can be made, but an error will result. * : continuous transmission/reception is not possible. 265
notes: the value set in brr is given by the following equation: n = osc 10 6 ?1 (8 2 2n b) where b: bit rate (bit/s) n: baud rate generator brr setting (0 n 255) osc: value of osc (mhz) n: baud rate generator input clock number (n = 0, 1, 2, or 3) (the relation between n and the clock is shown in table 10-10.) table 10-10 relation between n and clock smr setting n clock cks1 cks0 0 0 0 1 ?4 0 1 2 ?6 1 0 3 ?64 1 1 266
10.3.3 operation sci3 can perform serial communication in two modes: asynchronous mode in which synchronization is provided character by character, and synchronous mode in which synchronization is provided by clock pulses. the serial mode register (smr) is used to select asynchronous or synchronous mode and the data transfer format, as shown in table 10-11. the clock source for sci3 is determined by bit com in smr and bits cke1 and cke0 in scr3, as shown in table 10-12. 1. synchronous mode choice of 7- or 8-bit data length choice of parity addition, multiprocessor bit addition, and addition of 1 or 2 stop bits. (the combination of these parameters determines the data transfer format and the character length.) framing error (fer), parity error (per), overrun error (oer), and break detection during reception choice of internal or external clock as the clock source when internal clock is selected: sci3 operates on the baud rate generator clock, and a clock with the same frequency as the bit rate can be output. when external clock is selected: a clock with a frequency 16 times the bit rate must be input. (the on-chip baud rate generator is not used.) 2. synchronous mode data transfer format: fixed 8-bit data length overrun error detection during reception choice of internal or external clock as the clock source when internal clock is selected: sci3 operates on the baud rate generator clock, and a serial clock is output. when external clock is selected: the on-chip baud rate generator is not used, and sci3 operates on the input serial clock. 267
table 10-11 smr settings and corresponding data transfer formats smr data transfer format bit 7 bit 6 bit 2 bit 5 bit 3 data multiprocessor parity stop bit com chr mp pe stop mode length bit bit length 00000 asynchronous 8-bit data no no 1 bit 1 mode 2 bits 1 0 yes 1 bit 1 2 bits 1 0 0 7-bit data no 1 bit 1 2 bits 1 0 yes 1 bit 1 2 bits 01 * 0 asynchronous 8-bit data yes no 1 bit * 1 mode 2 bits 1 * 0 (multiprocessor 7-bit data 1 bit * 1 format) 2 bits 1 * 0 ** synchronous 8-bit data no no no mode table 10-12 smr and scr3 settings and clock source selection smr scr3 bit 7 bit 1 bit 0 transmit/receive clock com cke1 cke0 mode clock source sck 3 pin function 0 0 0 asynchronous internal i/o port (sck 3 pin not used) 1 mode outputs clock with same frequency as bit rate 1 0 external outputs clock with frequency 16 times bit rate 1 0 0 synchronous internal outputs serial clock 10 mode external inputs serial clock 0 1 1 reserved (do not specify these combinations) 101 111 268
3. interrupts and continuous transmission/reception sci3 can carry out continuous reception using rxi and continuous transmission using txi. these interrupts are shown in table 10-13. table 10-13 transmit/receive interrupts interrupt flags interrupt request conditions notes rxi rdrf when serial reception is performed the rxi interrupt routine reads the rie normally and receive data is receive data transferred to rdr and transferred from rsr to rdr, bit clears bit rdrf to 0. continuous rdrf is set to 1, and if bit rie is reception can be performed by repeating set to 1 at this time, rxi is enabled the above operations until reception of and an interrupt is requested. the next rsr data is completed. (see figure 10-7 (a).) txi tdre when tsr is found to be empty the txi interrupt routine writes the next tie (on completion of the previous transmit data to tdr and clears bit tdre transmission) and the transmit data to 0. continuous transmission can be placed in tdr is transferred to tsr, performed by repeating the above bit tdre is set to 1. if bit tie is set operations until the data transferred to to 1 at this time, txi is enabled and tsr has been transmitted. an interrupt is requested. (see figure 10-7 (b).) tei tend when the last bit of the character in tei indicates that the next transmit data teie tsr is transmitted, if bit tdre is set has not been written to tdr when the to 1, bit tend is set to 1. if bit teie last bit of the transmit character in tsr is set to 1 at this time, tei is is sent. enabled and an interrupt is requested. (see figure 10-7 (c).) 269
figure 10-7 (a) rdrf setting and rxi interrupt figure 10-7 (b) tdre setting and txi interrupt figure 10-7 (c) tend setting and tei interrupt tdr tsr (transmission in progress) tend = 0 txd pin tdr tsr (reception completed) tend ? 1 (tei request when teie = 1) txd pin tdr (next transmit data) tsr (transmission in progress) tdre = 0 txd pin tdr tsr (transmission completed, transfer) tdre ? 1 (txi request when tie = 1) txd pin rdr rsr (reception in progress) rdrf = 0 rxd pin rdr rsr - (reception completed, transfer) rdrf ? 1 (rxi request when rie = 1) rxd pin 270
10.3.4 operation in asynchronous mode in asynchronous mode, serial communication is performed with synchronization provided character by character. a start bit indicating the start of communication and one or two stop bits indicating the end of communication are added to each character before it is sent. sci3 has separate transmission and reception units, allowing full-duplex communication. as the transmission and reception units are both double-buffered, data can be written during transmission and read during reception, making possible continuous transmission and reception. 1. data transfer format the general data transfer format in asynchronous communication is shown in figure 10-8. figure 10-8 data format in asynchronous communication in asynchronous communication, the communication line is normally in the mark state (high level). sci3 monitors the communication line and when it detects a space (low level), identifies this as a start bit and begins serial data communication. one transfer data character consists of a start bit (low level), followed by transmit/receive data (lsb-first format, starting from the least significant bit), a parity bit (high or low level), and finally one or two stop bits (high level). in asynchronous mode, synchronization is performed by the falling edge of the start bit during reception. the data is sampled on the 8th pulse of a clock with a frequency 16 times the bit period, so that the transfer data is latched at the center of each bit. serial data start bit 1 bit transmit/receive data parity bit stop bit(s) 7 or 8 bits one transfer data unit (character or frame) 1 bit or none 1 or 2 bits mark state 1 (msb) (lsb) 271
table 10-14 shows the 12 data transfer formats that can be set in asynchronous mode. the format is selected by the settings in the serial mode register (smr). table 10-14 data transfer formats (asynchronous mode) 1 chr 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 * * * * pe mp stop 2 3 4 5 8-bit data serial data transfer format and frame length smr stop s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 8-bit data s 8-bit data p stop stop s stop 8-bit data p s stop stop 7-bit data stop s stop 7-bit data stop s 7-bit data stop p p s 7-bit data stop stop s 8-bit data mpb mpb mpb mpb stop stop stop s 8-bit data s 7-bit data stop s 7-bit data * dont' care notation: s: stop: p: mpb: start bit stop bit parity bit multiprocessor bit stop stop s 272
2. clock either an internal clock generated by the baud rate generator or an external clock input at the sck 3 pin can be selected as the sci3 transmit/receive clock. the selection is made by means of bit com in smr and bits sce1 and cke0 in scr3. see table 10-12 for details on clock source selection. when an external clock is input to the sck 3 pin, the input clock frequency should be 16 times the bit rate used. when sci3 operates on an internal clock, the clock can be output at the sck 3 pin. in this case the frequency of the output clock is the same as the bit rate, and the phase is such that the clock rises at the center of each bit of transmit/receive data, as shown in figure 10-9. figure 10-9 phase relationship between output clock and transfer data (asynchronous mode) (8-bit data, parity, 2 stop bits) 3. data transfer operations sci3 initialization before data is transferred on sci3, bits te and re in scr3 must first be cleared to 0, and then sci3 must be initialized as follows. note: if the operation mode or data transfer format is changed, bits te and re must first be cleared to 0. when bit te is cleared to 0, bit tdre is set to 1. note that the rdrf, per, fer, and oer flags and the contents of rdr are retained when re is cleared to 0. when an external clock is used in asynchronous mode, the clock should not be stopped during operation, including initialization. when an external clock is used in synchronous mode, the clock should not be supplied during operation, including initialization. 1 character (1 frame) 0 d0d1d2d3d4d5d6d70/1 1 1 clock serial data 273
figure 10-10 shows an example of a flowchart for initializing sci3. figure 10-10 example of sci3 initialization flowchart start end clear bits te and re to 0 in scr3 1 2 3 set bits cke1 and cke0 set data transfer format in smr set value in brr no wait yes 4 set bits tie, rie, mpie, and teie in scr3, and set bits txd and te or re to 1 in pmr7 has 1-bit period elapsed? set clock selection in scr3. be sure to clear the other bits to 0. if clock output is selected in asynchronous mode, the clock is output immediately after setting bits cke1 and cke0. if clock output is selected for reception in synchronous mode, the clock is output immediately after bits cke1, cke0, and re are set to 1. set the data transfer format in the serial mode register (smr). write the value corresponding to the transfer rate in brr. this operation is not necessary when an external clock is selected. wait for at least one bit period, then set bits tie, rie, mpie, and teie in scr3, and set bits txd and te or re to 1 in pmr7. setting bits te and re enables the txd and rxd pins to be used. in asynchronous mode the mark state is established when transmitting, and the idle state waiting for a start bit when receiving. 1. 2. 3. 4. 274
transmitting figure 10-11 shows an example of a flowchart for data transmission. this procedure should be followed for data transmission after initializing sci3. figure 10-11 example of data transmission flowchart (asynchronous mode) start end read bit tdre in ssr 1 2 3 write transmit data to tdr read bit tend in ssr set pdr = 0, pcr = 1 clear bit te to 0 in scr3 no tdre = 1? yes continue data transmission? no tend = 1? no yes yes yes no break output? read the serial status register (ssr) and check that bit tdre is set to 1, then write transmit data to the transmit data register (tdr). when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. when continuing data transmission, be sure to read tdre = 1 to confirm that a write can be performed before writing data to tdr. when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. if a break is to be output when data transmission ends, set the port pcr to 1 and clear the port pdr to 0, then clear bit txd in pmr7 and bit te in scr3 to 0. 1. 2. 3. 275
sci3 operates as follows when transmitting data. sci3 monitors bit tdre in ssr, and when it is cleared to 0, recognizes that data has been written to tdr and transfers data from tdr to tsr. it then sets bit tdre to 1 and starts transmitting. if bit tie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a txi request is made. serial data is transmitted from the txd pin using the relevant data transfer format in table 10-14. when the stop bit is sent, sci3 checks bit tdre. if bit tdre is cleared to 0, sci3 transfers data from tdr to tsr, and when the stop bit has been sent, starts transmission of the next frame. if bit tdre is set to 1, 1 is set in tend in ssr, and the mark state, in which 1s are transmitted, is established after the stop bit has been sent. if bit teie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a tei request is made. figure 10-12 shows an example of the operation when transmitting in asynchronous mode. figure 10-12 example of operation when transmitting in asynchronous mode (8-bit data, parity, 1 stop bit) 1 frame start bit start bit transmit data transmit data parity bit stop bit parity bit stop bit mark state 1 frame 0 1 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 1 1 0 d0 d1 d7 0/1 serial data tdre tend lsi operation txi request tdre cleared to 0 user processing data written to tdr txi request tei request 276
receiving figure 10-13 shows an example of a flowchart for data reception. this procedure should be followed for data reception after initializing sci3. figure 10-13 example of data reception flowchart (asynchronous mode) start end read bits oer, per, fer in ssr 1 2 3 4 read receive data in ssr read receive data in rdr clear bit re to 0 in scr3 yes oer + per + fer = 1? no rdrf = 1? yes continue data reception? no no yes receive error processing (a) read bits oer, per, and fer in the serial status register (ssr) to determine if there is an error. if a receive error has occurred, execute receive error processing. read ssr and check that bit rdrf is set to 1. if it is, read the receive data in rdr. when the rdr data is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. when continuing data reception, finish reading of bit rdrf and rdr before receiving the stop bit of the current frame. when the data in rdr is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. 1. 2. 3. 277
figure 10-13 example of data reception flowchart (asynchronous mode) (cont) start receive error processing end of receive error processing 4 clear bits oer, per, fer to 0 in ssr yes oer = 1? yes yes fer = 1? break? yes per = 1? no no no no overrun error processing framing error processing (a) parity error processing if a receive error has occurred, read bits oer, per, and fer in ssr to identify the error, and after carrying out the necessary error processing, ensure that bits oer, per, and fer are all cleared to 0. reception cannot be resumed if any of these bits is set to 1. in the case of a framing error, a break can be detected by reading the value of the rxd pin. 4. 278
sci3 operates as follows when receiving data. sci3 monitors the communication line, and when it detects a 0 start bit, performs internal synchronization and begins reception. reception is carried out in accordance with the relevant data transfer format in table 10-14. the received data is first placed in rsr in lsb-to-msb order, and then the parity bit and stop bit(s) are received. sci3 then carries out the following checks. parity check sci3 checks that the number of 1 bits in the receive data conforms to the parity (odd or even) set in bit pm in the serial mode register (smr). stop bit check sci3 checks that the stop bit is 1. if two stop bits are used, only the first is checked. status check sci3 checks that bit rdrf is set to 0, indicating that the receive data can be transferred from rsr to rdr. if no receive error is found in the above checks, bit rdrf is set to 1, and the receive data is stored in rdr. if bit rie is set to 1 in scr3, an rxi interrupt is requested. if the error checks identify a receive error, bit oer, per, or fer is set to 1 depending on the kind of error. bit rdrf retains its state prior to receiving the data. if bit rie is set to 1 in scr3, an eri interrupt is requested. table 10-15 shows the conditions for detecting a receive error, and receive data processing. note: no further receive operations are possible while a receive error flag is set. bits oer, fer, per, and rdrf must therefore be cleared to 0 before resuming reception. table 10-15 receive error detection conditions and receive data processing receive error abbreviation detection conditions receive data processing overrun error oer when the next date receive receive data is not transferred operation is completed while from rsr to rdr bit rdrf is still set to 1 in ssr framing error fer when the stop bit is 0 receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr parity error per when the parity (odd or even) receive data is transferred from set in smr is different from rsr to rdr that of the received data 279
figure 10-14 shows an example of the operation when receiving in asynchronous mode. figure 10-14 example of operation when receiving in asynchronous mode (8-bit data, parity, 1 stop bit) 10.3.5 operation in synchronous mode in synchronous mode, sci3 transmits and receives data in synchronization with clock pulses. this mode is suitable for high-speed serial communication. sci3 has separate transmission and reception units, allowing full-duplex communication with a shared clock. as the transmission and reception units are both double-buffered, data can be written during transmission and read during reception, making possible continuous transmission and reception. 1 frame start bit start bit receive data receive data parity bit stop bit parity bit stop bit mark state (idle state) 1 frame 0 1 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 0 1 0 d0 d1 d7 0/1 serial data rdrf fer lsi operation user processing rdrf cleared to 0 rdr data read framing error processing rxi request 0 stop bit detected eri request in response to framing error 280
1. data transfer format the general data transfer format in asynchronous communication is shown in figure 10-15. figure 10-15 data format in synchronous communication in synchronous communication, data on the communication line is output from one falling edge of the serial clock until the next falling edge. data confirmation is guaranteed at the rising edge of the serial clock. one transfer data character begins with the lsb and ends with the msb. after output of the msb, the communication line retains the msb state. when receiving in synchronous mode, sci3 latches receive data at the rising edge of the serial clock. the data transfer format uses a fixed 8-bit data length. parity and multiprocessor bits cannot be added. 2. clock either an internal clock generated by the baud rate generator or an external clock input at the sck 3 pin can be selected as the sci3 serial clock. the selection is made by means of bit com in smr and bits sce1 and cke0 in scr3. see table 10-12 for details on clock source selection. when sci3 operates on an internal clock, the serial clock is output at the sck 3 pin. eight pulses of the serial clock are output in transmission or reception of one character, and when sci3 is not transmitting or receiving, the clock is fixed at the high level. serial clock serial data note: high level except in continuous transmission/reception lsb msb * * bit 1 bit 0 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 8 bits one transfer data unit (character or frame) bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 don't care don't care 281
3. data transfer operations sci3 initialization data transfer on sci3 first of all requires that sci3 be initialized as described in 10.3.4, 3. sci3 initialization, and shown in figure 10-10. transmitting figure 10-16 shows an example of a flowchart for data transmission. this procedure should be followed for data transmission after initializing sci3. figure 10-16 example of data transmission flowchart (synchronous mode) start end read bit tdre in ssr 1 2 write transmit data to tdr read bit tend in ssr clear bit te to 0 in scr3 no tdre = 1? yes continue data transmission? no tend = 1? yes yes no read the serial status register (ssr) and check that bit tdre is set to 1, then write transmit data to the transmit data register (tdr). when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically, the clock is output, and data transmission is started. when continuing data transmission, be sure to read tdre = 1 to confirm that a write can be performed before writing data to tdr. when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. 1. 2. 282
sci3 operates as follows when transmitting data. sci3 monitors bit tdre in ssr, and when it is cleared to 0, recognizes that data has been written to tdr and transfers data from tdr to tsr. it then sets bit tdre to 1 and starts transmitting. if bit tie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a txi request is made. when clock output mode is selected, sci3 outputs 8 serial clock pulses. when an external clock is selected, data is output in synchronization with the input clock. serial data is transmitted from the txd pin in order from the lsb (bit 0) to the msb (bit 7). when the msb (bit 7) is sent, checks bit tdre. if bit tdre is cleared to 0, sci3 transfers data from tdr to tsr, and starts transmission of the next frame. if bit tdre is set to 1, sci3 sets bit tend to 1 in ssr, and after sending the msb (bit 7), retains the msb state. if bit teie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a tei request is made. after transmission ends, the sck 3 pin is fixed at the high level. note: transmission is not possible if an error flag (oer, fer, or per) that indicates the data reception status is set to 1. check that these error flags are all cleared to 0 before a transmit operation. figure 10-17 shows an example of the operation when transmitting in synchronous mode. figure 10-17 example of operation when transmitting in synchronous mode serial clock serial data bit 1 bit 0 bit 7 bit 0 1 frame 1 frame bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 tdre tend lsi operation user processing txi request data written to tdr tdre cleared to 0 txi request tei request 283
receiving figure 10-18 shows an example of a flowchart for data reception. this procedure should be followed for data reception after initializing sci3. figure 10-18 example of data reception flowchart (synchronous mode) start end read bit oer in ssr 1 2 3 4 read bit rdrf in ssr overrun error processing 4 clear bit oer to 0 in ssr read receive data in rdr clear bit re to 0 in scr3 yes oer = 1? no rdrf = 1? yes continue data reception? no no yes overrun error processing end of overrun error processing start overrun error processing read bit oer in the serial status register (ssr) to determine if there is an error. if an overrun error has occurred, execute overrun error processing. read ssr and check that bit rdrf is set to 1. if it is, read the receive data in rdr. when the rdr data is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. when continuing data reception, finish reading of bit rdrf and rdr before receiving the msb (bit 7) of the current frame. when the data in rdr is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. if an overrun error has occurred, read bit oer in ssr, and after carrying out the necessary error processing, clear bit oer to 0. reception cannot be resumed if bit oer is set to 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 284
sci3 operates as follows when receiving data. sci3 performs internal synchronization and begins reception in synchronization with the serial clock input or output. the received data is placed in rsr in lsb-to-msb order. after the data has been received, sci3 checks that bit rdrf is set to 0, indicating that the receive data can be transferred from rsr to rdr. if this check shows that there is no overrun error, bit rdrf is set to 1, and the receive data is stored in rdr. if bit rie is set to 1 in scr3, an rxi interrupt is requested. if the check identifies an overrun error, bit oer is set to 1. bit rdrf remains set to 1. if bit rie is set to 1 in scr3, an eri interrupt is requested. see table 10-15 for the conditions for detecting a receive error, and receive data processing. note: no further receive operations are possible while a receive error flag is set. bits oer, fer, per, and rdrf must therefore be cleared to 0 before resuming reception. figure 10-19 shows an example of the operation when receiving in synchronous mode. figure 10-19 example of operation when receiving in synchronous mode serial clock serial data bit 0 bit 7 bit 7 bit 0 1 frame 1 frame bit 1 bit 6 bit 7 rdrf oer lsi operation user processing rxi request rdr data read rdrf cleared to 0 rxi request eri request in response to overrun error overrun error processing rdr data has not been read (rdrf = 1) 285
simultaneous transmit/receive figure 10-20 shows an example of a flowchart for a simultaneous transmit/receive operation. this procedure should be followed for simultaneous transmission/reception after initializing sci3. figure 10-20 example of simultaneous data transmission/reception flowchart(synchronous mode) start end read bit tdre in ssr 1 2 3 4 write transmit data to tdr read bit oer in ssr read bit rdrf in ssr clear bits te and re to 0 in scr3 yes tdre = 1? no oer = 1? no rdrf = 1? yes continue data transmission/reception? no yes no read receive data in rdr yes overrun error processing read the serial status register (ssr) and check that bit tdre is set to 1, then write transmit data to the transmit data register (tdr). when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. read ssr and check that bit rdrf is set to 1. if it is, read the receive data in rdr. when the rdr data is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. when continuing data transmission/reception, finish reading of bit rdrf and rdr before receiving the msb (bit 7) of the current frame. before receiving the msb (bit 7) of the current frame, also read tdre = 1 to confirm that a write can be performed, then write data to tdr. when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically, and when the data in rdr is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. if an overrun error has occurred, read bit oer in ssr, and after carrying out the necessary error processing, clear bit oer to 0. transmission/ reception cannot be resumed if bit oer is set to 1. see figure 10-18 for details on overrun error processing. 1. 2. 3. 4. 286
notes: 1. when switching from transmission to simultaneous transmission/reception, check that sci3 has finished transmitting and that bits tdre and tend are set to 1, clear bit te to 0, and then set bits te and re to 1. 2. when switching from reception to simultaneous transmission/reception, check that sci3 has finished receiving, clear bit re to 0, then check that bit rdrf and the error flags (oer, fer, and per) are cleared to 0, and finally set bits te and re to 1. 10.3.6 multiprocessor communication function the multiprocessor communication function enables data to be exchanged among a number of processors on a shared communication line. serial data communication is performed in asynchronous mode using the multiprocessor format (in which a multiprocessor bit is added to the transfer data). in multiprocessor communication, each receiver is assigned its own id code. the serial communication cycle consists of two cycles, an id transmission cycle in which the receiver is specified, and a data transmission cycle in which the transfer data is sent to the specified receiver. these two cycles are differentiated by means of the multiprocessor bit, 1 indicating an id transmission cycle, and 0, a data transmission cycle. the sender first sends transfer data with a 1 multiprocessor bit added to the id code of the receiver it wants to communicate with, and then sends transfer data with a 0 multiprocessor bit added to the transmit data. when a receiver receives transfer data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1, it compares the id code with its own id code, and if they are the same, receives the transfer data sent next. if the id codes do not match, it skips the transfer data until data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is sent again. in this way, a number of processors can exchange data among themselves. figure 10-21 shows an example of communication between processors using the multiprocessor format. 287
figure 10-21 example of inter-processor communication using multiprocessor format (sending data h'aa to receiver a) there is a choice of four data transfer formats. if a multiprocessor format is specified, the parity bit specification is invalid. see table 10-14 for details. for details on the clock used in multiprocessor communication, see 10.3.4, operation in synchronous mode. multiprocessor data transmitting figure 10-22 shows an example of a flowchart for multiprocessor data transmission. this procedure should be followed for multiprocessor data transmission after initializing sci3. sender serial data receiver a (id = 01) (id = 02) receiver b h'01 id transmission cycle (specifying the receiver) data transmission cycle (sending data to the receiver specified buy the id) mpb: multiprocessor bit (mpb = 1) (mpb = 0) h'aa communication line (id = 03) receiver c (id = 04) receiver d 288
figure 10-22 example of multiprocessor data transmission flowchart start end read bit tdre in ssr 1 3 2 set bit mpbt in ssr write transmit data to tdr read bit tend in ssr clear bit te to 0 in scr3 set pdr = 0, pcr = 1 yes tdre = 1? no continue data transmission? no tend = 1? break output? no yes yes no yes read the serial status register (ssr) and check that bit tdre is set to 1, then set bit mpbt in ssr to 0 or 1 and write transmit data to the transmit data register (tdr). when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. when continuing data transmission, be sure to read tdre = 1 to confirm that a write can be performed before writing data to tdr. when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. if a break is to be output when data transmission ends, set the port pcr to 1 and clear the port pdr to 0, then clear bit te in scr3 to 0. 1. 2. 3. 289
sci3 operates as follows when transmitting data. sci3 monitors bit tdre in ssr, and when it is cleared to 0, recognizes that data has been written to tdr and transfers data from tdr to tsr. it then sets bit tdre to 1 and starts transmitting. if bit tie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a txi request is made. serial data is transmitted from the txd pin using the relevant data transfer format in table 10-14. when the stop bit is sent, sci3 checks bit tdre. if bit tdre is cleared to 0, sci3 transfers data from tdr to tsr, and when the stop bit has been sent, starts transmission of the next frame. if bit tdre is set to 1, 1 is set in tend in ssr, and the mark state, in which 1s are transmitted, is established after the stop bit has been sent. if bit teie in scr3 is set to 1 at this time, a tei request is made. figure 10-23 shows an example of the operation when transmitting using the multiprocessor format. figure 10-23 example of operation when transmitting using multiprocessor format (8-bit data, multiprocessor bit, 1 stop bit) multiprocessor receiving figure 10-24 shows an example of a flowchart for multiprocessor data reception. this procedure should be followed for multiprocessor data reception after initializing sci3. 1 frame start bit start bit transmit data transmit data mpb mpb stop bit stop bit mark state 1 frame 0 1 d0 d1 d7 0/1 1 1 1 0 d0 d1 d7 0/1 serial data tdre tend lsi operation txi request tdre cleared to 0 user processing data written to tdr txi request tei request 290
figure 10-24 example of multiprocessor data reception flowchart start end read bits oer and fer in ssr 2 set bit mpie to 1 in scr3 1 3 4 5 4 read bit rdrf in ssr read receive data in rdr clear bit re to 0 in scr3 yes oer + fer = 1? no rdrf = 1? yes continue data reception? no no yes read bits oer and fer in ssr no own id? yes read bit rdrf in ssr yes oer + fer = 1? no read receive data in rdr no rdrf = 1? yes receive error processing (a) set bit mpie to 1 in scr3. read bits oer and fer in the serial status register (ssr) to determine if there is an error. if a receive error has occurred, execute receive error processing. read ssr and check that bit rdrf is set to 1. if it is, read the receive data in rdr and compare it with this receiver's own id. if the id is not this receiver's, set bit mpie to 1 again. when the rdr data is read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. read ssr and check that bit rdrf is set to 1, then read the data in rdr. if a receive error has occurred, read bits oer and fer in ssr to identify the error, and after carrying out the necessary error processing, ensure that bits oer and fer are both cleared to 0. reception cannot be resumed if either of these bits is set to 1. in the case of a framing error, a break can be detected by reading the value of the rxd pin. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 291
figure 10-24 example of multiprocessor data reception flowchart (cont) figure 10-25 shows an example of the operation when receiving using the multiprocessor format. start receive error processing end of receive error processing clear bits oer and fer to 0 in ssr yes oer = 1? yes yes fer = 1? break? no no no overrun error processing framing error processing (a) 292
figure 10-25 example of operation when receiving using multiprocessor format (8-bit data, multiprocessor bit, 1 stop bit) 1 frame start bit start bit receive data (id1) receive data (data1) mpb mpb stop bit stop bit mark state (idle state) 1 frame 0 1d0d1d711 11 0d0d1 d7 id1 0 serial data mpie rdrf rdr value rdr value lsi operation rxi request mpie cleared to 0 user processing rdrf cleared to 0 no rxi request rdr retains previous state rdr data read when data is not this receiver's id, bit mpie is set to 1 again 1 frame start bit start bit receive data (id2) receive data (data2) mpb mpb stop bit stop bit mark state (idle state) 1 frame 0 1d0d1d711 11 0 (a) when data does not match this receiver's id (b) when data matches this receiver's id d0 d1 d7 id2 data2 id1 0 serial data mpie rdrf lsi operation rxi request mpie cleared to 0 user processing rdrf cleared to 0 rxi request rdrf cleared to 0 rdr data read when data is this receiver's id, reception is continued rdr data read bit mpie set to 1 again 293
10.3.7 interrupts sci3 can generate six kinds of interrupts: transmit end, transmit data empty, receive data full, and three receive error interrupts (overrun error, framing error, and parity error). these interrupts have the same vector address. the various interrupt requests are shown in table 10-16. table 10-16 sci3 interrupt requests interrupt abbreviation interrupt request vector address rxi interrupt request initiated by receive data full flag (rdrf) h'0024 txi interrupt request initiated by transmit data empty flag (tdre) tei interrupt request initiated by transmit end flag (tend) eri interrupt request initiated by receive error flag (oer, fer, per) each interrupt request can be enabled or disabled by means of bits tie and rie in scr3. when bit tdre is set to 1 in ssr, a txi interrupt is requested. when bit tend is set to 1 in ssr, a tei interrupt is requested. these two interrupts are generated during transmission. the initial value of bit tdre in ssr is 1. therefore, if the transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) is enabled by setting bit tie to 1 in scr3 before transmit data is transferred to tdr, a txi interrupt will be requested even if the transmit data is not ready. also, the initial value of bit tend in ssr is 1. therefore, if the transmit end interrupt request (tei) is enabled by setting bit teie to 1 in scr3 before transmit data is transferred to tdr, a tei interrupt will be requested even if the transmit data has not been sent. effective use of these interrupt requests can be made by having processing that transfers transmit data to tdr carried out in the interrupt service routine. to prevent the generation of these interrupt requests (txi and tei), on the other hand, the enable bits for these interrupt requests (bits tie and teie) should be set to 1 after transmit data has been transferred to tdr. when bit rdrf is set to 1 in ssr, an rxi interrupt is requested, and if any of bits oer, per, and fer is set to 1, an eri interrupt is requested. these two interrupt requests are generated during reception. for further details, see 3.3, interrupts. 294
10.3.8 application notes the following points should be noted when using sci3. 1. relation between writes to tdr and bit tdre bit tdre in the serial status register (ssr) is a status flag that indicates that data for serial transmission has not been prepared in tdr. when data is written to tdr, bit tdre is cleared to 0 automatically. when sci3 transfers data from tdr to tsr, bit tdre is set to 1. data can be written to tdr irrespective of the state of bit tdre, but if new data is written to tdr while bit tdre is cleared to 0, the data previously stored in tdr will be lost of it has not yet been transferred to tsr. accordingly, to ensure that serial transmission is performed dependably, you should first check that bit tdre is set to 1, then write the transmit data to tdr once only (not two or more times). 2. operation when a number of receive errors occur simultaneously if a number of receive errors are detected simultaneously, the status flags in ssr will be set to the states shown in table 10-17. if an overrun error is detected, data transfer from rsr to rdr will not be performed, and the receive data will be lost. table 10-17 ssr status flag states and receive data transfer ssr status flags receive data transfer rdrf * oer fer per rsr ? rdr receive error status 1 100 overrun error 0 0 1 0 framing error 0 0 0 1 parity error 1 110 overrun error + framing error 1 101 overrun error + parity error 0 0 1 1 framing error + parity error 1 111 overrun error + framing error + parity error : receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr. : receive data is not transferred from rsr to rdr. note: * bit rdrf retains its state prior to data reception. 295
3. break detection and processing when a framing error is detected, a break can be detected by reading the value of the rxd pin directly. in a break, the input from the rxd pin becomes all 0s, with the result that bit fer is set and bit per may also be set. sci3 continues the receive operation even after receiving a break. note, therefore, that even though bit fer is cleared to 0 it will be set to 1 again. 4. mark state and break detection when bit te is cleared to 0, the txd pin functions as an i/o port whose input/output direction and level are determined by pdr and pcr. this fact can be used to set the txd pin to the mark state, or to detect a break during transmission. to keep the communication line in the mark state (1 state) until bit te is set to 1, set pcr = 1 and pdr = 1. since bit te is cleared to 0 at this time, the txd pin functions as an i/o port and 1 is output. to detect a break, clear bit te to 0 after setting pcr = 1 and pdr = 0. when bit te is cleared to 0, the transmission unit is initialized regardless of the current transmission state, the txd pin functions as an i/o port, and 0 is output from the txd pin. 5. receive error flags and transmit operation (synchronous mode only) when a receive error flag (oer, per, or fer) is set to 1, transmission cannot be started even if bit tdre is cleared to 0. the receive error flags must be cleared to 0 before starting transmission. note also that receive error flags cannot be cleared to 0 even if bit re is cleared to 0. 6. receive data sampling timing and receive margin in asynchronous mode in asynchronous mode, sci3 operates on a basic clock with a frequency 16 times the transfer rate. when receiving, sci3 performs internal synchronization by sampling the falling edge of the start bit with the basic clock. receive data is latched internally at the 8th rising edge of the basic clock. this is illustrated in figure 10-26. 296
figure 10-26 receive data sampling timing in asynchronous mode consequently, the receive margin in asynchronous mode can be expressed as shown in equation (1). m ={(0.5 1 ) d ?0.5 ?(l ?0.5) f} 5 100 [%] 2n n ..... equation (1) where m: receive margin (%) n: ratio of bit rate to clock (n = 16) d: clock duty (d = 0.5 to 1.0) l: frame length (l = 9 to 12) f: absolute value of clock frequency deviation substituting 0 for f (absolute value of clock frequency deviation) and 0.5 for d (clock duty) in equation (1), a receive margin of 46.875% is given by equation (2). when d = 0.5 and f = 0, m = {0.5 ?1/(2 5 16)} 5 100 [%] = 46.875% ..... equation (2) however, this is only a computed value, and a margin of 20% to 30% should be allowed when carrying out system design. 0 7 15 0 7 15 0 internal basic clock receive data (rxd) start bit d0 16 clock pulses 8 clock pulses d1 synchronization sampling timing data sampling timing 297
7. relation between rdr reads and bit rdrf in a receive operation, sci3 continually checks the rdrf flag. if bit rdrf is cleared to 0 when reception of one frame ends, normal data reception is completed. if bit rdrf is set to 1, this indicates that an overrun error has occurred. when the contents of rdr are read, bit rdrf is cleared to 0 automatically. therefore, if bit rdr is read more than once, the second and subsequent read operations will be performed while bit rdrf is cleared to 0. note that, when an rdr read is performed while bit rdrf is cleared to 0, if the read operation coincides with completion of reception of a frame, the next frame of data may be read. this is illustrated in figure 10-27. figure 10-27 relation between rdr read timing and data in this case, only a single rdr read operation (not two or more) should be performed after first checking that bit rdrf is set to 1. if two or more reads are performed, the data read the first time should be transferred to ram, etc., and the ram contents used. also, ensure that there is sufficient margin in an rdr read operation before reception of the next frame is completed. to be precise in terms of timing, the rdr read should be completed before bit 7 is transferred in synchronous mode, or before the stop bit is transferred in asynchronous mode. communication line rdrf rdr frame 1 frame 2 frame 3 data 1 data 1 rdr read rdr read data 1 is read at point (a) data 2 data 3 data 3 (a) data 2 is read at point (b) (b) 298
section 11 14-bit pwm 11.1 overview the h8/3657 series is provided with a 14-bit pwm (pulse width modulator) on-chip, which can be used as a d/a converter by connecting a low-pass filter. 11.1.1 features features of the 14-bit pwm are as follows. choice of two conversion periods a conversion period of 32,768/? with a minimum modulation width of 2/?or a conversion period of 16,384/? with a minimum modulation width of 1/?can be chosen. pulse division method for less ripple 11.1.2 block diagram figure 11-1 shows a block diagram of the 14-bit pwm. figure 11-1 block diagram of the 14 bit pwm internal data bus pwdrl pwdru pwcr pwm waveform generator ?2 ?4 notation: pwdrl: pwdru: pwcr: pwm data register l pwm data register u pwm control register pwm 299
11.1.3 pin configuration table 11-1 shows the output pin assigned to the 14-bit pwm. table 11-1 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function pwm output pin pwm output pulse-division pwm waveform output 11.1.4 register configuration table 11-2 shows the register configuration of the 14-bit pwm. table 11-2 register configuration name abbrev. r/w initial value address pwm control register pwcr w h'fe h'ffd0 pwm data register u pwdru w h'c0 h'ffd1 pwm data register l pwdrl w h'00 h'ffd2 300
11.2 register descriptions 11.2.1 pwm control register (pwcr) pwcr is an 8-bit write-only register for input clock selection. upon reset, pwcr is initialized to h'fe. bits 7 to 1: reserved bits bits 7 to 1 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit 0: clock select 0 (pwcr0) bit 0 selects the clock supplied to the 14-bit pwm. this bit is a write-only bit; it is always read as 1. bit 0 pwcr0 description 0 the input clock is ?2 (t = 2/?. the conversion period is 16,384/? (initial value) with a minimum modulation width of 1/? 1 the input clock is ?4 (t = 4/?. the conversion period is 32,768/? with a minimum modulation width of 2/? notation: t : period of pwm input clock bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 pwcr0 0 w 2 1 1 1 301
11.2.2 pwm data registers u and l (pwdru, pwdrl) pwdru and pwdrl form a 14-bit write-only register, with the upper 6 bits assigned to pwdru and the lower 8 bits to pwdrl. the value written to pwdru and pwdrl gives the total high- level width of one pwm waveform cycle. when 14-bit data is written to pwdru and pwdrl, the register contents are latched in the pwm waveform generator, updating the pwm waveform generation data. the 14-bit data should always be written in the following sequence: 1. write the lower 8 bits to pwdrl. 2. write the upper 6 bits to pwdru. pwdru and pwdrl are write-only registers. if they are read, all bits are read as 1. upon reset, pwdru and pwdrl are initialized to h'c000. bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 pwdru5 0 w 4 pwdru4 0 w 3 pwdru3 0 w 0 pwdru0 0 w 2 pwdru2 0 w 1 pwdru1 0 w pwdru bit initial value read/write 7 pwdrl7 0 w 6 pwdrl6 0 w 5 pwdrl5 0 w 4 pwdrl4 0 w 3 pwdrl3 0 w 0 pwdrl0 0 w 2 pwdrl2 0 w 1 pwdrl1 0 w pwdrl 302
11.3 operation when using the 14-bit pwm, set the registers in the following sequence. 1. set bit pwm in port mode register 1 (pmr1) to 1 so that pin p1 4 /pwm is designated for pwm output. 2. set bit pwcr0 in the pwm control register (pwcr) to select a conversion period of either 32,768/?(pwcr0 = 1) or 16,384/?(pwcr0 = 0). 3. set the output waveform data in pwm data registers u and l (pwdru/l). be sure to write in the correct sequence, first pwdrl then pwdru. when data is written to pwdru, the data in these registers will be latched in the pwm waveform generator, updating the pwm waveform generation in synchronization with internal signals. one conversion period consists of 64 pulses, as shown in figure 11-2. the total of the high- level pulse widths during this period (t h ) corresponds to the data in pwdru and pwdrl. this relation can be represented as follows. t h = (data value in pwdru and pwdrl + 64) t /2 where t is the pwm input clock period, either 2/?(bit pwcr0 = 0) or 4/?(bit pwcr0 = 1). example: settings in order to obtain a conversion period of 8,192 ?: when bit pwcr0 = 0, the conversion period is 16,384/? so ?must be 2 mhz. in this case t fn = 128 ?, with 1/?(resolution) = 0.5 ?. when bit pwcr0 = 1, the conversion period is 32,768/? so ?must be 4 mhz. in this case t fn = 128 ?, with 2/?(resolution) = 0.5 ?. accordingly, for a conversion period of 8,192 ?, the system clock frequency (? must be 2 mhz or 4 mhz. 303
figure 11-2 pwm output waveform 1 conversion period t f1 t f2 t f63 t f64 t h1 t h2 t h3 t h63 t h64 t = t + t + t + t = t = t h h1 h2 h3 h64 ..... t f1 f2 f3 ..... = t f84 304
section 12 a/d converter 12.1 overview the h8/3657 series includes on-chip a resistance-ladder-based successive-approximation analog-to- digital converter, and can convert up to 8 channels of analog input. 12.1.1 features the a/d converter has the following features. 8-bit resolution eight input channels conversion time: approx. 12.4 ? per channel (at 5 mhz operation) built-in sample-and-hold function interrupt requested on completion of a/d conversion a/d conversion can be started by external trigger input 12.1.2 block diagram figure 12-1 shows a block diagram of the a/d converter. figure 12-1 block diagram of the a/d converter internal data bus amr adsr adrr control logic + com- parator an an an an an an an an adtrg av av cc ss multiplexer reference voltage irrad av cc av ss 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 notation: amr: adsr: adrr: a/d mode register a/d start register a/d result register 305
12.1.3 pin configuration table 12-1 shows the a/d converter pin configuration. table 12-1 pin configuration name abbrev. i/o function analog power supply av cc input power supply and reference voltage of analog part analog ground av ss input ground and reference voltage of analog part analog input 0 an 0 input analog input channel 0 analog input 1 an 1 input analog input channel 1 analog input 2 an 2 input analog input channel 2 analog input 3 an 3 input analog input channel 3 analog input 4 an 4 input analog input channel 4 analog input 5 an 5 input analog input channel 5 analog input 6 an 6 input analog input channel 6 analog input 7 an 7 input analog input channel 7 external trigger input adtrg input external trigger input for starting a/d conversion 12.1.4 register configuration table 12-2 shows the a/d converter register configuration. table 12-2 register configuration name abbrev. r/w initial value address a/d mode register amr r/w h'30 h'ffc4 a/d start register adsr r/w h'7f h'ffc6 a/d result register adrr r not fixed h'ffc5 306
12.2 register descriptions 12.2.1 a/d result register (adrr) the a/d result register (adrr) is an 8-bit read-only register for holding the results of analog-to- digital conversion. adrr can be read by the cpu at any time, but the adrr values during a/d conversion are not fixed. after a/d conversion is complete, the conversion result is stored in adrr as 8-bit data; this data is held in adrr until the next conversion operation starts. adrr is not cleared on reset. 12.2.2 a/d mode register (amr) amr is an 8-bit read/write register for specifying the a/d conversion speed, external trigger option, and the analog input pins. upon reset, amr is initialized to h'30. bit 7: clock select (cks) bit 7 sets the a/d conversion speed. bit 7 conversion time cks conversion period ?= 2 mhz ?= 5 mhz 0 62/?(initial value) 31 ? 12.4 ? 1 31/ 15.5 ? * note: * operation is not guaranteed if the conversion time is less than 12.4 ?. set bit 7 for a value of at least 12.4 ?. bit initial value read/write 7 cks 0 r/w 6 trge 0 r/w 5 1 4 1 3 ch3 0 r/w 0 ch0 0 r/w 2 ch2 0 r/w 1 ch1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 adr7 not fixed r 6 adr6 not fixed r 5 adr5 not fixed r 4 adr4 not fixed r 3 adr3 not fixed r 0 adr0 not fixed r 2 adr2 not fixed r 1 adr1 not fixed r 307
bit 6: external trigger select (trge) bit 6 enables or disables the start of a/d conversion by external trigger input. bit 6 trge description 0 disables start of a/d conversion by external trigger (initial value) 1 enables start of a/d conversion by rising or falling edge of external trigger at pin adtrg * note: * the external trigger ( adtrg ) edge is selected by bit integ5 of iegr2. see 3.3.2 for details. bits 5 and 4: reserved bits bits 5 and 4 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bits 3 to 0: channel select (ch3 to ch0) bits 3 to 0 select the analog input channel. the channel selection should be made while bit adsf is cleared to 0. bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 ch3 ch2 ch1 ch0 analog input channel 00 ** no channel selected (initial value) 0100an 0 0101an 1 0110an 2 0111an 3 1000an 4 1001an 5 1010an 6 1011an 7 1100 reserved 1101 reserved 1110 reserved 1111 reserved note: * don? care 308
12.2.3 a/d start register (adsr) the a/d start register (adsr) is an 8-bit read/write register for starting and stopping a/d conversion. a/d conversion is started by writing 1 to the a/d start flag (adsf) or by input of the designated edge of the external trigger signal, which also sets adsf to 1. when conversion is complete, the converted data is set in the a/d result register (adrr), and at the same time adsf is cleared to 0. bit 7: a/d start flag (adsf) bit 7 controls and indicates the start and end of a/d conversion. bit 7 adsf description 0 read: indicates the completion of a/d conversion (initial value) write: stops a/d conversion 1 read: indicates a/d conversion in progress write: starts a/d conversion bits 6 to 0: reserved bits bits 6 to 0 are reserved; they are always read as 1, and cannot be modified. bit initial value read/write 7 adsf 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 309
12.3 operation 12.3.1 a/d conversion operation the a/d converter operates by successive approximations, and yields its conversion result as 8-bit data. a/d conversion begins when software sets the a/d start flag (bit adsf) to 1. bit adsf keeps a value of 1 during a/d conversion, and is cleared to 0 automatically when conversion is complete. the completion of conversion also sets bit irrad in interrupt request register 2 (irr2) to 1. an a/d conversion end interrupt is requested if bit ienad in interrupt enable register 2 (ienr2) is set to 1. if the conversion time or input channel needs to be changed in the a/d mode register (amr) during a/d conversion, bit adsf should first be cleared to 0, stopping the conversion operation, in order to avoid malfunction. 12.3.2 start of a/d conversion by external trigger input the a/d converter can be made to start a/d conversion by input of an external trigger signal. external trigger input is enabled at pin adtrg when bit trge in amr is set to 1. then when the input signal edge designated in bit integ5 of interrupt edge select register 2 (iegr2) is detected at pin adtrg , bit adsf in adsr will be set to 1, starting a/d conversion. figure 12-2 shows the timing. figure 12-2 external trigger input timing pin adtrg (when bit integ5 = 0) adsf a/d conversion 310
12.4 interrupts when a/d conversion ends (adsf changes from 1 to 0), bit irrad in interrupt request register 2 (irr2) is set to 1. a/d conversion end interrupts can be enabled or disabled by means of bit ienad in interrupt enable register 2 (ienr2). for further details see 3.3, interrupts. 12.5 typical use an example of how the a/d converter can be used is given below, using channel 1 (pin an 1 ) as the analog input channel. figure 12-3 shows the operation timing. 1. bits ch3 to ch0 of the a/d mode register (amr) are set to 0101, making pin an1 the analog input channel. a/d interrupts are enabled by setting bit ienad to 1, and a/d conversion is started by setting bit adsf to 1. 2. when a/d conversion is complete, bit irrad is set to 1, and the a/d conversion result is stored in the a/d result register (adrr). at the same time adsf is cleared to 0, and the a/d converter goes to the idle state. 3. bit ienad = 1, so an a/d conversion end interrupt is requested. 4. the a/d interrupt handling routine starts. 5. the a/d conversion result is read and processed. 6. the a/d interrupt handling routine ends. if adsf is set to 1 again afterward, a/d conversion starts and steps 2 through 6 take place. figures 12-4 and 12-5 show flow charts of procedures for using the a/d converter. 311
figure 12-3 typical a/d converter operation timing idle a/d conversion (1) idle a/d conversion (2) idle interrupt (irrad) ienad adsf channel 1 (an ) operation state adrr 1 set * set * set * read conversion result read conversion result a/d conversion result (1) a/d conversion result (2) a/d conversion starts note: ( ) indicates instruction execution by software. * conversion result is reset when next conversion starts 312
figure 12-4 flow chart of procedure for using a/d converter (1) (polling by software) start set a/d conversion speed and input channel perform a/d conversion? end yes no disable a/d conversion end interrupt start a/d conversion adsf = 0? no yes read adsr read adrr data 313
figure 12-5 flow chart of procedure for using a/d converter (2) (interrupts used) 12.6 application notes data in the a/d result register (adrr) should be read only when the a/d start flag (adsf) in the a/d start register (adsr) is cleared to 0. changing the digital input signal at an adjacent pin during a/d conversion may adversely affect conversion accuracy. start set a/d conversion speed and input channels enable a/d conversion end interrupt start a/d conversion a/d conversion end interrupt? yes no end yes no clear bit irrad to 0 in irr2 read adrr data perform a/d conversion? 314
section 13 electrical characteristics 13.1 absolute maximum ratings table 13-1 lists the absolute maximum ratings. table 13-1 absolute maximum ratings item symbol value unit power supply voltage v cc ?.3 to +7.0 v analog power supply voltage av cc ?.3 to +7.0 v programming voltage v pp ?.3 to +13.0 v input voltage ports other than port b v in ?.3 to v cc +0.3 v port b ?.3 to av cc +0.3 v operating temperature t opr ?0 to +75 ? storage temperature t stg ?5 to +125 ? note: permanent damage may occur to the chip if maximum ratings are exceeded. normal operation should be under the conditions specified in electrical characteristics. exceeding these values can result in incorrect operation and reduced reliability. 315
13.2 electrical characteristics 13.2.1 power supply voltage and operating range the power supply voltage and operating range are indicated by the shaded region in the figures below. 1. power supply voltage vs. oscillator frequency range note: * the oscillation start voltage is 2.5 v. 10.0 2.2 2.7 4.0 5.5 v (v) cc f (mhz) osc 32.768 2.2 4.0 5.5 v (v) cc fw (khz) active mode (high speed) sleep mode (high speed) all operating modes 5.0 2.0 ** 316
2. power supply voltage vs. clock frequency range 3. analog power supply voltage vs. a/d converter operating range 4.0 4.5 5.5 av (v) cc ?(mhz) active (high speed) mode sleep (high speed) mode 5.0 2.5 0.5 active (medium speed) mode sleep (medium speed) mode don? use in these modes. 2.2 2.7 78.125 2.7 4.0 5.5 v (v) cc ?(khz) 5.0 2.2 4.0 5.5 v (v) cc ?(mhz) 16.384 2.2 4.0 5.5 v (v) cc ? (khz) sub active (high speed) mode sleep (high speed) mode (except cpu) subactive mode subsleep mode (except cpu) watch mode (except cpu) ? active (medium speed) mode sleep (medium speed) mode (except cpu) 8.192 4.096 2.5 0.5 39.0625 7.8125 2.7 317
13.2.2 dc characteristics (hd6473657) table 13-2 lists the dc characteristics of the hd6473657. table 13-2 dc characteristics v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input high v ih res , 0.9 v cc ? cc + 0.3 v voltage int 0 to int 7 , irq 0 to irq 3 , adtrg , tmib, tmriv, tmciv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, sck 1 , sck 3 , trgv si 1 , rxd, 0.8 v cc ? cc + 0.3 v p1 0 to p1 7 , p2 0 to p2 7 , p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7, p9 0 to p9 4 pb 0 to pb 7 0.8 v cc ?v cc + 0.3 osc 1 v cc ?0.5 v cc + 0.3 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v v cc ?0.3 v cc + 0.3 note: connect the test pin to v ss . 318
table 13-2 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input low v il res , ?.3 0.1 v cc v voltage int 0 to int 7 , irq 0 to irq 3 , adtrg , tmib, tmriv, tmciv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, sck 1 , sck 3 , trgv si 1 , rxd, ?.3 0.2 v cc v p1 0 to p1 7 , p2 0 to p2 7 , p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 , pb 0 to pb 7 osc 1 ?.3 0.5 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v ?.3 0.3 319
table 13-2 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes output v oh p1 0 to p1 7 ,v cc ?1.0 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high p2 0 to p2 7 ,i oh = 1.0 ma voltage p3 0 to p3 5 , v cc ?0.5 v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v p5 0 to p5 7 , ? oh = 0.5 ma p6 0 to p6 7 , v cc ?0.4 ? oh = 0.1 ma p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 output v ol p1 0 to p1 7 , 0.6 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low p2 0 to p2 7 ,i ol = 1.6 ma voltage p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , 0.4 i ol = 0.4 ma p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 input/ | i il | osc 1 , 1 ? v in = 0.5 v to output p1 0 to p1 7 ,(v cc ?0.5 v) leakage p2 0 to p2 7 , current p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7, p9 0 to p9 4 pb 0 to pb 7 1 v in = 0.5 v to av cc ?0.5 v input | i il | res , irq 0 20 ? v in = 0.5 v to leakage (v cc ?0.5 v) current pull-up ? p p1 0 to p1 7 , 50 300 ? v cc = 5 v, mos p3 0 to p3 5 ,v in = 0 v current p5 0 to p5 7 ?5 v cc = 2.7 v, reference v in = 0 v value 320
table 13-2 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input c in all input pins 15 pf f = 1 mhz, capacitance except res v in = 0 v, t a = 25? res 60 irq 0 30 active i ope1 v cc 10 15 ma active (high-speed) mode 1, 2 mode v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz current ? v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 dissipation ? v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz reference value i ope2 v cc 1.5 2.5 ma active (medium-speed) mode 1, 2 v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz (?osc/128) 0.8 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 (?osc/128) reference 0.4 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz value (?osc/128) sleep i sleep1 v cc 4.5 6.5 ma sleep (high-speed) mode 1, 2 mode v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz current 2.2 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 dissipation 0.9 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz reference value i sleep2 v cc 1.4 2.4 ma sleep (medium-speed) mode 1, 2 v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz (?osc/128) 0.7 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 (?osc/128) reference 0.4 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz value (?osc/128) subactive i sub v cc 2030a v cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ( sub = w /2) dissipation ?5 v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 32-khz crystal oscillator reference ( sub = w /2) value ? v cc = 2.2 v 32-khz crystal oscillator ( sub = w /8) 321
table 13-2 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes subsleep i subsp v cc 1020a v cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ( sub = w /2) dissipation ? v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 32-khz crystal oscillator reference ( sub = w /2) value watch i watch v cc 7.5 9 a v cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ? v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 dissipation 32-khz crystal oscillator reference value standby i stby v cc 5 ? 32-khz crystal oscillator 1, 2 mode not used current dissipation ram data v ram v cc 2 v retaining voltage notes: 1. pin states during current measurement are given below. 2. excludes current in pull-up mos transistors and output buffers. mode res pin internal state other pins oscillator pins active (high-speed) v cc operates v cc system clock oscillator: mode ceramic or crystal active (medium-speed) operates subclock oscillator: mode (?sc/128) pin x 1 = v cc sleep (high-speed) v cc only timers operate v cc mode sleep (medium-speed) only timers operate mode (?sc/128) subactive mode v cc operates v cc system clock oscillator: subsleep mode v cc only timers operate, v cc ceramic or crystal cpu stops subclock oscillator: watch mode v cc only time base v cc crystal operates, cpu stops standby mode v cc cpu and timers v cc system clock oscillator: both stop ceramic or crystal subclock oscillator: pin x 1 = v cc 322
table 13-2 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol min typ max unit test condition allowable output all output pins i ol 2 mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low current (per pin) 0.5 allowable output all output pins ? i ol 40mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low current (total) 20 allowable output all output pins ? oh 2 mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high current (per pin) 0.2 allowable output all output pins ? ? oh 15mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high current (total) 10 323
13.2.3 ac characteristics (hd6473657) table 13-3 lists the control signal timing, and tables 13-4 and 13-5 list the serial interface timing of the hd6473657. table 13-3 control signal timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure system clock f osc osc 1 , osc 2 2 10 mhz v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v oscillation frequency 2 5 osc clock ( osc )t osc osc 1 , osc 2 100 1000 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v 1 cycle time 200 1000 figure 13-1 system clock (? t cyc 2 128 t osc 1 cycle time 25.5 ? subclock oscillation f w x 1 , x 2 32.768 khz frequency watch clock ( w ) t w x 1 , x 2 30.5 s cycle time subclock ( sub ) t subcyc 2 8 t w 2 cycle time instruction cycle 2 t cyc time t subcyc oscillation t rc osc 1 , osc 2 40 ms v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v stabilization time 60 v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v (crystal oscillator) oscillation t rc osc 1 , osc 2 20 ms v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v stabilization time 40 v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v (ceramic oscillator) oscillation t rc x 1 , x 2 2 s v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v stabilization time external clock high t cph osc 1 40 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v figure 13-1 width 80 external clock low t cpl osc 1 40 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v figure 13-1 width 80 external clock rise t cpr 15 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v time 20 external clock fall t cpf 15 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v time 20 pin res low width t rel res 18 t cyc figure 13-2 t subcyc notes: 1. a frequency between 1 mhz to 10 mhz is required when an external clock is input. 2. selected with sa1 and sa0 of system clock control register 2 (syscr2). 324
table 13-3 control signal timing (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure oscillation start v start osc 1 , osc 2 2.5 v voltage x 1 , x 2 2.5 input pin high width t ih irq 0 to irq 3 ,2 t cyc figure 13-3 int 0 to int 7 ,t subcyc adtrg , tmib, tmciv, tmriv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, trgv input pin low width t il irq 0 to irq 3 ,2 t cyc figure 13-3 int 0 to int 7 ,t subcyc adtrg , tmib, tmciv, tmriv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, trgv 325
table 13-4 serial interface (sci1) timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure input serial clock t scyc sck 1 4 t cyc figure 13-4 cycle time input serial clock t sckh sck 1 0.4 t scyc high width input serial clock t sckl sck 1 0.4 t scyc low width input serial clock t sckr sck 1 60 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v rise time 80 input serial clock t sckf sck 1 60 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v fall time 80 serial output data t sod so 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v delay time 350 serial input data t sis si 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v setup time 400 serial input data t sih si 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v hold time 400 table 13-5 serial interface (sci3) timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. values reference item symbol min typ max unit test conditions figure input clock asynchronous t scyc 4t cyc figure 13-5 cycle synchronous 6 input clock pulse width t sckw 0.4 0.6 t scyc figure 13-5 transmit data delay time t txd 1t cyc v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 1 receive data setup time t rxs 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 400 receive data hold time t rxh 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 400 326
13.2.4 dc characteristics (hd6433657, hd6433656, hd6433655, hd6433654, hd6433653, hd6433652) table 13-6 lists the dc characteristics of the hd6433657, the hd6433656, the hd6433655, the hd6433654, the hd6433653, and the hd6433652. table 13-6 dc characteristics v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input high v ih res , 0.9 v cc ? cc + 0.3 v voltage int 0 to int 7 , irq 0 to irq 3 , adtrg , tmib, tmriv, tmciv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, sck 1 , sck 3 , trgv si 1 , rxd, 0.8 v cc ? cc + 0.3 v p1 0 to p1 7 , p2 0 to p2 7 , p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7, p9 0 to p9 4 pb 0 to pb 7 0.8 v cc ?v cc + 0.3 osc 1 v cc ?0.5 v cc + 0.3 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v v cc ?0.3 v cc + 0.3 note: connect the test pin to v ss . 327
table 13-6 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input low v il res , ?.3 0.1 v cc v voltage int 0 to int 7 , irq 0 to irq 3 , adtrg , tmib, tmriv, tmciv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, sck 1 , sck 3 , trgv si 1 , rxd, ?.3 0.2 v cc v p1 0 to p1 7 , p2 0 to p2 7 , p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 , pb 0 to pb 7 osc 1 ?.3 0.5 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v ?.3 0.3 note: connect the test pin to v ss . 328
table 13-6 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes output v oh p1 0 to p1 7 ,v cc ?1.0 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high p2 0 to p2 7 ,i oh = 1.0 ma voltage p3 0 to p3 5 , v cc ?0.5 v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v p5 0 to p5 7 , ? oh = 0.5 ma p6 0 to p6 7 , v cc ?0.4 ? oh = 0.1 ma p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 output v ol p1 0 to p1 7 , 0.6 v v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low p2 0 to p2 7 ,i ol = 1.6 ma voltage p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , 0.4 i ol = 0.4 ma p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7 , p9 0 to p9 4 input/ | i il | osc 1 , 1 ? v in = 0.5 v to output p1 0 to p1 7 ,(v cc ?0.5 v) leakage p2 0 to p2 7 , current p3 0 to p3 5 , p5 0 to p5 7 , p6 0 to p6 7 , p7 0 to p7 7 , p8 0 to p8 7, p9 0 to p9 4 pb 0 to pb 7 1 v in = 0.5 v to av cc ?0.5 v input | i il | res , irq 0 1 av in = 0.5 v to leakage (v cc ?0.5 v) current pull-up ? p p1 0 to p1 7 , 50 300 ? v cc = 5 v, mos p3 0 to p3 5 ,v in = 0 v current p5 0 to p5 7 ?5 v cc = 2.7 v, reference v in = 0 v value 329
table 13-6 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes input c in all input pins 15 pf f = 1 mhz, capacitance except res v in = 0 v, t a = 25? res 15 irq 0 15 active i ope1 v cc 10 15 ma active (high-speed) mode 1, 2 mode v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz current ? v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 dissipation ? v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz reference value i ope2 v cc 1.5 2.5 ma active (medium-speed) mode 1, 2 v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz (?osc/128) 0.8 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 (?osc/128) reference 0.4 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz value (?osc/128) sleep i sleep1 v cc 4.5 6.5 ma sleep (high-speed) mode 1, 2 mode v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz current 2.2 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 dissipation 0.9 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz reference value i sleep2 v cc 1.4 2.4 ma sleep (medium-speed) mode 1, 2 v cc = 5 v, f osc = 10 mhz (?osc/128) 0.7 v cc = 2.7 v, f osc = 10 mhz 1, 2 (?osc/128) reference 0.4 v cc = 2.2 v, f osc = 5 mhz value (?osc/128) subactive i sub v cc 2030av cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ( sub = w /2) dissipation ?5 v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 32-khz crystal oscillator reference ( sub = w /2) value ? v cc = 2.2 v 32-khz crystal oscillator ( sub = w /8) 330
table 13-6 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75? unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol applicable pins min typ max unit test condition notes subsleep i subsp v cc 1020av cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ( sub = w /2) dissipation ? v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 32-khz crystal oscillator reference ( sub = w /2) value watch i watch v cc 7.5 9 a v cc = 2.7 v 1, 2 mode 32-khz crystal oscillator current ? v cc = 2.2 v 1, 2 dissipation 32-khz crystal oscillator reference value standby i stby v cc 5 ? 32-khz crystal oscillator 1, 2 mode not used current dissipation ram data v ram v cc 2 v retaining voltage notes: 1. pin states during current measurement are given below. 2. excludes current in pull-up mos transistors and output buffers. mode res pin internal state other pins oscillator pins active (high-speed) v cc operates v cc system clock oscillator: mode ceramic or crystal active (medium-speed) operates subclock oscillator: mode (?sc/128) pin x 1 = v cc sleep (high-speed) v cc only timers operate v cc mode sleep (medium-speed) only timers operate mode (?sc/128) subactive mode v cc operates v cc system clock oscillator: subsleep mode v cc only timers operate, v cc ceramic or crystal cpu stops subclock oscillator: watch mode v cc only time base v cc crystal perates, cpu stops standby mode v cc cpu and timers v cc system clock oscillator: both stop ceramic or crystal subclock oscillator: pin x 1 = v cc 331
table 13-6 dc characteristics (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise indicated. values item symbol min typ max unit test condition allowable output all output pins i ol 2 mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low current (per pin) 0.5 allowable output all output pins ? i ol 40mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v low current (total) 20 allowable output all output pins ? oh 2 mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high current (per pin) 0.2 allowable output all output pins ? ? oh 15mav cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v high current (total) 10 332
13.2.5 ac characteristics (hd6433657, hd6433656, hd6433655, hd6433654, hd6433653, hd6433652) table 13-7 lists the control signal timing, and tables 13-8 and 13-9 list the serial interface timing of the hd6433657, the hd6433656, the hd6433655, the hd6433654, the hd6433653, and the hd6433652. table 13-7 control signal timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure system clock f osc osc 1 , osc 2 2 10 mhz v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v oscillation frequency 2 5 osc clock ( osc )t osc osc 1 , osc 2 100 1000 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v 1 cycle time 200 1000 figure 13-1 system clock (? t cyc 2 128 t osc 1 cycle time 25.5 ? subclock oscillation f w x 1 , x 2 32.768 khz frequency watch clock ( w ) t w x 1 , x 2 30.5 s cycle time subclock ( sub ) t subcyc 2 8 t w 2 cycle time instruction cycle 2 t cyc time t subcyc oscillation t rc osc 1 , osc 2 40 ms v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v stabilization time 60 v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v (crystal oscillator) oscillation t rc osc 1 , osc 2 20 ms v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v stabilization time 40 v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v (ceramic oscillator) oscillation t rc x 1 , x 2 2 s v cc = 2.5 v to 5.5 v stabilization time external clock high t cph osc 1 40 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v figure 13-1 width 80 external clock low t cpl osc 1 40 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v figure 13-1 width 80 external clock rise t cpr 15 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v time 20 external clock fall t cpf 15 ns v cc = 2.7 v to 5.5 v time 20 pin res low width t rel res 18 t cyc figure 13-2 t subcyc notes: 1. a frequency between 1 mhz to 10 mhz is required when an external clock is input. 2. selected with sa1 and sa0 of system clock control register 2 (syscr2). 333
table 13-7 control signal timing (cont) v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure oscillation start v start osc 1 , osc 2 2.5 v voltage x 1 , x 2 2.5 input pin high width t ih irq 0 to irq 3 ,2 t cyc figure 13-3 int 0 to int 7 ,t subcyc adtrg , tmib, tmciv, tmriv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, trgv input pin low width t il irq 0 to irq 3 ,2 t cyc figure 13-3 int 0 to int 7 ,t subcyc adtrg , tmib, tmciv, tmriv, ftci, ftia, ftib, ftic, ftid, trgv 334
table 13-8 serial interface (sci1) timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure input serial clock t scyc sck 1 4 t cyc figure 13-4 cycle time input serial clock t sckh sck 1 0.4 t scyc high width input serial clock t sckl sck 1 0.4 t scyc low width input serial clock t sckr sck 1 60 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v rise time 80 input serial clock t sckf sck 1 60 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v fall time 80 serial output data t sod so 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v delay time 350 serial input data t sis si 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v setup time 400 serial input data t sih si 1 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v hold time 400 table 13-9 serial interface (sci3) timing v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. values reference item symbol min typ max unit test conditions figure input clock asynchronous t scyc 4t cyc figure 13-5 cycle synchronous 6 input clock pulse width t sckw 0.4 0.6 t scyc figure 13-5 transmit data delay time t txd 1t cyc v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 1 receive data setup time t rxs 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 400 receive data hold time t rxh 200 ns v cc = 4.0 v to 5.5 v figure 13-6 (synchronous) 400 335
13.2.6 a/d converter characteristics table 13-10 shows the a/d converter characteristics of the hd6473657, the hd6433657, the hd6433656, the hd6433655, the hd6433654, the hd6433653, and the hd6433652. table 13-10 a/d converter characteristics v cc = av cc = 2.2 v to 5.5 v, v ss = av ss = 0.0 v, t a = ?0? to +75?, unless otherwise specified. applicable values reference item symbol pins min typ max unit test condition figure analog power av cc av cc 2.2 5.5 v 1 supply voltage analog input av in an 0 to an 7 av ss ?0.3 av cc + 0.3 v voltage analog power ai ope av cc 1.5 ma av cc = 5 v supply current ai stop1 av cc 150 a 2 reference value ai stop2 av cc 5 a 3 analog input c ain an 0 to an 7 30 pf capacitance allowable r ain 5 k signal source impedance resolution 8 bit (data length) nonlinearity ?.0 lsb error quantization ?.5 lsb error absolute ?.5 lsb accuracy conversion 12.4 124 ? av cc = 2.7 to 5.5 v time 24.8 124 notes: 1. always set av cc = v cc for the analog power supply voltage. 2. ai stop1 is the current in active and sleep modes while the a/d converter is idle. 3. ai stop2 is the current at reset and in standby, watch, subactive, and subsleep modes while the a/d converter is idle. 336
337 13.3 operation timing figures 13-1 to 13-9 show timing diagrams. figure 13-1 system clock input timing figure 13-2 res low width timing figure 13-3 input timing v ih v il t il irq 0 to irq 3 int 0 to int 7 adtrg tmib, ftia ftib tmciv, ftic ftid tmriv ftci, trgv t ih res v il t rel t osc v ih v il t cph t cpl t cpr osc1 t cpf
338 figure 13-4 sci1, sci2 input/output timing t scyc t sckf t sckl t sckh t sod v v oh ol * * t sis t sih sck so si 1 1 1 t sckr v or v ih oh * v or v il ol * notes: * output timing reference levels output high: output low: load conditions are shown in figure 13-7. v = 2.0 v v = 0.8 v oh ol
figure 13-5 sck 3 input clock timing figure 13-6 serial interface 3 synchronous mode input output timing 3 t scyc t txd t rxs t rxh v oh v or v ih oh v or v il ol * * * v ol oh ol * sck txd (transmit data) rxd (receive data) note: * output timing reference levels output high output low load conditions are shown in figure 13-7. v = 2.0 v v = 0.8 v t scyc 3 t sckw sck 339
13.4 output load circuit figure 13-7 output load condition v cc 2.4 k w 12 k w 30 pf output pin 340
appendix a cpu instruction set a.1 instructions operation notation rd8/16 general register (destination) (8 or 16 bits) rs8/16 general register (source) (8 or 16 bits) rn8/16 general register (8 or 16 bits) ccr condition code register n n (negative) flag in ccr z z (zero) flag in ccr v v (overflow) flag in ccr c c (carry) flag in ccr pc program counter sp stack pointer #xx: 3/8/16 immediate data (3, 8, or 16 bits) d: 8/16 displacement (8 or 16 bits) @aa: 8/16 absolute address (8 or 16 bits) + addition subtraction multiplication division logical and logical or ? exclusive logical or ? move logical complement condition code notation symbol modified according to the instruction result * not fixed (value not guaranteed) 0 always cleared to 0 not affected by the instruction execution result 341
table a-1 lists the h8/300l cpu instruction set. table a-1 instruction set mnemonic operation i h n z v c mov.b #xx:8, rd b #xx:8 ? rd8 2 0? mov.b rs, rd b rs8 ? rd8 2 0? mov.b @rs, rd b @rs16 ? rd8 2 0? mov.b @(d:16, rs), rd b @(d:16, rs16) ? rd8 4 0? mov.b @rs+, rd b @rs16 ? rd8 2 0? rs16+1 ? rs16 mov.b @aa:8, rd b @aa:8 ? rd8 2 0? mov.b @aa:16, rd b @aa:16 ? rd8 4 0? mov.b rs, @rd b rs8 ? @rd16 2 0? mov.b rs, @(d:16, rd) b rs8 ? @(d:16, rd16) 4 0? mov.b rs, @?d b rd16? ? rd16 2 0? rs8 ? @rd16 mov.b rs, @aa:8 b rs8 ? @aa:8 2 0? mov.b rs, @aa:16 b rs8 ? @aa:16 4 0? mov.w #xx:16, rd w #xx:16 ? rd 4 0? mov.w rs, rd w rs16 ? rd16 2 0? mov.w @rs, rd w @rs16 ? rd16 2 0? mov.w @(d:16, rs), rd w @(d:16, rs16) ? rd16 4 0? mov.w @rs+, rd w @rs16 ? rd16 2 0? rs16+2 ? rs16 mov.w @aa:16, rd w @aa:16 ? rd16 4 0? mov.w rs, @rd w rs16 ? @rd16 2 0? mov.w rs, @(d:16, rd) w rs16 ? @(d:16, rd16) 4 0? mov.w rs, @?d w rd16? ? rd16 2 0? rs16 ? @rd16 mov.w rs, @aa:16 w rs16 ? @aa:16 4 0? pop rd w @sp ? rd16 2 0? sp+2 ? sp push rs w sp? ? sp 2 0? rs16 ? @sp 342 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c add.b #xx:8, rd b rd8+#xx:8 ? rd8 2 2 add.b rs, rd b rd8+rs8 ? rd8 2 2 add.w rs, rd w rd16+rs16 ? rd16 2 (1) 2 addx.b #xx:8, rd b rd8+#xx:8 +c ? rd8 2 (2) 2 addx.b rs, rd b rd8+rs8 +c ? rd8 2 (2) 2 adds.w #1, rd w rd16+1 ? rd16 2 2 adds.w #2, rd w rd16+2 ? rd16 2 2 inc.b rd b rd8+1 ? rd8 2 ? daa.b rd b rd8 decimal adjust ? rd8 2 * * (3) 2 sub.b rs, rd b rd8?s8 ? rd8 2 2 sub.w rs, rd w rd16?s16 ? rd16 2 (1) 2 subx.b #xx:8, rd b rd8?xx:8 ? ? rd8 2 (2) 2 subx.b rs, rd b rd8?s8 ? ? rd8 2 (2) 2 subs.w #1, rd w rd16? ? rd16 2 2 subs.w #2, rd w rd16? ? rd16 2 2 dec.b rd b rd8? ? rd8 2 ? das.b rd b rd8 decimal adjust ? rd8 2 * * ? neg.b rd b 0?d ? rd 2 2 cmp.b #xx:8, rd b rd8?xx:8 2 2 cmp.b rs, rd b rd8?s8 2 2 cmp.w rs, rd w rd16?s16 2 (1) 2 343 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c mulxu.b rs, rd b rd8 rs8 ? rd16 2 14 divxu.b rs, rd b rd16 ? rs8 ? rd16 2 (5) (6) 14 (rdh: remainder, rdl: quotient) and.b #xx:8, rd b rd8 #xx:8 ? rd8 2 0? and.b rs, rd b rd8 rs8 ? rd8 2 0? or.b #xx:8, rd b rd8 #xx:8 ? rd8 2 0? or.b rs, rd b rd8 rs8 ? rd8 2 0? xor.b #xx:8, rd b rd8 ? #xx:8 ? rd8 2 0? xor.b rs, rd b rd8 ? rs8 ? rd8 2 0? not.b rd b rd ? rd 2 0? shal.b rd b 2 2 shar.b rd b 2 0 2 shll.b rd b 2 0 2 shlr.b rd b 2 0 0 2 rotxl.b rd b 2 0 2 rotxr.b rd b 2 0 2 344 b 7 b 0 0 c c b 7 b 0 b 7 b 0 0 c b 7 b 0 0c c b 7 b 0 c b 7 b 0 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c rotl.b rd b 2 0 2 rotr.b rd b 2 0 2 bset #xx:3, rd b (#xx:3 of rd8) ? 1 2 2 bset #xx:3, @rd b (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? 1 4 8 bset #xx:3, @aa:8 b (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? 1 4 8 bset rn, rd b (rn8 of rd8) ? 1 2 2 bset rn, @rd b (rn8 of @rd16) ? 1 4 8 bset rn, @aa:8 b (rn8 of @aa:8) ? 1 4 8 bclr #xx:3, rd b (#xx:3 of rd8) ? 0 2 2 bclr #xx:3, @rd b (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? 0 4 8 bclr #xx:3, @aa:8 b (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? 0 4 8 bclr rn, rd b (rn8 of rd8) ? 0 2 2 bclr rn, @rd b (rn8 of @rd16) ? 0 4 8 bclr rn, @aa:8 b (rn8 of @aa:8) ? 0 4 8 bnot #xx:3, rd b (#xx:3 of rd8) ? 2 2 ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) bnot #xx:3, @rd b (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? 4 8 ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) bnot #xx:3, @aa:8 b (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? 4 8 ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) bnot rn, rd b (rn8 of rd8) ? 2 2 ( rn8 of rd8 ) bnot rn, @rd b (rn8 of @rd16) ? 4 8 ( rn8 of @rd16 ) bnot rn, @aa:8 b (rn8 of @aa:8) ? 4 8 ( rn8 of @aa:8 ) 345 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size c b 7 b 0 c b 7 b 0
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c btst #xx:3, rd b ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) ? z 2 2 btst #xx:3, @rd b ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) ? z 4 6 btst #xx:3, @aa:8 b ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) ? z 4 6 btst rn, rd b ( rn8 of rd8 ) ? z 2 2 btst rn, @rd b ( rn8 of @rd16 ) ? z 4 6 btst rn, @aa:8 b ( rn8 of @aa:8 ) ? z 4 6 bld #xx:3, rd b (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c 2 2 bld #xx:3, @rd b (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? c 4 6 bld #xx:3, @aa:8 b (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c 4 6 bild #xx:3, rd b ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) ? c 2 2 bild #xx:3, @rd b ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) ? c 4 6 bild #xx:3, @aa:8 b ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) ? c 4 6 bst #xx:3, rd b c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) 2 2 bst #xx:3, @rd b c ? (#xx:3 of @rd16) 4 8 bst #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) 4 8 bist #xx:3, rd b c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) 2 2 bist #xx:3, @rd b c ? (#xx:3 of @rd16) 4 8 bist #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) 4 8 band #xx:3, rd b c (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c 2 2 band #xx:3, @rd b c (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? c 4 6 band #xx:3, @aa:8 b c (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c 4 6 biand #xx:3, rd b c ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) ? c 2 2 biand #xx:3, @rd b c ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) ? c 4 6 biand #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) ? c 4 6 bor #xx:3, rd b c (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c 2 2 bor #xx:3, @rd b c (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? c 4 6 bor #xx:3, @aa:8 b c (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c 4 6 bior #xx:3, rd b c ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) ? c 2 2 bior #xx:3, @rd b c ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) ? c 4 6 346 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c bior #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) ? c 4 6 bxor #xx:3, rd b c ? (#xx:3 of rd8) ? c 2 2 bxor #xx:3, @rd b c ? (#xx:3 of @rd16) ? c 4 6 bxor #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ? (#xx:3 of @aa:8) ? c 4 6 bixor #xx:3, rd b c ? ( #xx:3 of rd8 ) ? c 2 2 bixor #xx:3, @rd b c ? ( #xx:3 of @rd16 ) ? c 4 6 bixor #xx:3, @aa:8 b c ? ( #xx:3 of @aa:8 ) ? c 4 6 bra d:8 (bt d:8) pc ? pc+d:8 2 4 brn d:8 (bf d:8) pc ? pc+2 2 4 bhi d:8 c z = 0 2 4 bls d:8 c z = 1 2 4 bcc d:8 (bhs d:8) c = 0 2 4 bcs d:8 (blo d:8) c = 1 2 4 bne d:8 z = 0 2 4 beq d:8 z = 1 2 4 bvc d:8 v = 0 2 4 bvs d:8 v = 1 2 4 bpl d:8 n = 0 2 4 bmi d:8 n = 1 2 4 bge d:8 n ? v = 0 2 4 blt d:8 n ? v = 1 2 4 bgt d:8 z (n ? v) = 0 2 4 ble d:8 z (n ? v) = 1 2 4 jmp @rn pc ? rn16 2 4 jmp @aa:16 pc ? aa:16 4 6 jmp @@aa:8 pc ? @aa:8 2 8 bsr d:8 sp? ? sp 2 6 pc ? @sp pc ? pc+d:8 347 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size if condition is true then pc ? pc+d:8 else next; branching condition
table a-1 instruction set (cont) mnemonic operation i h n z v c jsr @rn sp? ? sp 2 6 pc ? @sp pc ? rn16 jsr @aa:16 sp? ? sp 4 8 pc ? @sp pc ? aa:16 jsr @@aa:8 sp? ? sp 2 8 pc ? @sp pc ? @aa:8 rts pc ? @sp 2 8 sp+2 ? sp rte ccr ? @sp 2 10 sp+2 ? sp pc ? @sp sp+2 ? sp sleep transit to sleep mode. 2 2 ldc #xx:8, ccr b #xx:8 ? ccr 2 2 ldc rs, ccr b rs8 ? ccr 2 2 stc ccr, rd b ccr ? rd8 2 2 andc #xx:8, ccr b ccr #xx:8 ? ccr 2 2 orc #xx:8, ccr b ccr #xx:8 ? ccr 2 2 xorc #xx:8, ccr b ccr ? #xx:8 ? ccr 2 2 nop pc ? pc+2 2 2 eepmov if r4l 0 4 4 repeat @r5 ? @r6 r5+1 ? r5 r6+1 ? r6 r4l? ? r4l until r4l=0 else next; notes: (1) set to 1 when there is a carry or borrow from bit 11; otherwise cleared to 0. (2) if the result is zero, the previous value of the flag is retained; otherwise the flag is cleared to 0. (3) set to 1 if decimal adjustment produces a carry; otherwise retains value prior to arithmetic operation. (4) the number of states required for execution is 4n + 9 (n = value of r4l). (5) set to 1 if the divisor is negative; otherwise cleared to 0. (6) set to 1 if the divisor is zero; otherwise cleared to 0. 348 #xx: 8/16 rn @rn @(d:16, rn) @?n/@rn+ @aa: 8/16 @(d:8, pc) @@aa implied no. of states addressing mode/ instruction length (bytes) condition code operand size
a.2 operation code map table a-2 is an operation code map. it shows the operation codes contained in the first byte of the instruction code (bits 15 to 8 of the first instruction word). instruction when first bit of byte 2 (bit 7 of first instruction word) is 0. instruction when first bit of byte 2 (bit 7 of first instruction word) is 1. 349

" # " # high low 0123456789abcdef 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f nop bra mulxu bset shll shal sleep brn divxu bnot shlr shar stc bhi bclr rotxl rotl ldc bls btst rotxr rotr orc or bcc rts xorc xor bcs bsr bor bior bxor bixor band biand andc and bne rte ldc beq not neg bld bild bst bist add sub bvc bvs mov inc dec bpl jmp adds subs bmi eepmov mov cmp bge blt addx subx bgt jsr daa das ble mov add addx cmp subx or xor and mov mov * # note: bit-manipulation instructions the push and pop instructions are identical in machine language to mov instructions. * table a-2 operation code map 350
a.3 number of execution states the tables here can be used to calculate the number of states required for instruction execution. table a-3 indicates the number of states required for each cycle (instruction fetch, branch address read, stack operation, byte data access, word data access, internal operation). table a-4 indicates the number of cycles of each type occurring in each instruction. the total number of states required for execution of an instruction can be calculated from these two tables as follows: execution states = i s i + j s j + k s k + l s l + m s m + n s n examples: when instruction is fetched from on-chip rom, and an on-chip ram is accessed. bset #0, @ff00 from table a-4: i = l = 2, j = k = m = n= 0 from table a-3: s i = 2, s l = 2 number of states required for execution = 2 2 + 2 2 = 8 when instruction is fetched from on-chip rom, branch address is read from on-chip rom, and on- chip ram is used for stack area. jsr @@ 30 from table a-4: i = 2, j = k = 1, l = m = n = 0 from table a-3: s i = s j = s k = 2 number of states required for execution = 2 2 + 1 2+ 1 2 = 8 351
table a-3 number of cycles in each instruction execution status access location (instruction cycle) on-chip memory on-chip peripheral module instruction fetch s i 2 branch address read s j stack operation s k byte data access s l 2 or 3 * word data access s m internal operation s n 1 note: * depends on which on-chip module is accessed. see 2.9.1, notes on data access for details. 352
table a-4 number of cycles in each instruction instruction branch stack byte data word data internal fetch addr. read operation access access operation instruction mnemonic i j k l m n add add.b #xx:8, rd 1 add.b rs, rd 1 add.w rs, rd 1 adds adds.w #1, rd 1 adds.w #2, rd 1 addx addx.b #xx:8, rd 1 addx.b rs, rd 1 and and.b #xx:8, rd 1 and.b rs, rd 1 andc andc #xx:8, ccr 1 band band #xx:3, rd 1 band #xx:3, @rd 2 1 band #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bcc bra d:8 (bt d:8) 2 brn d:8 (bf d:8) 2 bhi d:8 2 bls d:8 2 bcc d:8 (bhs d:8) 2 bcs d:8 (blo d:8) 2 bne d:8 2 beq d:8 2 bvc d:8 2 bvs d:8 2 bpl d:8 2 bmi d:8 2 bge d:8 2 blt d:8 2 bgt d:8 2 ble d:8 2 bclr bclr #xx:3, rd 1 bclr #xx:3, @rd 2 2 bclr #xx:3, @aa:8 2 2 bclr rn, rd 1 353
table a-4 number of cycles in each instruction (cont) instruction branch stack byte data word data internal fetch addr. read operation access access operation instruction mnemonic i j k l m n bclr bclr rn, @rd 2 2 bclr rn, @aa:8 2 2 biand biand #xx:3, rd 1 biand #xx:3, @rd 2 1 biand #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bild bild #xx:3, rd 1 bild #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bild #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bior bior #xx:3, rd 1 bior #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bior #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bist bist #xx:3, rd 1 bist #xx:3, @rd 2 2 bist #xx:3, @aa:8 2 2 bixor bixor #xx:3, rd 1 bixor #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bixor #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bld bld #xx:3, rd 1 bld #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bld #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bnot bnot #xx:3, rd 1 bnot #xx:3, @rd 2 2 bnot #xx:3, @aa:8 2 2 bnot rn, rd 1 bnot rn, @rd 2 2 bnot rn, @aa:8 2 2 bor bor #xx:3, rd 1 bor #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bor #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 bset bset #xx:3, rd 1 bset #xx:3, @rd 2 2 bset #xx:3, @aa:8 2 2 bset rn, rd 1 bset rn, @rd 2 2 354
table a-4 number of cycles in each instruction (cont) instruction branch stack byte data word data internal fetch addr. read operation access access operation instruction mnemonic i j k l m n bset bset rn, @aa:8 2 2 bsr bsr d:8 2 1 bst bst #xx:3, rd 1 bst #xx:3, @rd 2 2 bst #xx:3, @aa:8 2 2 btst btst #xx:3, rd 1 btst #xx:3, @rd 2 1 btst #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 btst rn, rd 1 btst rn, @rd 2 1 btst rn, @aa:8 2 1 bxor bxor #xx:3, rd 1 bxor #xx:3, @rd 2 1 bxor #xx:3, @aa:8 2 1 cmp cmp. b #xx:8, rd 1 cmp. b rs, rd 1 cmp.w rs, rd 1 daa daa.b rd 1 das das.b rd 1 dec dec.b rd 1 divxu divxu.b rs, rd 1 12 eepmov eepmov 2 2n+2* 1 inc inc.b rd 1 jmp jmp @rn 2 jmp @aa:16 2 2 jmp @@aa:8 2 1 2 jsr jsr @rn 2 1 jsr @aa:16 2 1 2 jsr @@aa:8 2 1 1 ldc ldc #xx:8, ccr 1 ldc rs, ccr 1 mov mov.b #xx:8, rd 1 mov.b rs, rd 1 mov.b @rs, rd 1 1 note: n: initial value in r4l. the source and destination operands are accessed n + 1 times each. 355
table a-4 number of cycles in each instruction (cont) instruction branch stack byte data word data internal fetch addr. read operation access access operation instruction mnemonic i j k l m n mov mov.b @(d:16, rs), rd 2 1 mov.b @rs+, rd 1 1 2 mov.b @aa:8, rd 1 1 mov.b @aa:16, rd 2 1 mov.b rs, @rd 1 1 mov.b rs, @(d:16, rd) 2 1 mov.b rs, @?d 1 1 2 mov.b rs, @aa:8 1 1 mov.b rs, @aa:16 2 1 mov.w #xx:16, rd 2 mov.w rs, rd 1 mov.w @rs, rd 1 1 mov.w @(d:16, rs), rd 2 1 mov.w @rs+, rd 1 1 2 mov.w @aa:16, rd 2 1 mov.w rs, @rd 1 1 mov.w rs, @(d:16, rd) 2 1 mov.w rs, @?d 1 1 2 mov.w rs, @aa:16 2 1 mulxu mulxu.b rs, rd 1 12 neg neg.b rd 1 nop nop 1 not not.b rd 1 or or.b #xx:8, rd 1 or.b rs, rd 1 orc orc #xx:8, ccr 1 rotl rotl.b rd 1 rotr rotr.b rd 1 rotxl rotxl.b rd 1 rotxr rotxr.b rd 1 rte rte 2 2 2 rts rts 2 1 2 356
table a-4 number of cycles in each instruction (cont) instruction branch stack byte data word data internal fetch addr. read operation access access operation instruction mnemonic i j k l m n shll shll.b rd 1 shal shal.b rd 1 shar shar.b rd 1 shlr shlr.b rd 1 sleep sleep 1 stc stc ccr, rd 1 sub sub.b rs, rd 1 sub.w rs, rd 1 subs subs.w #1, rd 1 subs.w #2, rd 1 pop pop rd 1 1 2 push push rs 1 1 2 subx subx.b #xx:8, rd 1 subx.b rs, rd 1 xor xor.b #xx:8, rd 1 xor.b rs, rd 1 xorc xorc #xx:8, ccr 1 357
appendix b internal i/o registers b.1 addresses register bit names module address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'f740 h'f741 h'f742 h'f743 h'f744 h'f770 tier iciae icibe icice icide ociae ocibe ovie timer x h'f771 tcsrx icfa icfb icfc icfd ocfa ocfb ovf cclra h'f772 frch frch7 frch6 frch5 frch4 frch3 frch2 frch1 frch0 h'f773 frcl frcl7 frcl6 frcl5 frcl4 frcl3 frcl2 frcl1 frcl0 h'f774 ocrah/ ocrah7/ ocrah6/ ocrah5/ ocrah4/ ocrah3/ ocrah2/ ocrah1/ ocrah0/ ocrbh ocrbh7 ocrbh6 ocrbh5 ocrbh4 ocrbh3 ocrbh2 ocrbh1 ocrbh0 h'f775 ocral/ ocral7/ ocral6/ ocral5/ ocral4/ ocral3/ ocral2/ ocral1/ ocral0/ ocrbl ocrbl7 ocrbl6 ocrbl5 ocrbl4 ocrbl3 ocrbl2 ocrbl1 ocrbl0 h'f776 tcrx iedga iedgb iedgc iedgd bufea bufeb cks1 cks0 h'f777 tocr ocrs oea oeb olvla olvlb h'f778 icrah icrah7 icrah6 icrah5 icrah4 icrah3 icrah2 icrah1 icrah0 h'f779 icral icral7 icral6 icral5 icral4 icral3 icral2 icral1 icral0 f'f77a icrbh icrbh7 icrbh6 icrbh5 icrbh4 icrbh3 icrbh2 icrbh1 icrbh0 f'f77b icrbl icrbl7 icrbl6 icrbl5 icrbl4 icrbl3 icrbl2 icrbl1 icrbl0 h'f77c icrch icrch7 icrch6 icrch5 icrch4 icrch3 icrch2 icrch1 icrch0 h'f77d icrcl icrcl7 icrcl6 icrcl5 icrcl4 icrcl3 icrcl2 icrcl1 icrcl0 h'f77e icrdh icrdh7 icrdh6 icrdh5 icrdh4 icrdh3 icrdh2 icrdh1 icrdh0 h'f77f icrdl icrdl7 icrdl6 icrdl5 icrdl4 icrdl3 icrdl2 icrdl1 icrdl0 h'ffa0 scr1 snc1 snc0 mrkon ltch cks3 cks2 cks1 cks0 sci1 h'ffa1 scsr1 sol orer mtrf stf h'ffa2 sdru sdru7 sdru6 sdru5 sdru4 sdru3 sdru2 sdru1 sdru0 h'ffa3 sdrl sdrl7 sdrl6 sdrl5 sdrl4 sdrl3 sdrl2 sdrl1 sdrl0 h'ffa4 h'ffa5 h'ffa6 h'ffa7 h'ffa8 smr com chr pe pm stop mp cks1 cks0 sci3 h'ffa9 brr brr7 brr6 brr5 brr4 brr3 brr2 brr1 brr0 h'ffaa scr3 tie rie te re mpie teie cke1 cke0 h'ffab tdr tdr7 tdr6 tdr5 tdr4 tdr3 tdr2 tdr1 tdr0 notation sci1: serial communication interface 1 358
register bit names module address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffac ssr tdre rdrf oer fer per tend mpbr mpbt sci3 h'ffad rdr rdr7 rdr6 rdr5 rdr4 rdr3 rdr2 rdr1 rdr0 h'ffae h'ffaf h'ffb0 tma tma7 tma6 tma5 tma3 tma2 tma1 tma0 timer a h'ffb1 tca tca7 tca6 tca5 tca4 tca3 tca2 tca1 tca0 h'ffb2 tmb1 tmb17 tmb12 tmb11 tmb10 timer b1 h'ffb3 tcb1/ tcb17/ tcb16/ tcb15/ tcb14/ tcb13/ tcb12/ tcb11/ tcb10/ tlb1 tlb17 tlb16 tlb15 tlb14 tlb13 tlb12 tlb11 tlb10 h'ffb4 h'ffb5 h'ffb6 h'ffb7 h'ffb8 tcrv0 cmieb cmiea ovie cclr1 cclr0 cks2 cks1 cks0 timer v h'ffb9 tcsrv cmfb cmfa ovf os3 os2 os1 os0 h'ffba tcora tcora7 tcora6 tcora5 tcora4 tcora3 tcora2 tcora1 tcora0 h'ffbb tcorb tcorb7 tcorb6 tcorb5 tcorb4 tcorb3 tcorb2 tcorb1 tcorb0 h'ffbc tcntv tcntv7 tcntv6 tcntv5 tcntv4 tcntv3 tcntv2 tcntv1 tcntv0 h'ffbd tcrv1 tveg1 tveg0 trge icks0 h'ffbe tcsrw b6wi tcwe b4wi tcsrwe b2wi wdon bowi wrst watchdog h'ffbf tcw tcw7 tcw6 tcw5 tcw4 tcw3 tcw2 tcw1 tcw0 timer h'ffc0 h'ffc1 h'ffc2 h'ffc3 h'ffc4 amr cks trge ch3 ch2 ch1 ch0 a/d h'ffc5 adrr adr7 adr6 adr5 adr4 adr3 adr2 adr1 adr0 converter h'ffc6 adsr adsf h'ffc7 h'ffc8 h'ffc9 h'ffca h'ffcb 359
register bit names module address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffcc h'ffcd h'ffce h'ffcf h'ffd0 pwcr pwcr0 14-bit h'ffd1 pwdru pwdru5 pwdru4 pwdru3 pwdru2 pwdru1 pwdru0 pwm h'ffd2 pwdrl pwdrl7 pwdrl6 pwdrl5 pwdrl4 pwdrl3 pwdrl2 pwdrl1 pwdrl0 h'ffd3 h'ffd4 pdr1 p1 7 p1 6 p1 5 p1 4 p1 3 p1 2 p1 1 p1 0 i/o ports h'ffd5 pdr2 p2 7 p2 6 p2 5 p2 4 p2 3 p2 2 p2 1 p2 0 h'ffd6 pdr3 p3 5 p3 4 p3 3 p3 2 p3 1 p3 0 h'ffd7 h'ffd8 pdr5 p5 7 p5 6 p5 5 p5 4 p5 3 p5 2 p5 1 p5 0 h'ffd9 pdr6 p6 7 p6 6 p6 5 p6 4 p6 3 p6 2 p6 1 p6 0 h'ffda pdr7 p7 7 p7 6 p7 5 p7 4 p7 3 p7 2 p7 1 p7 0 h'ffdb pdr8 p8 7 p8 6 p8 5 p8 4 p8 3 p8 2 p8 1 p8 0 h'ffdc pdr9 ?9 4 p9 3 p9 2 p9 1 p9 0 h'ffdd pdrb pb 7 pb 6 pb 5 pb 4 pb 3 pb 2 pb 1 pb 0 h'ffde h'ffdf h'ffe0 i/o ports h'ffe1 h'ffe2 h'ffe3 h'ffe4 pcr1 pcr1 7 pcr1 6 pcr1 5 pcr1 4 pcr1 3 pcr1 2 pcr1 1 pcr1 0 h'ffe5 pcr2 pcr2 7 pcr2 6 pcr2 5 pcr2 4 pcr2 3 pcr2 2 pcr2 1 pcr2 0 h'ffe6 pcr3 pcr3 5 pcr3 4 pcr3 3 pcr3 2 pcr3 1 pcr3 0 h'ffe7 h'ffe8 pcr5 pcr5 7 pcr5 6 pcr5 5 pcr5 4 pcr5 3 pcr5 2 pcr5 1 pcr5 0 h'ffe9 pcr6 pcr6 7 pcr6 6 pcr6 5 pcr6 4 pcr6 3 pcr6 2 pcr6 1 pcr6 0 h'ffea pcr7 pcr7 7 pcr7 6 pcr7 5 pcr7 4 pcr7 3 pcr7 2 pcr7 1 pcr7 0 h'ffeb pcr8 pcr8 7 pcr8 6 pcr8 5 pcr8 4 pcr8 3 pcr8 2 pcr8 1 pcr8 0 h'ffec pcr9 pcr9 4 pcr9 3 pcr9 2 pcr9 1 pcr9 0 360
register bit names module address name bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 name h'ffed pucr1 pucr1 7 pucr1 6 pucr1 5 pucr1 4 pucr1 3 pucr1 2 pucr1 1 pucr1 0 i/o ports h'ffee pucr3 pucr3 5 pucr3 4 pucr3 3 pucr3 2 pucr3 1 pucr3 0 h'ffef pucr5 pucr5 7 pucr5 6 pucr5 5 pucr5 4 pucr5 3 pucr5 2 pucr5 1 pucr5 0 h'fff0 syscr1 ssby sts2 sts1 sts0 lson ma1 ma0 system h'fff1 syscr2 nesel dton mson sa1 sa0 control h'fff2 iegr1 ieg3 ieg2 ieg1 ieg0 h'fff3 iegr2 integ7 integ6 integ5 integ4 integ3 integ2 integ1 integ0 h'fff4 ienr1 ientb1 ienta ien3 ien2 ien1 ien0 h'fff5 ienr2 iendt ienad iensi h'fff6 ienr3 inten7 inten6 inten5 inten4 inten3 inten2 inten1 inten0 h'fff7 irr1 irrtb1 irrta irri3 irri2 irri1 irri0 h'fff8 irr2 irrdt irrad irrs1 h'fff9 irr3 intf7 intf6 intf5 intf4 intf3 intf2 intf1 intf0 h'fffa h'fffb h'fffc pmr1 irq3 irq2 irq1 pwm tmow i/o ports h'fffd pmr3 ?o1si1 sck1 h'fffe h'ffff pmr7 ?xd pof1 i/o ports 361
b.2 functions tmc?imer mode register c h'b4 timer c register name address to which the register is mapped name of on-chip supporting module register acronym bit numbers initial bit values names of the bits. dashes (? indicate reserved bits. full name of bit descriptions of bit settings read only write only read and write r w r/w possible types of access bit initial value read/write 7 tmc7 0 r/w 6 tmc6 0 r/w 5 tmc5 0 r/w 3 1 0 tmc0 0 r/w 2 tmc2 0 r/w 1 tmc1 0 r/w 4 1 clock select 0 internal clock: internal clock: 0 0 1 internal clock: internal clock: 10 1 1 00 1 10 1 internal clock: internal clock: internal clock: external event (tmic): ?8192 ?2048 ?512 ?64 ?16 ?4 ? /4 rising or falling edge w counter up/down control tcc is an up-counter tcc is a down-counter 0 0 1 tcc up/down control is determined by input at pin ud. tcc is a down-counter if the ud input is high, and an up-counter if the ud input is low. 1 * auto-reload function select interval timer function selected note: * don't care auto-reload function selected 0 1 362
tier?imer interrupt enable register h'f770 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 iciae 0 r/w 6 icibe 0 r/w 5 icice 0 r/w 4 icide 0 r/w 3 ociae 0 r/w 0 1 2 ocibe 0 r/w 1 ovie 0 r/w timer overflow interrupt enable 0 interrupt request (fovi) by ovf is disabled interrupt request (fovi) by ovf is enabled 1 output compare interrupt b enable 0 interrupt request (ocib) by ocfb is disabled interrupt request (ocib) by ocfb is enabled 1 output compare interrupt a enable 0 interrupt request (ocia) by ocfa is disabled interrupt request (ocia) by ocfa is enabled 1 input capture interrupt d enable 0 interrupt request (icid) by icfd is disabled interrupt request (icid) by icfd is enabled 1 input capture interrupt c enable 0 interrupt request (icic) by icfc is disabled interrupt request (icic) by icfc is enabled 1 input capture interrupt b enable 0 interrupt request (icib) by icfb is disabled interrupt request (icib) by icfb is enabled 1 input capture interrupt a enable 0 interrupt request (icia) by icfa is disabled interrupt request (icia) by icfa is enabled 1 363
tcsrx?imer control/status register x h'f771 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 icfa 0 r/(w) 6 icfb 0 r/(w) 5 icfc 0 r/(w) 4 icfd 0 r/(w) 3 ocfa 0 r/(w) 0 cclra 0 r/w 2 ocfb 0 r/(w) 1 ovf 0 r/(w) ******* 0 [clearing condition] after reading ovf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ovf timer overflow 1 [setting condition] set when the frc value goes from h'ffff to h'0000 0 frc is not cleared by compare match a counter clear a 1 frc is cleared by compare match a 0 [clearing condition] after reading ocfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ocfb output compare flag b 1 [setting condition] set when frc matches ocrb 0 [clearing condition] after reading ocfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ocfa output compare flag a 1 [setting condition] set when frc matches ocra 0 [clearing condition] after reading icfd = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfd input capture flag d 1 [setting condition] set by input capture signal 0 [clearing condition] after reading icfc = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfc input capture flag c 1 [setting condition] set by input capture signal 0 [clearing condition] after reading icfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfb input capture flag b 1 [setting condition] when the value of frc is transferred to icrb by the input capture signal 0 [clearing condition] after reading icfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to icfa input capture flag a 1 [setting condition] when the value of frc is transferred to icra by the input capture signal note: * only 0 can be written, to clear the flag. 364
frch?ree-running counter h h'f772 timer x frcl?ree-running counter l h'f773 timer x ocrah?utput compare register ah h'f774 timer x ocrbh?utput compare register bh h'f774 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 ocrbh7 1 r/w 6 ocrbh6 1 r/w 5 ocrbh5 1 r/w 4 ocrbh4 1 r/w 3 ocrbh3 1 r/w 0 ocrbh0 1 r/w 2 ocrbh2 1 r/w 1 ocrbh1 1 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 ocrah7 1 r/w 6 ocrah6 1 r/w 5 ocrah5 1 r/w 4 ocrah4 1 r/w 3 ocrah3 1 r/w 0 ocrah0 1 r/w 2 ocrah2 1 r/w 1 ocrah1 1 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 frcl7 0 r/w 6 frcl6 0 r/w 5 frcl5 0 r/w 4 frcl4 0 r/w 3 frcl3 0 r/w 0 frcl0 0 r/w 2 frcl2 0 r/w 1 frcl1 0 r/w count value bit initial value read/write 7 frch7 0 r/w 6 frch6 0 r/w 5 frch5 0 r/w 4 frch4 0 r/w 3 frch3 0 r/w 0 frch0 0 r/w 2 frch2 0 r/w 1 frch1 0 r/w count value 365
ocral?utput compare register al h'f775 timer x ocrbl?utput compare register bl h'f775 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 ocrbl7 1 r/w 6 ocrbl6 1 r/w 5 ocrbl5 1 r/w 4 ocrbl4 1 r/w 3 ocrbl3 1 r/w 0 ocrbl0 1 r/w 2 ocrbl2 1 r/w 1 ocrbl1 1 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 ocral7 1 r/w 6 ocral6 1 r/w 5 ocral5 1 r/w 4 ocral4 1 r/w 3 ocral3 1 r/w 0 ocral0 1 r/w 2 ocral2 1 r/w 1 ocral1 1 r/w 366
tcrx?imer control register x h'f776 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 iedga 0 r/w 6 iedgb 0 r/w 5 iedgc 0 r/w 4 iedgd 0 r/w 3 bufea 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 bufeb 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w clock select 0 1 internal clock: ?2 internal clock: ?8 internal clock: ?32 external clock: rising edge 0 1 0 1 buffer enable b 0 icrd is not used as a buffer register for icrb icrd is used as a buffer register for ocrb 1 buffer enable a 0 icrc is not used as a buffer register for icra icrc is used as a buffer register for ocra 1 input edge select d 0 falling edge of input d is captured rising edge of input d is captured 1 input edge select c 0 falling edge of input c is captured rising edge of input c is captured 1 input edge select b 0 falling edge of input b is captured rising edge of input b is captured 1 input edge select a 0 falling edge of input a is captured rising edge of input a is captured 1 367
tocr?imer output compare control register h'f777 timer x bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 ocrs 0 r/w 3 oea 0 r/w 0 olvlb 0 r/w 2 oeb 0 r/w 1 olvla 0 r/w output level b 0 low level high level 1 output level a 0 low level high level 1 output enable b 0 output compare b output is disabled output compare b output is enabled 1 output enable a 0 output compare a output is disabled output compare a output is enabled 1 output compare register select 0 ocra is selected ocrb is selected 1 368
icrah?nput capture register ah h'f778 timer x icral?nput capture register al h'f779 timer x icrbh?nput capture register bh h'f77a timer x icrbl?nput capture register bl h'f77b timer x bit initial value read/write 7 icrbl7 0 r 6 icrbl6 0 r 5 icrbl5 0 r 4 icrbl4 0 r 3 icrbl3 0 r 0 icrbl0 0 r 2 icrbl2 0 r 1 icrbl1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icrbh7 0 r 6 icrbh6 0 r 5 icrbh5 0 r 4 icrbh4 0 r 3 icrbh3 0 r 0 icrbh0 0 r 2 icrbh2 0 r 1 icrbh1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icral7 0 r 6 icral6 0 r 5 icral5 0 r 4 icral4 0 r 3 icral3 0 r 0 icral0 0 r 2 icral2 0 r 1 icral1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icrah7 0 r 6 icrah6 0 r 5 icrah5 0 r 4 icrah4 0 r 3 icrah3 0 r 0 icrah0 0 r 2 icrah2 0 r 1 icrah1 0 r 369
icrch?nput capture register ch h'f77c timer x icrcl?nput capture register cl h'f77d timer x icrdh?nput capture register dh h'f77e timer x icrdl?nput capture register dl h'f77f timer x bit initial value read/write 7 icrdl7 0 r 6 icrdl6 0 r 5 icrdl5 0 r 4 icrdl4 0 r 3 icrdl3 0 r 0 icrdl0 0 r 2 icrdl2 0 r 1 icrdl1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icrdh7 0 r 6 icrdh6 0 r 5 icrdh5 0 r 4 icrdh4 0 r 3 icrdh3 0 r 0 icrdh0 0 r 2 icrdh2 0 r 1 icrdh1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icrcl7 0 r 6 icrcl6 0 r 5 icrcl5 0 r 4 icrcl4 0 r 3 icrcl3 0 r 0 icrcl0 0 r 2 icrcl2 0 r 1 icrcl1 0 r bit initial value read/write 7 icrch7 0 r 6 icrch6 0 r 5 icrch5 0 r 4 icrch4 0 r 3 icrch3 0 r 0 icrch0 0 r 2 icrch2 0 r 1 icrch1 0 r 370
scr1?erial control register 1 h'ffa0 sci1 bit initial value read/write 7 snc1 0 r/w 6 snc0 0 r/w 5 mrkon 0 r/w 4 ltch 0 r/w 3 cks3 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w operation mode select 1, 0 clock source select 0 clock source is prescaler s, and pin sck is output pin 1 clock source is external clock, and pin sck is input pin * note: * input an external clock equivalent to a frequency lower than ?4. latch tail select 0 hold tail is output 1 latch tail is output tail mark control 0 tail mark is not output (synchronous mode) 1 tail mark is output (ssb mode) 0 8-bit mode 16-bit mode 1 0 1 0 1 continuous clock output mode reserved clock select (cks2 to cks0) bit 2 cks2 cks1 cks0 bit 1 bit 0 0 ?1024 ?256 1 1 0 ?64 ?32 1 ?16 100 1 ?8 00 ?4 10 1 ?2 ?= 5 mhz 204.8 s 51.2 s 12.8 s 6.4 s 3.2 s 1.6 s 0.8 s ?= 2.5 mhz 409.6 s 102.4 s 25.6 s 12.8 s 6.4 s 3.2 s 1.6 s 0.8 s synchronous serial clock cycle 1 1 prescaler division 371
scsr1?erial control/status register h'ffa1 sci1 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 sol 0 r/w 5 orer 0 r/(w) 4 1 3 1 0 stf 0 r/w 2 1 1 mtrf 0 r extended data bit overrun error flag * start flag 0 indicates that transfer is stopped invalid 1 read write read write indicates transfer in progress starts a transfer operation note: only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. * 0 [clearing condition] after reading 1, cleared by writing 0 1 [setting condition] set if a clock pulse is input after transfer is complete, when an external clock is used 0so 1 pin output level is low so 1 pin output level changes to low so 1 pin output level is high so 1 pin output level changes to high 1 read write read write tail mark transmit flag 0 idle state and 8- or -16-bit data transfer in progress 1 tail mark transmission in progress 372
sdru?erial data register u h'ffa2 sci1 sdrl?erial data register l h'ffa3 sci1 bit initial value read/write 7 sdrl7 not fixed r/w 6 sdrl6 not fixed r/w 5 sdrl5 not fixed r/w 4 sdrl4 not fixed r/w 3 sdrl3 not fixed r/w 0 sdrl0 not fixed r/w 2 sdrl2 not fixed r/w 1 sdrl1 not fixed r/w stores transmit and receive data 8-bit transfer mode: 16-bit transfer mode: 8-bit data lower 8 bits of data bit initial value read/write 7 sdru7 not fixed r/w 6 sdru6 not fixed r/w 5 sdru5 not fixed r/w 4 sdru4 not fixed r/w 3 sdru3 not fixed r/w 0 sdru0 not fixed r/w 2 sdru2 not fixed r/w 1 sdru1 not fixed r/w stores transmit and receive data 8-bit transfer mode: 16-bit transfer mode: not used upper 8 bits of data 373
smr?erial mode register h'ffa8 sci3 bit initial value read/write 7 com 0 r/w 6 chr 0 r/w 5 pe 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 mp 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w 4 pm 0 r/w clock select 0 0 01 1 1 1 ?clock ?4 clock 0 ?16 clock ?64 clock multiprocessor mode 0 multiprocessor communication function disabled 1 multiprocessor communication function enabled stop bit length 0 1 stop bit 1 2 stop bits parity mode 0 even parity 1 odd parity parity enable 0 parity bit addition and checking disabled 1 parity bit addition and checking enabled character length 0 8-bit data 1 7-bit data communication mode 0 asynchronous mode 1 synchronous mode 3 stop 0 r/w 374
brr?it rate register h'ffa9 sci3 bit initial value read/write 7 brr7 1 r/w 6 brr6 1 r/w 5 brr5 1 r/w 4 brr4 1 r/w 3 brr3 1 r/w 0 brr0 1 r/w 2 brr2 1 r/w 1 brr1 1 r/w 375
scr3?erial control register 3 h'ffaa sci3 bit initial value read/write 7 tie 0 r/w 6 rie 0 r/w 5 te 0 r/w 0 cke0 0 r/w 2 teie 0 r/w 1 cke1 0 r/w 4 re 0 r/w receive interrupt enable 0 receive data full interrupt request (rxi) and receive error interrupt request (eri) disabled 1 receive data full interrupt request (rxi) and receive error interrupt request (eri) enabled multiprocessor interrupt enable 0 multiprocessor interrupt request disabled (normal receive operation) [clearing conditions] when data is received in which the multiprocessor bit is set to 1 1 multiprocessor interrupt request enabled the receive interrupt request (rxi), receive error interrupt request (eri), and setting of the rdrf, fer, and oer flags in the serial status register (ssr), are disabled until data with the multiprocessor bit set to 1 is received. transmit enable 0 transmit operation disabled (txd pin is transmit data pin) 1 transmit operation enabled (txd pin is transmit data pin) receive enable 0 receive operation disabled (rxd pin is i/o port) 1 receive operation enabled (rxd pin is receive data pin) transmit end interrupt enable clock enable 0 bit 1 cke1 0 0 1 1 bit 0 cke0 0 1 0 1 communication mode asynchronous synchronous asynchronous synchronous asynchronous synchronous asynchronous synchronous internal clock internal clock internal clock reserved (do not specify this combination) external clock external clock reserved (do not specify this combination) reserved (do not specify this combination) i/o port serial clock output clock output clock input serial clock input clock source sck pin function description transmit end interrupt request (tei) disabled 1 transmit end interrupt request (tei) enabled transmit interrupt enable 0 transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) disabled 1 transmit data empty interrupt request (txi) enabled 3 mpie 0 r/w 3 376
tdr?ransmit data register h'ffab sci3 bit initial value read/write 7 tdr7 1 r/w 6 tdr6 1 r/w 5 tdr5 1 r/w 4 tdr4 1 r/w 3 tdr3 1 r/w 0 tdr0 1 r/w 2 tdr2 1 r/w 1 tdr1 1 r/w data for transfer to tsr 377
ssr?erial status register h'ffac sci3 bit initial value read/write note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. 7 tdre 1 r/(w) 6 rdrf 0 r/(w) 5 oer 0 r/(w) 0 mpbt 0 r/w 2 tend 1 r 1 mpbr 0 r 4 fer 0 r/(w) receive data register full 0 there is no receive data in rdr [clearing conditions] ? after reading rdrf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to rdrf ? when rdr data is read by an instruction 1 there is receive data in rdr [setting conditions] when reception ends normally and receive data is transferred from rsr to rdr transmit data register empty 0 transmit data written in tdr has not been transferred to tsr [clearing conditions] ? after reading tdre = 1, cleared by writing 0 to tdre ? when data is written to tdr by an instruction 1 transmit data has not been written to tdr, or transmit data written in tdr has been transferred to tsr [setting conditions] ? when bit te in serial control register 3 (scr3) is cleared to 0 ? when data is transferred from tdr to tsr transmit end 0 transmission in progress [clearing conditions] 1 transmission ended [setting conditions] parity error 0 reception in progress or completed normally [clearing conditions] after reading per = 1, cleared by writing 0 to per 1 a parity error has occurred during reception [setting conditions] framing error 0 reception in progress or completed normally [clearing conditions] after reading fer = 1, cleared by writing 0 to fer 1 a framing error has occurred during reception [setting conditions] when the stop bit at the end of the receive data is checked for a value of 1 at completion of reception, and the stop bit is 0 overrun error 0 reception in progress or completed [clearing conditions] after reading oer = 1, cleared by writing 0 to oer 1 an overrun error has occurred during reception [setting conditions] when the next serial reception is completed with rdrf set to 1 multiprocessor bit receive multiprocessor bit transfer 0 data in which the multiprocessor bit is 0 has been received 1 data in which the multiprocessor bit is 1 has been received 0 a 0 multiprocessor bit is transmitted 1 a 1 multiprocessor bit is transmitted 3 per 0 r/(w) ***** ? after reading tdre = 1, cleared by writing 0 to tdre ? when data is written to tdr by an instruction ? when bit te in serial control register 3 (scr3) is cleared to 0 ? when bit tdre is set to 1 when the last bit of a transmit character is sent when the number of 1 bits in the receive data plus parity bit does not match the parity designated by the parity mode bit (pm) in the serial mode register (smr) 378
rdr?eceive data register h'ffad sci3 tma?imer mode register a h'ffb0 timer a bit initial value read/write 7 tma7 0 r/w 6 tma6 0 r/w 5 tma5 0 r/w 0 tma0 0 r/w 2 tma2 0 r/w 1 tma1 0 r/w internal clock select tma3 tma2 0 pss pss pss pss 0 4 1 clock output select 0 ?32 ?16 tma1 0 1 tma0 0 0 1 1 pss pss pss pss 10 1 0 0 1 1 1 psw psw psw psw 00 1 0 0 1 1 psw and tca are reset 10 1 0 0 1 1 prescaler and divider ratio or overflow period ?8192 ?4096 ?2048 ?512 ?256 ?128 ?32 ?8 1 s 0.5 s 0.25 s 0.03125 s interval timer time base function 0 0 1 ?8 ?4 10 1 1 00 1 10 1 ? /32 w ? /16 w ? /8 w ? /4 w 3 tma3 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 rdr7 0 r 6 rdr6 0 r 5 rdr5 0 r 4 rdr4 0 r 3 rdr3 0 r 0 rdr0 0 r 2 rdr2 0 r 1 rdr1 0 r 379
tca?imer counter a h'ffb1 timer a tmb1?imer mode register b1 h'ffb2 timer b1 bit initial value read/write 7 tmb17 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 3 1 0 tmb10 0 r/w 2 tmb12 0 r/w 1 tmb11 0 r/w 4 1 auto-reload function select clock select 0 internal clock: internal clock: 0 0 1 internal clock: internal clock: 10 1 1 00 1 10 1 internal clock: internal clock: internal clock: external event (tmib): ?8192 ?2048 ?512 ?256 ?64 ?16 ?4 rising or falling edge 0 interval timer function selected 1 auto-reload function selected bit initial value read/write 7 tca7 0 r 6 tca6 0 r 5 tca5 0 r 4 tca4 0 r 3 tca3 0 r 0 tca0 0 r 2 tca2 0 r 1 tca1 0 r count value 380
tcb1?imer counter b1 h'ffb3 timer b1 tlb1?imer load register b1 h'ffb3 timer b1 bit initial value read/write 7 tlb17 0 w 6 tlb16 0 w 5 tlb15 0 w 4 tlb14 0 w 3 tlb13 0 w 0 tlb10 0 w 2 tlb12 0 w 1 tlb11 0 w reload value bit initial value read/write 7 tcb17 0 r 6 tcb16 0 r 5 tcb15 0 r 4 tcb14 0 r 3 tcb13 0 r 0 tcb10 0 r 2 tcb12 0 r 1 tcb11 0 r count value 381
tcrv0?imer control register v0 h'ffb8 timer v bit initial value read/write 7 cmieb 0 r/w 6 cmiea 0 r/w 5 ovie 0 r/w 4 cclr1 0 r/w 3 cclr0 0 r/w 0 cks0 0 r/w 2 cks2 0 r/w 1 cks1 0 r/w tcrv0 description clock select bit 2 cks2 0 1 clock input disabled internal clock: ?4, falling edge internal clock: ?8, falling edge internal clock: ?16, falling edge internal clock: ?32, falling edge internal clock: ?64, falling edge internal clock: ?128, falling edge clock input disabled external clock: rising edge external clock: falling edge external clock: rising and falling edges tcrv1 bit 1 cks1 0 1 0 1 bit 0 cks0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 bit 0 icks0 0 1 0 1 0 1 counter clear 1 and 0 0 clearing is disabled cleared by compare match a cleared by compare match b cleared by rising edge of external reset input 1 timer overflow interrupt enable 0 interrupt request (ovi) from ovf disabled interrupt request (ovi) from ovf enabled 1 compare match interrupt enable a 0 interrupt request (cmia) from cmfa disabled interrupt request (cmia) from cmfa enabled 1 compare match interrupt enable b 0 interrupt request (cmib) from cmfb disabled interrupt request (cmib) from cmfb enabled 1 382
tcsrv?imer control/status register v h'ffb9 timer v bit initial value read/write 7 cmfb 0 r/(w) 6 cmfa 0 r/(w) 5 ovf 0 r/(w) 4 1 3 os3 0 r/w 0 os0 0 r/w 2 os2 0 r/w 1 os1 0 r/w output select 0 no change at compare match a 0 output at compare match a 1 output at compare match a output toggles at compare match a 1 0 1 0 1 output select 0 no change at compare match b 0 output at compare match b 1 output at compare match b output toggles at compare match b 1 0 1 0 1 timer overflow flag 0 [clearing condition] after reading ovf = 1, cleared by writing 0 to ovf 1 [setting condition] set when tcntv overflows from h'ff to h'00 compare match flag a 0 [clearing condition] after reading cmfa = 1, cleared by writing 0 to cmfa 1 [setting condition] set when the tcntv value matches the tcora value compare match flag b 0 [clearing condition] after reading cmfb = 1, cleared by writing 0 to cmfb 1 [setting condition] set when the tcntv value matches the tcorb value note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. *** 383
tcora?ime constant register a h'ffba timer v tcorb?ime constant register b h'ffbb timer v tcntv?imer counter v h'ffbc timer v bit initial value read/write 7 tcntv7 0 r/w 6 tcntv6 0 r/w 5 tcntv5 0 r/w 4 tcntv4 0 r/w 3 tcntv3 0 r/w 0 tcntv0 0 r/w 2 tcntv2 0 r/w 1 tcntv1 0 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 tcorb7 1 r/w 6 tcorb6 1 r/w 5 tcorb5 1 r/w 4 tcorb4 1 r/w 3 tcorb3 1 r/w 0 tcorb0 1 r/w 2 tcorb2 1 r/w 1 tcorb1 1 r/w bit initial value read/write 7 tcora7 1 r/w 6 tcora6 1 r/w 5 tcora5 1 r/w 4 tcora4 1 r/w 3 tcora3 1 r/w 0 tcora0 1 r/w 2 tcora2 1 r/w 1 tcora1 1 r/w 384
tcrv1?imer control register v1 h'ffbd timer v bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 tveg1 0 r/w 3 tveg0 0 r/w 0 icks0 0 r/w 2 trge 0 r/w 1 1 trgv input enable 0 tcntv counting is not triggered by input at the trgv pin, and does not stop when tcntv is cleared by compare match 1 tcntv counting is triggered by input at the trgv pin, and stops when tcntv is cleared by compare match internal clock select selects the tcntv clock source, with bits cks2 to cks0 in tcrv0 trgv input edge select 0 trgv trigger input is disabled rising edge is selected falling edge is selected rising and falling edges are both selected 1 0 1 0 1 385
tcsrw?imer control/status register w h'ffbe watchdog timer bit initial value read/write 7 b6wi 1 r 6 tcwe 0 r/(w) 5 b4wi 1 r 4 tcsrwe 0 r/(w) 3 b2wi 1 r 0 wrst 0 r/(w) 2 wdon 0 r/(w) 1 b0wi 1 r ** * * watchdog timer reset 0 [clearing conditions] 1 [setting condition] when tcw overflows and a reset signal is generated ? reset by res pin ? when tcsrwe = 1, and 0 is written in both b0wi and wrst bit 0 write inhibit 0 bit 0 is write-enabled bit 0 is write-protected 1 watchdog timer on 0 watchdog timer operation is disabled watchdog timer operation is enabled 1 bit 2 write inhibit 0 bit 2 is write-enabled bit 2 is write-protected 1 timer control/status register w write enable 0 data cannot be written to tcsrw bits 2 and 0 data can be written to tcsrw bits 2 and 0 1 bit 4 write inhibit 0 bit 4 is write-enabled bit 4 is write-protected 1 timer counter w write enable 0 data cannot be written to tcw bit 8 data can be written to tcw bit 8 1 bit 6 write inhibit 0 bit 6 is write-enabled bit 6 is write-protected 1 note: * write is permitted only under certain conditions. 386
tcw?imer counter w h'ffbf watchdog timer bit initial value read/write 7 tcw7 0 r/w 6 tcw6 0 r/w 5 tcw5 0 r/w 4 tcw4 0 r/w 3 tcw3 0 r/w 0 tcw0 0 r/w 2 tcw2 0 r/w 1 tcw1 0 r/w count value 387
amr?/d mode register h'ffc4 a/d converter bit initial value read/write 7 cks 0 r/w 6 trge 0 r/w 4 1 3 ch3 0 r/w 0 ch0 0 r/w 2 ch2 0 r/w 1 ch1 0 r/w channel select no channel selected bit 3 0 bit 2 analog input channel ch3 ch2 0 ch1 ch0 bit 1 bit 0 0an 1 1 0 1 1 1 00 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 external trigger select 0 disables start of a/d conversion by external trigger 1 enables start of a/d conversion by rising or falling edge of external trigger at pin adtrg 5 1 4 an 5 an 6 an 7 reserved reserved reserved reserved * don? care ** 100 1 10 1 an 0 an 1 an 2 an 3 clock select 62/ bit 7 0 conversion period cks 31/ 1 31 s ?= 2 mhz 15.5 s 12.4 s ?= 5 mhz * conversion time note: 1 * operation is not guaranteed with a conversion time of less than 12.4 s. select a setting that gives a conversion time of 12.4 s or more. 388
adrr?/d result register h'ffc5 a/d converter adsr?/d start register h'ffc6 a/d converter bit initial value read/write 7 adsf 0 r/w 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 a/d status flag 0 1 read write read write indicates completion of a/d conversion stops a/d conversion indicates a/d conversion in progress starts a/d conversion bit initial value read/write 7 adr7 not fixed r 6 adr6 not fixed r 5 adr5 not fixed r 4 adr4 not fixed r 3 adr3 not fixed r 0 adr0 not fixed r 2 adr2 not fixed r 1 adr1 not fixed r a/d conversion result 389
pwcr?wm control register h'ffd0 14-bit pwm pwdru?wm data register u h'ffd1 14-bit pwm pwdrl?wm data register l h'ffd2 14-bit pwm bit initial value read/write 7 0 w 6 0 w 5 0 w 4 0 w 3 0 w 0 0 w 2 0 w 1 0 w lower 8 bits of data for generating pwm waveform pwdrl5 pwdrl4 pwdrl3 pwdrl0 pwdrl2 pwdrl1 pwdrl6 pwdrl7 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 0 w 4 0 w 3 0 w 0 0 w 2 0 w 1 0 w upper 6 bits of data for generating pwm waveform pwdru5 pwdru4 pwdru3 pwdru0 pwdru2 pwdur1 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 pwcr0 0 w 2 1 1 1 clock select 0 the input clock is ?2 (t? = 2/?. the conversion period is 16,384/? with a minimum modulation width of 1/? 1 the input clock is ?4 (t? = 4/?. the conversion period is 32,768/? with a minimum modulation width of 2/? * * note: t? period of pwm input clock * 390
pdr1?ort data register 1 h'ffd4 i/o ports pdr2?ort data register 2 h'ffd5 i/o ports pdr3?ort data register 3 h'ffd6 i/o ports pdr5?ort data register 5 h'ffd8 i/o ports pdr6?ort data register 6 h'ffd9 i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 p6 0 r/w 6 p6 0 r/w 5 p6 0 r/w 4 p6 0 r/w 3 p6 0 r/w 0 p6 0 r/w 2 p6 0 r/w 1 p6 0 r/w 30 21 4 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 p5 0 r/w 6 p5 0 r/w 5 p5 0 r/w 4 p5 0 r/w 3 p5 0 r/w 0 p5 0 r/w 2 p5 0 r/w 1 p5 0 r/w 30 21 4 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 p3 0 r/w 4 p3 0 r/w 3 p3 0 r/w 0 p3 0 r/w 2 p3 0 r/w 1 p3 0 r/w 0 2 3 4 51 bit initial value read/write 7 p2 0 r/w 6 p2 0 r/w 5 p2 0 r/w 4 p2 0 r/w 3 p2 0 r/w 0 p2 0 r/w 2 p2 0 r/w 1 p2 0 r/w 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 bit initial value read/write 7 p1 0 r/w 6 p1 0 r/w 5 p1 0 r/w 4 p1 0 r/w 3 p1 0 r/w 0 p1 0 r/w 2 p1 0 r/w 1 p1 0 r/w 7654 0 1 2 3 391
pdr7?ort data register 7 h'ffda i/o ports pdr8?ort data register 8 h'ffdb i/o ports pdr9?ort data register 9 h'ffdc i/o ports pdrb?ort data register b h'ffdd i/o ports pcr1?ort control register 1 h'ffe4 i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 pcr1 0 w 6 pcr1 0 w 5 pcr1 0 w 4 pcr1 0 w 3 pcr1 0 w 0 pcr1 0 w 2 pcr1 0 w 1 pcr1 0 w port 1 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 7654 3210 bit initial value read/write 7 pb r 6 pb r 5 pb r 4 pb r 3 pb r 0 pb r 2 pb r 1 pb r 30 21 4 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 ? 0 5 ? 0 4 p9 0 r/w 3 p9 0 r/w 0 p9 0 r/w 2 p9 0 r/w 1 p9 0 r/w 30 21 4 bit initial value read/write 7 p8 0 r/w 6 p8 0 r/w 5 p8 0 r/w 4 p8 0 r/w 3 p8 0 r/w 0 p8 0 r/w 2 p8 0 r/w 1 p8 0 r/w 30 21 4 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 p7 0 r/w 6 p7 0 r/w 5 p7 0 r/w 4 p7 0 r/w 3 p7 0 r/w 0 p7 0 r/w 2 p7 0 r/w 1 p7 0 r/w 3 210 4 5 6 7 392
pcr2?ort control register 2 h'ffe5 i/o ports pcr3?ort control register 3 h'ffe6 i/o ports pcr5?ort control register 5 h'ffe8 i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 pcr5 0 w 6 pcr5 0 w 5 pcr5 0 w 4 pcr5 0 w 3 pcr5 0 w 0 pcr5 0 w 2 pcr5 0 w 1 pcr5 0 w port 5 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 76543 0 21 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 pcr3 0 w 4 pcr3 0 w 3 pcr3 0 w 0 pcr3 0 w 2 pcr3 0 w 1 pcr3 0 w 0 2 3 4 51 bit initial value read/write 7 pcr2 0 w 6 pcr2 0 w 5 pcr2 0 w 4 pcr2 0 w 3 pcr2 0 w 0 pcr2 0 w 2 pcr2 0 w 1 pcr2 0 w port 2 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 393
pcr6?ort control register 6 h'ffe9 i/o ports pcr7?ort control register 7 h'ffea i/o ports pcr8?ort control register 8 h'ffeb i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 pcr8 0 w 6 pcr8 0 w 5 pcr8 0 w 4 pcr8 0 w 3 pcr8 0 w 0 pcr8 0 w 2 pcr8 0 w 1 pcr8 0 w port 8 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 76543 0 21 bit initial value read/write 7 pcr7 0 w 6 pcr7 0 w 5 pcr7 0 w 4 pcr7 0 w 3 pcr7 0 w 0 pcr7 0 w 2 pcr7 0 w 1 pcr7 0 w port 7 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 76543 210 bit initial value read/write 7 pcr6 0 w 6 pcr6 0 w 5 pcr6 0 w 4 pcr6 0 w 3 pcr6 0 w 0 pcr6 0 w 2 pcr6 0 w 1 pcr6 0 w port 6 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 76543 0 21 394
pcr9?ort control register 9 h'ffec i/o ports pucr1?ort pull-up control register 1 h'ffed i/o ports pucr3?ort pull-up control register 3 h'ffee i/o ports pucr5?ort pull-up control register 5 h'ffef i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 pucr5 0 r/w 6 pucr5 0 r/w 5 pucr5 0 r/w 4 pucr5 0 r/w 3 pucr5 0 r/w 0 pucr5 0 r/w 2 pucr5 0 r/w 1 pucr5 0 r/w 30 21 4 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 5 pucr3 0 r/w 4 pucr3 0 r/w 3 pucr3 0 r/w 0 pucr3 0 r/w 2 pucr3 0 r/w 1 pucr3 0 r/w 0 2 3 4 51 bit initial value read/write 7 pucr1 0 r/w 6 pucr1 0 r/w 5 pucr1 0 r/w 4 pucr1 0 r/w 3 pucr1 0 r/w 0 pucr1 0 r/w 2 pucr1 0 r/w 1 pucr1 0 r/w 0 4321 5 6 7 bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 0 4 pcr9 0 w 3 pcr9 0 w 0 pcr9 0 w 2 pcr9 0 w 1 pcr9 0 w port 9 input/output select 0 input pin 1 output pin 0 2 3 41 395
syscr1?ystem control register 1 h'fff0 system control bit initial value read/write 7 ssby 0 r/w 6 sts2 0 r/w 5 sts1 0 r/w 3 lson 0 r/w 0 ma0 1 r/w 2 1 1 ma1 1 r/w 4 sts0 0 r/w software standby 0 when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to sleep mode 1 standby timer select 0 wait time = 8,192 states wait time = 16,384 states 0 0 1 wait time = 32,768 states wait time = 65,536 states 10 1 active (medium-speed) mode clock select ? /16 ? /32 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 ? /64 ? /128 1 * wait time = 131,072 states low speed on flag 0 the cpu operates on the system clock (? 1 the cpu operates on the subclock (? ) sub * ? when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to subsleep mode ? when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to standby mode or watch mode ? when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to watch mode note: don? care * osc osc osc osc 396
syscr2?ystem control register 2 h'fff1 system control bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 3 dton 0 r/w 0 sa0 0 r/w 2 mson 0 r/w 1 sa1 0 r/w 4 nesel 0 r/w subactive mode clock select 0 /8 ? /4 0 1 1 /2 * w w w direct transfer on flag 0 when a sleep instruction is executed in active mode, a transition is made to standby mode, watch mode, or sleep mode 1 ? when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a transition is made to watch mode or subsleep mode ? when a sleep instruction is executed in active (high-speed) mode, a direct transition is made to active (medium-speed) mode if ssby = 0, mson = 1, and lson = 0, or to subactive mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, and lson = 1 ? when a sleep instruction is executed in active (medium-speed) mode, a direct transition is made to active (high-speed) mode if ssby = 0, mson = 0, and lson = 0, or to subactive mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, and lson = 1 ? when a sleep instruction is executed in subactive mode, a direct transition is made to active (high-speed) mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, lson = 0, and mson = 0, or to active (medium-speed) mode if ssby = 1, tma3 = 1, lson = 0, and mson = 1 medium speed on flag 0 operates in active (high-speed) mode after exit from standby, watch, or sleep mode ? operates in sleep (high-speed) mode if a sleep instruction is executed in active mode 1 operates in active (medium-speed) mode after exit from standby, watch, or sleep mode ? operates in sleep (medium-speed) mode if a sleep instruction is executed in active mode noise elimination sampling frequency select 0 sampling rate is ? /16 1 sampling rate is ? /4 osc osc note: don? care * 397
iegr1?nterrupt edge select register 1 h'fff2 system control bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 1 4 1 3 ieg3 0 r/w 0 ieg0 0 r/w 2 ieg2 0 r/w 1 ieg1 0 r/w 5 1 irq 0 edge select 0 falling edge of irq 0 pin input is detected rising edge of irq 0 pin input is detected 1 irq 1 edge select 0 falling edge of irq 1 pin input is detected rising edge of irq 1 pin input is detected 1 irq 2 edge select 0 falling edge of irq 2 pin input is detected rising edge of irq 2 pin input is detected 1 irq 3 edge select 0 falling edge of irq 3 pin input is detected rising edge of irq 3 pin input is detected 1 398
iegr2?nterrupt edge select register 2 h'fff3 system control bit initial value read/write 7 integ7 0 r/w 6 integ6 0 r/w 4 integ4 0 r/w 3 integ3 0 r/w 0 integ0 0 r/w 2 integ2 0 r/w 1 integ1 0 r/w 5 integ5 0 r/w int 4 to int 0 edge select 0 falling edge of int n pin input is detected rising edge of int n pin input is detected 1 int 6 edge select 0 falling edge of int 6 and tmib pin input is detected rising edge of int 6 and tmib pin input is detected 1 int 7 edge select 0 falling edge of int 7 and tmiy pin input is detected rising edge of int 7 and tmiy pin input is detected 1 int 5 edge select 0 falling edge of int 5 and adtrg pin input is detected rising edge of int 5 and adtrg pin input is detected 1 (n = 4 to 0) (n = 5 to 0) 399
ienr1?nterrupt enable register 1 h'fff4 system control bit initial value read/write 7 ientb1 0 r/w 6 ienta 0 r/w 4 1 3 ien3 0 r/w 0 ien0 0 r/w 2 ien2 0 r/w 1 ien1 0 r/w 5 0 irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt enable 0 disables irq3 to irq 0 interrupt requests enables irq3 to irq 0 interrupt requests 1 timer a interrupt enable 0 disables timer a interrupt requests enables timer a interrupt requests 1 timer b1 interrupt enable 0 disables timer b1 interrupt requests enables timer b1 interrupt requests 1 400
ienr2?nterrupt enable register 2 h'fff5 system control ienr3?nterrupt enable register 3 h'fff6 system control bit initial value read/write 7 inten7 0 r/w 6 inten6 0 r/w 5 inten5 0 r/w 4 inten4 0 r/w 3 inten3 0 r/w 0 inten0 0 r/w 2 inten2 0 r/w 1 inten1 0 r/w int 7 to int 0 interrupt enable 0 disables int 7 to int 0 interrupt requests enables int 7 to int 0 interrupt requests 1 bit initial value read/write 7 iendt 0 r/w 6 ienad 0 r/w 4 iens1 0 r/w 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 5 0 sci1 interrupt enable 0 disables sci1 interrupt requests enables sci1 interrupt requests 1 a/d converter interrupt enable 0 disables a/d converter interrupt requests enables a/d converter interrupt requests 1 direct transfer interrupt enable 0 disables direct transfer interrupt requests enables direct transfer interrupt requests 1 401
irr1?nterrupt request register 1 h'fff7 system control bit initial value read/write 7 irrtb1 0 r/w 6 irrta 0 r/w 4 1 3 irri3 0 r/w 0 irri0 0 r/w 2 irri2 0 r/w 1 irri1 0 r/w 5 0 ** ** * * irq 3 to irq 0 interrupt request flag 0 [clearing condition] 1 [setting condition] when irrin = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 when pin irqn is set for interrupt input and the designated signal edge is input timer a interrupt request flag 0 [clearing condition] 1 [setting condition] when irrta = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 when timer counter a overflows from h'ff to h'00 timer b1 interrupt request flag 0 [clearing condition] 1 [setting condition] when irrtb1 = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 when timer counter b1 overflows from h'ff to h'00 note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. (n = 3 to 0) 402
irr2?nterrupt request register 2 h'fff8 system control bit initial value read/write 7 irrdt 0 r/w 6 irrad 0 r/w 5 0 4 irrs1 0 r/w 3 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 ** * 0 [clearing condition] when irrs1 = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 sci1 interrupt request flag 1 [setting condition] when an sci1 transfer is completed 0 [clearing condition] when irrad = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 a/d converter interrupt request flag 1 [setting condition] when a/d conversion is completed and adsf is cleared to 0 in adsr 0 [clearing condition] when irrdt = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 direct transfer interrupt request flag 1 [setting condition] a sleep instruction is executed when dton = 1 and a direct transfer is made note: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. 403
irr3?nterrupt request register 3 h'fff9 system control t tial value ead/write 7 intf7 0 r/w 6 intf6 0 r/w 5 intf5 0 r/w 4 intf4 0 r/w 3 intf3 0 r/w 0 intf0 0 r/w 2 intf2 0 r/w 1 intf1 0 r/w int 7 to int 0 interrupt request flag 0 [clearing condition] when intf n = 1, it is cleared by writing 0 1 [setting condition] when the designated signal edge is input at pin int n ote: * only a write of 0 for flag clearing is possible. *** ** ** (n = 7 to 0) 404
pmr1?ort mode register 1 h'fffc i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 irq3 0 r/w 6 irq2 0 r/w 4 pwm 0 r/w 3 0 0 tmow 0 r/w 2 1 1 0 5 irq1 0 r/w p1 0 /tmow pin function switch 0 functions as p1 0 i/o pin functions as tmow output pin 1 p1 4 /pwm pin function switch 0 functions as p1 4 i/o pin functions as pwm output pin 1 p1 5 /irq 1 pin function switch 0 functions as p1 5 i/o pin functions as irq 1 input pin 1 p1 6 /irq 2 pin function switch 0 functions as p1 6 i/o pin functions as irq 2 input pin 1 p1 7 /irq 3 /trgv pin function switch 0 functions as p1 7 i/o pin functions as irq 3 /trgv input pin 1 405
pmr3?ort mode register 3 h'fffd i/o ports pmr7?ort mode register 7 h'ffff i/o ports bit initial value read/write 7 1 6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 0 pof1 0 r/w 2 txd 0 r/w 1 0 p3 2 /so 1 pin pmos control 0 cmos output nmos open-drain output 1 p2 2 /txd pin function switch (txd) 0 functions as p2 2 i/o pin functions as txd output pin 1 bit initial value read/write 7 0 6 0 4 0 3 0 0 sck1 0 r/w 2 so1 0 r/w 1 si1 0 r/w 5 0 p3 0 /sck 1 pin function switch 0 functions as p3 0 i/o pin functions as sck 1 i/o pin 1 p3 2 /so 1 pin function switch 0 functions as p3 2 i/o pin functions as so 1 output pin 1 p3 1 /si 1 pin function switch 0 functions as p3 1 i/o pin functions as si 1 input pin 1 406
appendix c i/o port block diagrams c.1 block diagrams of port 1 figure c-1 (a) port 1 block diagram (pin p1 7 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 7 pmr1 7 pdr1 7 pcr1 7 irq 3 res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus trgv timer v module pdr1: pcr1: pmr1: pucr1: port data register 1 port control register 1 port mode register 1 port pull-up control register 1 p1 n 407
figure c-1 (b) port 1 block diagram (pin p1 6 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 6 pmr1 6 pdr1 6 pcr1 6 irq 2 res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr1: pcr1: pmr1: pucr1: port data register 1 port control register 1 port mode register 1 port pull-up control register 1 p1 n 408
figure c-1 (c) port 1 block diagram (pin p1 5 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 5 pmr1 5 pdr1 5 pcr1 5 irq 1 res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr1: pcr1: pmr1: pucr1: port data register 1 port control register 1 port mode register 1 port pull-up control register 1 p1 5 409
figure c-1 (d) port 1 block diagram (pin p1 4 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 4 pmr1 4 pdr1 4 pcr1 4 res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr1: pcr1: pmr1: pucr1: port data register 1 port control register 1 port mode register 1 port pull-up control register 1 pwm pwm module p1 4 410
figure c-1 (e) port 1 block diagram (pins p1 3 to p1 1 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 n pdr1 n pcr1 n res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr1: pcr1: pucr1: n= 3 to 1 port data register 1 port control register 1 port pull-up control register 1 p1 n 411
figure c-1 (f) port 1 block diagram (pin p1 0 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr1 0 pmr1 0 pdr1 0 pcr1 0 res sby internal data bus pdr1: pcr1: pmr1: pucr1: port data register 1 port control register 1 port mode register 1 port pull-up control register 1 tmow timer a module p1 0 (low level during reset and in standby mode) 412
413 c.2 block diagrams of port 2 figure c-2 (a) port 2 block diagram (pins p2 7 to p2 3 ) v cc v ss pdr2 n pcr2 n sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr2: pcr2: n= 7 to 3 port data register 2 port control register 2 p2 n
figure c-2 (b) port 2 block diagram (pin p2 2 ) v cc v ss pmr7 2 pcr2 2 pdr2 2 sby internal data bus pdr2: pcr2: pmr7: port data register 2 port control register 2 port mode register 7 txd sci3 module p2 2 414
figure c-2 (c) port 2 block diagram (pin p2 1 ) v cc v ss pcr2 1 pdr2 1 sby internal data bus pdr2: pcr2: port data register 2 port control register 2 re rxd sci3 module p2 1 415
figure c-2 (d) port 2 block diagram (pin p2 0 ) v cc v ss pcr2 0 pdr2 0 sby internal data bus pdr2: pcr2: port data register 2 port control register 2 sckie sckoe scko scki sci3 module p2 0 416
c.3 block diagrams of port 3 figure c-3 (a) port 3 block diagram (pins p3 5 to p3 3 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr3 n pdr3 n pcr3 n res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr3: pcr3: pucr3: n= 5 to 3 port data register 3 port control register 3 port pull-up control register 3 p3 n 417
figure c-3 (b) port 3 block diagram (pin p3 2 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr3 2 pmr3 2 pdr3 2 pcr3 2 res sby (low level during reset and in standby mode) internal data bus pdr3: pcr3: pmr3: pmr7: pucr3: port data register 3 port control register 3 port mode register 3 port mode register 7 port pull-up control register 3 so1 sci1 module p3 2 pmr7 0 418
figure c-3 (c) port 3 block diagram (pin p3 1 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr3 1 pdr3 1 pcr3 1 si1 res sby internal data bus pdr3: pcr3: pmr3: pucr3: port data register 3 port control register 3 port mode register 3 port pull-up control register 3 p3 1 (low level during reset and in standby mode) sci1 module pmr3 1 419
figure c-3 (d) port 3 block diagram (pin p3 0 ) v cc v cc v ss pucr3 0 pmr3 0 pdr3 0 pcr3 0 res sby pdr3: pcr3: pmr3: pucr3: port data register 3 port control register 3 port mode register 3 port pull-up control register 3 sci1 module p3 0 (low level during reset and in standby mode) cks3 sck1 internal data bus sck0 420
c.4 block diagrams of port 5 figure c-4 (a) port 5 block diagram (pins p5 7 and p5 4 to p5 0 ) v cc v cc v ss int n res sby internal data bus pdr5: pcr5: pucr5: n = 7, 4 to 0 port data register 5 port control register 5 port pull-up control register 5 p5 n (low level during reset and in standby mode) int module pucr5 n pdr5 n pcr5 n 421
figure c-4 (b) port 5 block diagram (pin p5 6 ) v cc v cc v ss int 6 sby internal data bus pdr5: pcr5: pucr5: port data register 5 port control register 5 port pull-up control register 5 p5 6 (low level during reset and in standby mode) int module pucr5 6 pdr5 6 pcr5 6 tmib timer b1 module 422
figure c-4 (c) port 5 block diagram (pin p5 5 ) v cc v cc v ss int 5 res sby internal data bus pdr5: pcr5: pucr5: port data register 5 port control register 5 port pull-up control register 5 p5 5 (low level during reset and in standby mode) int module pucr5 5 pdr5 5 pcr5 5 adtrg a/d module 423
c.5 block diagram of port 6 figure c-5 port 6 block diagram (pins p6 7 to p6 0 ) v cc v ss pcr6 n pdr6 n sby internal data bus pdr6: pcr6: n = 7 to 0 port data register 6 port control register 6 p6 n (low level during reset and in standby mode) 424
c.6 block diagrams of port 7 figure c-6 (a) port 7 block diagram (pins p7 7 and p7 3 to p7 0 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr7: pcr7: n = 7 or 3 to 0 port data register 7 port control register 7 p7 n (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr7 n pcr7 n 425
figure c-6 (b) port 7 block diagram (pin p7 6 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr7: pcr7: port data register 7 port control register 7 p7 6 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr7 6 pcr7 6 0s3 to 0s0 tmov timer v module 426
figure c-6 (c) port 7 block diagram (pin p7 5 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr7: pcr7: port data register 7 port control register 7 p7 5 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr7 5 pcr7 5 tmciv timer v module 427
figure c-6 (d) port 7 block diagram (pin p7 4 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr7: pcr7: port data register 7 port control register 7 p7 4 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr7 4 pcr7 4 tmriv timer v module 428
c.7 block diagrams of port 8 figure c-7 (a) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 7 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 7 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 7 pcr8 7 429
figure c-7 (b) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 6 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 6 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 6 pcr8 6 ftid timer x module 430
figure c-7 (c) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 5 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 5 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 5 pcr8 5 ftic timer x module 431
figure c-7 (d) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 4 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 4 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 4 pcr8 4 ftib timer x module 432
figure c-7 (e) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 3 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 3 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 3 pcr8 3 ftia timer x module 433
figure c-7 (f) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 2 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 2 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 2 pcr8 2 oeb ftob timer x module 434
figure c-7 (g) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 1 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 1 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 1 pcr8 1 oea ftoa timer x module 435
figure c-7 (h) port 8 block diagram (pin p8 0 ) v cc v ss sby internal data bus pdr8: pcr8: port data register 8 port control register 8 p8 0 (low level during reset and in standby mode) pdr8 0 pcr8 0 ftci timer x module p8 0 436
c.8 block diagram of port 9 figure c-8 port 9 block diagram (pins p9 4 to p9 0 ) pdr9 n pcr9 n sby internal data bus pdr9: pcr9: n = 4 to 0 port data register 9 port control register 9 p4 n (low level during reset and in standby mode) v cc v ss 437
c.9 block diagram of port b figure c-9 port b block diagram (pins pb 7 to pb 0 ) pb n internal data bus amr3 to amr0 a/d module v in n = 7 to 0 dec 438
appendix d port states in the different processing states table d-1 port states overview port reset sleep subsleep standby watch subactive active p1 7 to high retained retained high retained functions functions p1 0 impedance impedance * p2 7 to p2 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance p3 5 to p3 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance * p5 7 to p5 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance * p6 7 to p6 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance p7 7 to p7 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance p8 7 to p8 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance p9 4 to p9 0 high retained retained high retained functions functions impedance impedance pb 7 to pb 0 high high high high high high high impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance impedance note: * high level output when mos pull-up is in on state. 439
appendix e product code lineup table e-1 product lineup package (hitachi product type product code mark code package code) h8/3657 ztat standard hd6473657w hd6473657w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) products hd6473657x hd6473657x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6473657h hd6473657h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6473657f hd6473657f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) mask rom hd6433657w hd6433657(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433657x hd6433657(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433657h hd6433657(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433657f hd6433657(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) h8/3656 mask rom hd6433656w hd6433656(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433656x hd6433656(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433656h hd6433656(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433656f hd6433656(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) h8/3655 mask rom hd6433655w hd6433655(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433655x hd6433655(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433655h hd6433655(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433655f hd6433655(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) h8/3654 mask rom hd6433654w hd6433654(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433654x hd6433654(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433654h hd6433654(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433654f hd6433654(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) h8/3653 mask rom hd6433653w hd6433653(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433653x hd6433653(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433653h hd6433653(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433653f hd6433653(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) h8/3652 mask rom hd6433652w hd6433652(***)w 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80c) version hd6433652x hd6433652(***)x 80-pin tqfp (tfp-80f) hd6433652h hd6433652(***)h 80-pin qfp (fp-80a) hd6433652f hd6433652(***)f 80-pin qfp (fp-80b) note: (***) indicates the rom code. 440
appendix f package dimensions dimensional drawings of h8/3657 series packages tfp-80c, tfp-80f, fp-80a, and fp-80b are shown in figures f-1 to f-4 below. note: in case of inconsistencies arising within figures, dimensional drawings listed in the hitachi semiconductor packages manual take precedence and are considered correct. figure f-1 tfp-80c package dimensions 0.10 m 0.10 0.5 0.1 0 ?8 1.20 max 14.0 0.2 0.5 12 14.0 0.2 60 41 120 80 61 21 40 0.17 0.05 1.0 0.22 0.05 0.10 0.10 1.00 1.25 0.20 0.04 0.15 0.04 unit: mm dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension 441
figure f-2 tfp-80f package dimensions 0.13 m 16.0 0.2 0.17 0.05 0.65 0.5 0.1 16.0 0.2 60 41 80 1 21 40 20 0 to 8 14 61 1.0 0.32 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.10 1.20 max 1.00 0.83 0.30 0.06 0.15 0.04 dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension unit: mm 442
figure f-3 fp-80a package dimensions 60 0 ?8 0.10 0.12 m 17.2 0.3 41 61 80 1 20 40 21 17.2 0.3 0.32 0.08 0.65 3.05 max 1.6 0.8 0.3 14 2.70 0.17 0.05 0.10 +0.15 ?.10 0.83 0.30 0.06 0.15 0.04 unit: mm dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension 443
figure f-4 fp-80b package dimensions 0.15 m 0 ?10 0.37 0.08 0.17 0.05 3.10 max 1.2 0.2 24.8 0.4 20 64 41 40 25 24 1 80 65 18.8 0.4 14 0.15 0.8 2.70 2.4 0.20 +0.10 ?.20 0.8 1.0 0.35 0.06 0.15 0.04 dimension including the plating thickness base material dimension 444
h8/3657 series hardware manual publication date: 1st edition, october 1997 published by: semiconductor and ic div. hitachi, ltd. edited by: technical documentation center hitachi microcomputer system ltd. copyright hitachi, ltd., 1997. all rights reserved. printed in japan.

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